PERSONALITY-MEANING, NATURE AND DEVELOPMENT, TYPES OF PERSONALITY

1. S.KRISHNAMURTHY M.Sc (Nursing)MBA(HM).,
NURSING TUTOR,
SCHOOL OF NURSING,
THANJAVUR MEDICAL COLLEGE,
THANJAVUR.

2. Personality:
1. Meaning, nature and development,
types of personality.
2. Assessment of personality,
importance of knowledge of
personality for the nurse.

3. Latin word – persona
-the mask worn by the actors while playing
their role in the drama.

4.  Personality is the total quality of an
individual’s behaviour as it is shown in his
habits of thinking, in his attitude, interests,
his manner of acting and his personal
philosophy of life. (or)

5.  Physical: These are the physical traits or features
of an individual namely, height, weight, colour,
expression facial physical health. In general, a
good personality means an impressive,
symmetrical and healthy body.
 Emotional: A person’s emotions also go into the
make up of his personality.
 Intelligence: An intelligent person will have a
forceful personality person with subnormal
intelligence is a “dull” person.
 Behaviour: Behaviour is a reflection of one’s
personality. It is partly dependent on our feelings
and partly on the expectations of the society.
Behaviour may be gentle, kind, affectionate
balanced, submissive or aggressive.

6. Psychoanalytical Theory
Psychosocial Theory
Cognitive Theory and
Humanistic Theory

7. Structure of Personality-Levels of mind

13. HUMANISTIC THEORY-
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

14. PERSONALITY
BY TYPES
BASED ON TEMPERAMENT
(HIPPOCRATES)
SANGUINE-CHEERFUL (BLOOD)
PHLEGMATIC- CALM (MUCUS)
CHOLERIC-IRRITABLE (YELLOW BILE)
MELANCHOLIC-DEPRESSED (BLACK
BILE)
WILLIAM SHELDON
CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO BODY
BUILD:
ENDOMORPH
MESOMORPH
ECTOMORPH
DR CARL G JUNG
CLASSIFICATION
ON THE BASIS OF
SOCIABILITY
EXTROVERTS
INTROVERTS.
AMBIIVERTS
KRETSCHMER’S
CLASSIFICATION
PYKNIC
ATHLETIC
ASTHENIC
BY TRAITS/
FACTORS

20. 1. The physiological factors include the
physique of the individual-his size,
strength, looks and constitution.
2. The environmental or social factor.
3. Mental or psychological factors
including motives, interests attitudes,
will and character, intellectual
capacities as intelligence, reasoning,
attention, perception and imagination.
These traits and factors are assessed
by psychological tests.

21. The following methods are used for
evaluation and assessment of
personality traits:
1.Observational methods (The interview)
2. Personality inventories (Based on trait
theories)
3. Projective techniques (Based on
psychoanalytical theory)

22.  Interview is the most popular method of
observation.
 Appearance, bearing and speech can be
noticed.
 Questions can be asked about attitudes and
interests.
 Interviews are used to evaluate a person’s
personality for the purpose of employment
and for education as well as for identifying
personality traits.

23.  This is the most common written method of
assessing personality.
 A personality interview is a questionnaire
in which the person reports his or her feeling
in certain situations.
 They are very easily checked and scored.

24.  One of the most commonly used personality
tests is the MMPI.
 This test asks for answers of “True”, “False” or
“Cannot” to 566 statements about different
personality traits such as attitudes, emotional
reactions, physical and psychological symptoms
and past experiences.

25.  Projective tests focus upon what is inside a
person rather than what can be seen in a
person’s behaviour. These tests try to find
out more about a person’s feelings,
unconscious desires and inner thoughts.
 These tests make use of people’s tendencies
to make up stories about things they see.
 When shown an inkblot, for example, people
see butterflies, dancing girls, pictures of
skeletons, or many other images.

26.  The Rorschach inkblot test was the first projective
test and is still widely used. It was developed by
the Swiss psychologist Hermann Rorschach in
1920. Another projective test is the Thematic
apperception test (TAT) developed by Henry
Murray of Havard University in 1938. The
Rorschach test uses ten different kinds of
inkblots which must be described by the person
taking the test.
 Projective tests are often used in clinical practice.
They are helpful in showing a person’s inner
areas of conflict, anxieties or any problems in
relationships because the person is free to
describe anything.