1. CULTIVATION AND PRACTICES
PRESENTED BY:
KRATIKA SINGHAM
B.TECH (FPT) I year
GREEN GRAM
MUNG BEAN (Vigna radiata)

2. Season ,Varieties and Land
Preparation
GREEN GRAM
MUNG BEAN (Vigna radiata)

3. GREEN GRAM

4. •Important pulses
originated from India.
• Short duration legume
crop.
• Grown mostly as a
fallow crop in rotation
with rice
•Scientifically known
as Vigna radiata

5. GREEN GRAM PRODUCTION IN INDIA:
India is the world’s largest producer as well as
consumer of green gram.
 It produces about 1.5 to 2.0 million tons of
Mung annually from about 3 to 4 million hectares
of area.
 Average productivity is 500kg per hectare.
Green gram output accounts for about 10-12%
of total pulse production in the country.

6. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
OF GREEN GRAM:
 It is a protein rich seeds.
 Contains 20-25% protein.
 The plants are sometimes cut and
ploughed into the soil to enrich soil
nitrogen.

7. SEASONS OF CULTIVATION:
ADIPATTAM - JUNE TO JULY
PURATASIPATTAM -SEPT TO OCT
MARGAZHIPATTAM -DEC TO JAN
RICE FALLOWS -JAN TO FEB
SUMMER -FEB TO MARCH

8. District/Season Varieties
Adipattam (June - July)
All districts except Kanyakumari and Nilgiris
Co 6, Co(Gg) 7, VBN 2,
VBN(Gg) 3
Vellore and Thiruvannamalai VRM(Gg) 1,
Puratasipattam (September - October)
Kanchipuram, Tiruvallur, Dharmapuri, Vellore,
Co 6, VBN(Gg) 2, VBN(Gg)
3
Tiruvannamalai, Salem, Namakkal, Cuddalore,
Villupuram, Thiruchirapalli, Perumbalur, Erode,
Coimbatore, Madurai, Dindigul, Theni,
Pudukottai,
Pudukkottai, Sivagangi, Ramanthapuram,
Virudhunagar, Thothukudi and Thirunelveli
VRM(Gg) 1
Vellore and Tiruvannamalai,

9. Margazhi-Thai Pattam (December – January)
All districts except Kanyakumari and Nilgiris VBN(Gg) 2, VBN(Gg)3
Rice fallows (January - February)
Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam, Cuddalore ADT 3
Summer (February - March)
Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam, Cuddalore,
Co 6, VBN(Gg) 3
Villupuram, Tiruchirapalli, Perambalur,
Thiruvallur,
Kanchipuram
District/Season Varieties

10. VARIETIES OF GREEN
GRAM:
•Co 6
•Vamban(Gg) 2
•VBN (Gg) 3
• VRM (Gg) 2
•Co (Gg) 7
•ADT 3
•Paiyur 1

11. FIELD PREPARATION
Weeding-Pendimethalin @ 3.3 litres per hectare
Prepare the land to get fine tilth and form beds and
channels.

12. Amendments for soil surface crusting:
To tide over the soil surface crusting apply -
lime at the rate of 2 t/ha
 FYM at 12.5 t/ha (or)
composted coir pith at 12.5 t/ha to get an additional
yield of about 15 - 20%.

13. For certified / quality seed production leave a distance of 5 m all
around the field from the same and other varieties of the crop.

15. Seed Sowing,fertilizers
Application and Irrigation
GREEN GRAM
MUNG BEAN (Vigna radiata)

16. QUICK RECAP
• Important pulse crop in India.
• Rich in aminoacids- Leucine ,
Phenyl analine ,lysine ,Valine ,
Isoleucine
• Identification –green
Consumption of Pulses in India

17. FOOD VALUE OF GREEN GRAM
Consumption: whole, dal, splitting seeds
Whole dried seeds
Food Value
Minerals and Vitamins
Moisture - 10.4% Calcium - 124 mg
Protein - 24.0% Phosphorus - 326 mg
Fat - 1.3% Iron - 7.3mg
Fibre - 4.1% Small amount of Vitamin B Complex
Minerals - 3.5% * Values per 100 gm's edible portion
Carbohydrates - 56.7% Calorific Value - 334
Food Value Minerals and Vitamins
Moisture - 10.1% Calcium - 75 mg
Protein - 24.5% Phosphorus - 405 mg
Fat - 1.2% Iron - 8.5mg
Fibre - 0.8% Small amount of Vitamin B Complex
Minerals - 3.5% * Values per 100 gm's edible portion
Splitted seeds (Dal)

18. ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION OF GREEN
GRAM
• Native of India –not found
in wild state
• Introduced early in southern
china ,Indo- china

