It explains about burn wound model, definition, types, procedure, indications etc

1. BURN WOUND
ANIMAL MODEL
By
Dr. KOMAL M JADHAV
2nd PG Scholar
Dept. of Agada tantra
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2. CONTENTS
• Objectives
• Introduction
• Study models
• Observation
• Previous work done
• Own research view
• Summary
• References
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3. OBJECTIVE
To understand the animal model on burn wounds with examples.
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4. BURN
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A Burn is an injury to the skin or other organic tissue primarily
caused by heat or due to radiation, radioactivity, electricity, friction
or contact with chemicals.
Globally, burns are one of the major causes of disability, with more than 8 million
disability-adjusted life years.
In 2019, more than 23000 fire-related deaths were estimated in India, which is
about 20% of the global mortality burden.
Burn survivors can be financially distressed, vocationally challenged, and
socially excluded

5. Generally, the burn is classified according to the depth:
1. Superficial (first-degree) only involves skin epidermis;
2. Superficial partial-thickness (superficial second-degree) involves
superficial dermis;
3. Deep partial-thickness (deep second-degree) involves the deeper
dermis;
4. Full-thickness (third-degree) includes the whole layer of epidermis
and dermis, reaching the subcutaneous tissue, and even muscles
and bones are damaged.
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6. PATHOLOGY OF BURN
1. Local response
2. Systemic response
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7. NEED OF THE BURN MODEL
• Deep burns and scalds can cause scar formation, skin contracture,
and serious motor dysfunction.
• There is a need to study the pathophysiological process and healing
mechanism of burns and scalds to explore the healing process of
burns and scalds.
• Therefore, it is necessary to establish a burn animal model to reveal
the pathological mechanism after burn and test the new treatment.
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8. CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMAL MODELS OF WOUND
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Excised wound model Burn wound model
Hot
water
Hot
metal
tools
Electric
ity
Heated
paraffin

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10. Preferred species- : Rat, Pig, Mouse
Age : 6 – 8 week
 Number of Animals : 6 in each group
 Number of groups : 3
 Weight : 180-200 gm
 Route of application : External and
 Duration of study : 15 days
 Identification of Animal : Each animal cage was properly numbered and identified by marking.
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11. Sl.No. Group No. Group Name Treatment
01 Group 1 Control Control group – Distilled water
02 Group 2 Test drug Dhatakyadi Yoga lepa
(dhatakipushpachurna +atasi taila)
03 Group 3 Standard Silverex ointment applied
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Each group having 6 animals

12. No. Test Study No. of animals Test drug Observation
1) Sighting study 1 female rat Dhatakyadi yoga lepa For 24 hrs
2) Limit test study 4 female rat Dhatakyadi yoga lepa For 14 days
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13. Sl.No
.
Group No. Group Name Treatment
01 Group 1 Control Control group – Distilled
water
02 Group 2 Test drug Manjishta root paste applied
03 Group 3 Standard Silverex ointment applied
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14. Preparation of Animals
• Animals selected, marked
• kept in cages 7 days prior to the study.
• 10 % of the total body surface area - The dorsum of the trunk is
shaved on previous day of inducing burns to ensure even burn
wounding
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15. Inducing burns:
 The rats are adequately anesthetized.
 The temperature of water was measured with laboratory thermometer.
 The template was kept on Steel Sterilizer after boiling the water.
 place the rat on its back in a template constructed of wood and a metal screen,
so that its back is directly over the screen.
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16.  Duration of exposure - 60sec.
 The portion of rat exposed by the screen were entirely in contact with the
water.
 Remove the rat after desired duration and place the animal on its back on
absorbent bench paper to remove any remaining hot water.
 Turn the rat over the abdomen and allow the animal to cool.
 The burnt skin has to be removed by scissor until the bleed appears from
edge of the wound.
 Soon after Test drug (Dhatakyadi lepa) is to be applied.
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17. The time for inducing burns was decided after trials
• 08sec- no changes in skin
• 15sec - redness of skin
• 30sec - pale colored marking around redness
• 60sec -good burns, the skin peels off without any bleeding
• 90sec - paralysis of lower limbs and animal died on next day
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18. Parameters observed during the experiment:
• Food and water intake
• Body weight
• Animal Behaviour and Physical Activity
• Signs of toxicity
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19. Observation of wound
 Wound area:
 Wound closure day:
 Complete epithelization day:
 Scar shape:
 Spectrophotometric analysis of Hydroxyproline content in granulation
tissue:- Amino acids-collagen formation
 Histopathology:
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20. Sl
no
Changes in Skin 1st half
hour
2nd half
hour
2nd hr –
24hr
2nd day –
14 day
1) Blanching
Absent Absent Absent Absent
2) Cyanosis
3) Erythema
4) Itching
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Sl
no
Changes in Fur 1st half
hour
2nd half
hour
2nd hr –
24hr
2nd day –
14 day
1) Falling of fur
Absent Absent Absent Absent
2) Discoloration
3) Piloerection

21. Precautions
• Large area of burn can cause – severe loss of body fluids
• Intensive monitoring & handling for the dehydration of animals are
necessary.
• No other part of the rat touches water.
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24. Mouse(6-8week old)
hairs of dorsum are shaved
anaesthetized- intraperitoneal
injections of ketamine & Xylazine
1ml of saline s/c along spine to
cushion spinal cord from any injury
area is immersed in 100deg c water
bath -8sec( full thickness burn)
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STANDARDIZED SCALDING BURN MODEL IN MOUSE

25. STANDARDIZED SCALDING BURN MODEL IN RAT
• Same as that of mouse model with some minor differences s
temp & length of exposure to the heated water.
• Can handle upto 60% TBSA burn
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26. STANDARDIZED SCALDING MODEL IN PIGS
• Same as that of rodent model.
• Pig sedated with I/M inj of Ketamine & Azaperon.
• Put under surgical plane & intubated by receiving
phenobarbital & ketamine.
• Back Hairs are clipped, boiling water tank is circulated over
the area .
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27. Local Burn Wound Care
 To clean debris and particles from the burn wound
 To prevent damage to remaining viable epithelium
 To produce an environment which inhibits microbial growth
 To allow free drainage of exudates from the wound.
 To prevent damage to regenerating, delicate neoepithelium
 To prevent development of bacteremia and Septicemia.
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28. RESEARCH WORKS DONE
• Experimental study to evaluate acute dermal toxicity and efficacy of
dhatakyadi yoga lepa in cutaneous burn woundhealing”
• “An experimental evaluation of the effect of Manjistha (rubia
cordifolia linn) on cutaneous Burn wound healing”
• Development of RASAPUSHPA OINTMET it's antimicrobial and
wound healing activity
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29. OWN RESEARCH VIEW
Radiation induced burn wound model.
Effect of Vishagna dravyas on vrana.
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30. REFERENCES
• Abdullahi, A., Amini-Nik, S., & Jeschke, M. G. (2014). Animal models in
burn research. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS, 71(17),
3241–3255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-014-1612-5
• Hua C, Lyu L, Ryu HS, Park SY, Lim NK, Abueva C, Chung P. ”Design
and Evaluation of a Scalding Animal Model” by the Boiling Water
Method. Medical Lasers 2020;9:51-57.
• Burns in India: a call for health policy action
• Cell mol life sci.Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 Sep 1.
• Burn wound:how it differs from other wounds?; v.k Tiwari
• https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/69011
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