19. AGRO ECO SYSTEM ANALYSIS (AESA)
Critical analysis of field situations and their inter-
relationship for growing healthy crop
PLANT
HEALTH
PEST &
DEFENDER
POPULATION
DYNAMICS
SOIL
CONDITIONS
CLIMATIC
CONDITIONS
FARMER’S
PAST
EXPERIENCE

20. CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS
• Altitude: 0-1600 m above sea level
▫ warm climatic conditions
• Rainfall: Optimum 650 mm
• Temperature: 30-35or upto 40’c
SOIL
• Fertile red loamy soil
• sandy soil
Prepared land for sowing of green gram

21. SEED VARIETIES
VARIETIES AVERAGE YIELD DURATION OF
MATURATION
High Yielding varieties
Madhira 295 14 65-70
LCG 407 (mutant of Pant M
2)
14 65-70
LCG 450 13 70-75
Medium Yielding varieties 12.4 70-75
HUM 2 12 60-70
Asha 12 75-80
Low yielding varieties
IPM 99-125 9.6 60-70
Ganga 8 9.1 72
Pusa 9531 9 60
PDM 11 8.3 75
HUM 1 (Malvita Jyoti) 8.1-9.4 80-85

24. SELECTION OF SEEDS
• Authentic source
eg. KVK(Krishi Vigyan Kendra),AICRP(All India Co-
ordinated Research Production)
• Genetic purity
• Resistant to-drought ,pests &diseases
• High germination rate
• Fulfill climatic requirements
• Suitability for soil
• Pre-treatment required or not

25. SEED TREATMENT
With sulphuric acid
• Shrunken
• Shrivelled
• fungal infected
• brunched infected
• Hard seed
Shrunken Hard seed
For seed borne diseases, Thiram or captan 2,3,2.5 kg/seed
As it is leguminous plant –
Rhizobium culture Rhizobium leguminosarum 20-40 g /kg
of seed
10% gur solution after cooling mixed with Rhizobium culture,
dried for 6-8 hr in shade and sown immediately or after within
Fig.
Gur Solution Treatmen

26. SOWING
Placing of seeds inside soil under some optimum measurements. It
depends upon the varieties:
 Depth - 2cm
Spacing
 Plant to plant - 10cm
 Row-to-row - 30cm
It can be done –
(a) Manually (Broadcasting, Line Sowing)
(b) Mechanically (Seed drill)

27. METHODS OF SOWING
Manually(broad casting and
line sowing)
Seed drill
• Sprinkling or sowing seeds in a
line manually
Advantages
• Easy
• Requires no skill
• Fastest
• Cheapest
Disadvantages
• Uneven distribution
• Requires large quantity of seeds
• Loss of seeds (air, birds)
• Low yield
• Weed growth is more
• Sowing of seeds at particular
measurement by seed driller
Advantages
• Accurate sowing
• Even distribution
• No wastage
• Weed growth is avoided
Disadvantages
• Costly
• Requires skilled personnel

28. Line sowed Field
Seed Drill

29. SOWING TIME
Kharif
 July to First week April
(intercropping June month)
Rabi
 First and second week of October
Spring and summer
 March to April
 March to First week April (Central India)
 February to Mid March (South India)

30. FERTILIZERS

31. FERTILIZERS
leguminous plant
• Atmospheric N - Rhizobium bacterium
• Requirement-less fertilizer
Rainfed : 12.5 kg N2+ 25 kg P2O5 + 12.5 kg K2O + 10 kg
S*/ha
Irrigated : 25 kg N2 + 50 kg P2O5 + 25 kg K2O + 20 kg
S*/ha
• Application of Zinc Sulphide 15-20 kg/ha or 20 kg Sulphur
with gypsum (for good production)

32. • For higher yield (Multibloom Technology, Thanjavur)
25:50:25:20 kg N:P:K:S/ha.
+
25 kg N/ha. in 3 equal splits on 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing
+
2% DAP spray on 45 and 60 days after sowing
• For yield improvement through physiological, biochemical
attributes
Foliar spray of urea 1% on 30 and 45 days sowing

33. WHAT FERTILIZERS ACTUALLY DO?
FERTILIZER EFFECT
Nitrogen Helps in vegetative growth
Phosphorous Increasing resistancy
Sulphur Helps in retaining sulphur content after double crop
Zinc Mung bean very responsive to it.
Removes dead leaf tissue between veins

34. ADVANTAGES OF MANURES OVER
FERTILIZERS
Manures Fertilizers
Organic residues of plants Inorganic chemicals
Easily available Available in shops
Suitable for every variety of a crop Suitability is specific
Excess use is advantageous Excess use is dangerous (leaching,
infertility, plant diseases)
Cheaper expensive
Required in large amount Required in small amount

35. IRRIGATION
Giving water to the plants by natural or artificial
means
Sources:
• River
• Ponds
• Tubewells
• Tanks
• Rainfall
Mung Bean – Efficient users of water (don’t need
irrigation during podding)
Very Sensitive to water logging

36. IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES
Minimising the impact of waterlogging two different irrigation
methods are used:
FURROW IRRIGATION SPARY IRRIGATION
For steep graded field Approxiately 50mm per week
normally be required during
flowering and pod fill

37. REQUIREMENT ACCORDING TO SEASONS
• Moisture deficiency during pod filling badly affect
production

38. LACK OF IRRGATION
Prepared land Dried land

39. Intercrop Cultivation
• It is a drought resistant crop and suitable for dry
land farming.
• It is predominantly used as an intercrop with
crops like cotton and red gram.
• It is also being grown as intercrop in fruit crops
like mango, citrus etc. when they are young.

40. Crop rotations of green gram
• The common crop rotations followed in India
include:
green gram – mustard;
green gram – safflower;
green gram – linseed;
and green gram – wheat.

41. Crop sequence
• Spring or summer green gram is grown as a catch
crop.
• The crop sequences that have been successful are
• green gram – maize – wheat,
• green gram – rice – wheat,
• green gram – maize – toria – wheat,
• green gram – maize – potato – wheat. In spring
planted sugarcane, it is also grown as an intercrop.
During rabi, it is grown in rice fallows of southern
and south eastern region

42. Pests
• Major pests of green gram:
Borers
Sucking pests
Flower feeder

43. 1.Borers
 Gram pod borer:
Helicoverpa armigera
• Symptoms of
damage:
1. Defoliation in
early stages.
2. Larva’s head alone
thrust inside the
pods and the rest
of the body
hanging out.
3. Pods with round
holes
• Identification of the
pest
1. Larva - Greenish
white with brown
head. It has two pairs
of dark spots on the
back of each segment
2. Adult - Forewings-
light brown colour
with white markings.
3. Hindwings – white
colour with brown
markings at the lateral
edge

44.  Spiny pod borer, Etiella
zinckenella
• Symptoms of
damage
1. Dropping of
flowers and young
pods.
2. Older pods
marked with a
brown spot where
a larvae has
entered
 Blue butterfly: Lampides
boeticus
• Symptoms of
damage
1. Buds, flowers and
young pods with
boreholes.
2. Presence of slug
like caterpillar.
3. Honey dew
secretion with
black ant
movements

45. 2.Sucking pests
 Bean Aphids: Aphis
craccivora
• Symptoms of
damage
1. Leaves,
inflorescence stalk
and young
pods covered with
dark coloured
aphids.
2. Honey dew
secretion with black
ant movements
 Leaf hopper - Empoasca
kerri
• Symptoms of
damage
1. Leave mottled and
yellowish in
colour.
2. Green colour
insects found
under surface of
leaves

46.  Lab lab bug or Stink
bug: Coptosoma cribraria
• Symptoms of
damage
1. Cluster on
the plant parts
and suck the sap.
 Whitefly – Bemisia tabaci
• Symptoms of
damage
1. Leave mottled and
yellowish in
colour.
2. vector of yellow
mosaic virus

47. 3.Flower feeder
Blister beetle: Mylabris phalerata
• Symptoms of damage
1. The adult feeds voraciously on buds and
flowers.
• Management
1. Manual collection or collection with insect
net and killing of adults in kerosenized
water appears to be the only possible
solution.

48. Harvesting
• Harvesting is generally by two to five
hand-pickings at weekly intervals and is
the most expensive single operation in
growing green gram.
• Harvesting before the maturity of crop,
usually result in lower yields, higher
proportion of immature seeds, poor grain
quality and more chances of infestation
during storage.
• Delay in harvesting results in shattering of
pods and other losses caused by pests

49. • Harvesting during adverse weather condition i.e.
rains and overcast weather should be avoided. Such
weather is conducive to fungal infection.
• The harvested bundles should be kept in one
direction in order to ascertain efficient threshing.
• They should be stacked in a dry, clean place in
cubical way to facilitate circulation of the air
around.

50. SUMMARY
GREEN GRAM
Seed High, medium and low yielding
Sowing Manual, Mechanical (seed drill)
Sowing Time Kharif, Rabi, Spring and Summer
Irrigation Furrow and Spray

51. REFERENCES
• http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture
• https://www.daff.qld.gov.au
• Rathod , S. L. and Gawande , M. B. (2014). Response of Green gram Varieties to
Different Fertilizer Grades International Journal of Science and Research Volume 3 Issue
7.
• Singh G., Sekhan , H.S. and Kolar J.S. (2005). Agro technique and pulse production.
First Ed., Agrotech Publishing Academy. Pp 223
• Khedar, U.P., Singh, R.V., Shrimati , M. and Singh, N.P. (2008). Mung Bean Chapter.
Pulses Status and Cultivation technology. Aavishkar Publishing Distribution. Pp-106-
127.