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Multiframe intro
Contact Information

•   Philip Christensen
•   Formation Design Systems
•   philc@formsys.com
•   www.formsys.com
•   www.formsys.com/academic
•   Password frog5cove
Tutorial Program

1. Introduction to Multiframe
2. Structural modeling & intro to Section Maker
3. Loads and load cases – sample problem
4. Understanding results – sample problem
5. Assignment
6. Assignment
Background to Multiframe

•   What is Multiframe?
•   Structural analysis and design software
•   Linear 3D beam elements
•   “Stick and Ball” model of primary structure
•   Good for framed structures, less suited to
    slab and wall structures
Using Multiframe

•   Setup
    – Units
    – Size
•   Basic Concepts
    – Global axes
    – Local axes
    – Section Axes
•   Frame, Load, Plot windows
Steps in structural analysis

1. Geometry
2. Connectivity
3. Materials/Section Properties
                                  Frame Window
4. Member Types
5. Restraints
6. Loads                          Load Window
7. Analysis
                                  Plot Window
8. Results
Geometry

•   Joint coordinates
•   Member lengths
•   Sketch in Frame window
•   Modify by double click
•   Modify in Data window
Connectivity

•   Defines which members are
    connected to which other
    members
•   Done automatically as you draw
    in Frame window
•   Can be reviewed in Member table
    in Data window
Materials/Section properties

•   Define size and materials of
    structural members
•   Sections are stored in Library
•   Custom sections are possible
•   Section Maker helps with
    section property calcs
•   Applied to members in the
    Frame window
Member Types & Orientation

•   Section Orientation
•   Also known as “beta” angle
•   Member releases define pins
    at ends of members
•   Applied to members in the
    Frame window
Restraints

•   Define how structure is “held down”
•   Commonly pinned or rigid
•   Apply to joints in Frame window
•   Custom restraints are possible
Loads

•   Automatic self weight
•   Loads on joints
     – Point loads or moments
•   Loads on members
     – Point or Distributed
•   Consider a number of loading conditions or
    cases
•   Factored combinations of load cases
Analysis

•   Static linear (1st order)
                                              1st Order
•   Static nonlinear
     – (2nd order, large deflection)
                                       Load
     – P. ∆ and P. δ                                      2nd Order

•   Dynamic modal
•   Dynamic time history

                                              Deflection
Results

•   Deflections
•   Actions
     – Forces, moments
•   Stresses
     – Axial, bending, shear
•   Diagrams in Plot window
•   Tables in Results window
•   NB Deflection diagram is exaggerated
Sample Problem

•   2D Truss to carry 1 x 20kN load at middle of a 10m span
•   Goals are –
     – Deflection not greater than 40mm
     – Axial stress not greater than 100MPa
•   How light can you make it?
     – Use Data Window/Sections table to check weight


            20kN




                         10m
Section Maker

•   Utility for calculating properties of a
    structural shape
•   Weight, Area, Ix, Iy, J, E, G are required for
    Multiframe
•   Others are useful for stresses and design
Using Section Maker

•   Placing Sections
•   Placing Shapes
•   Drawing Shapes
•   Importing Shapes
•   Properties
•   Limitations
     – No overlapping shapes
     – J approximate in some cases
Structural Modeling

1. Use clipping and masking to manage
   more complex models
2. Importing DXF
3. Modeling trusses
4. Modeling frames
5. Common errors
Data Import - DXF

•   DXF - AutoCAD, Microstation etc
•   Import 3D DXF from any CAD system
•   Each LINE/POLYLINE segment
    becomes a member in Multiframe
•   No arcs in polylines
•   Don’t use local extrusion axes
•   Make sure any BLOCKs are exploded
    prior to export
•   Check units in DXF file are consistent
    with Multiframe
•   Use rotate command after import if
    necessary
Modeling Trusses

•   Trusses resist loads using axial
    actions only
     – bending
•   Structure must be completely
    triangulated
     – Be careful in 3D
•   Set joint types to pinned
•   Usual to apply only joint loads
•   Review deflections and axial
    forces in results
     – Tension and compression
Modeling Frames

•   Frames resist loads using combination of
    bending and axial forces
•   Columns carry vertical loads as axial forces and
    resist horizontal loads by bending
•   Beams resist vertical loads by bending
•   Braces resist transverse loads by axial tension
    or compression
Common modelling errors

•   Setting all joints to be restrained
     – Only the joints at the
        foundations should be restrained
•   Drawing a member through a
    joint
     – Every member must run from
        joint to joint. Subdivide if
        necessary.Check by selecting
        the member.
•   Duplicating members so they
    touch but are not connected to
    other members
     – Check using animation
•   Getting loading units wrong
Load Cases

•   Common load cases
     – Self weight (Permanent)        • Multiframe commands
     – Dead load (Permanent)               – Add Self Weight
     – Live load (Imposed)                 – Add Static Load Case

     – Wind load                           – Add Combined Load Case

     – Load combinations
•   Load magnitudes are determined using
    AS1170 or from first principles
Dead Load

•    Loads which are permanently applied to the
                                                           1 Pa = 1 N/m2
     structure
•
                                                           1 N = 1 kg x g
     For joint loads, consider area which will
     contribute load to that joint                         g = 9.8 (~10)
•    For member loads, consider area which will
     load that member
•    For trusses its common to apply joint loads
                                                   P         B

                                        w
                                                       L

    P (N) = B (m) x L (m) x w (Pa)
Live Load

•    Loads which are temporarily applied to the
                                                          1 Pa = 1 N/m2
     structure
•
                                                          1 N = 1 kg x g
     e.g. Pedestrians on the walkway
•    w determined from no. of pedestrians per sq          g = 9.8 (~10)

     metre and average weight per person



                                                  P         B

                                       w
                                                      L

    P (N) = B (m) x L (m) x w (Pa)
Wind Load

•   AS1170 prescribes wind load calculations
•   q = 0.5 * ρ * V2 * Cf
     – q is design wind pressure Pa
     – ρ is air density = 1.2 kg/m3
                                                       D
     – V is wind speed in m/s (assume 40 m/s)
     – Cf is a shape factor (default to 1.0)
•   Total load on member = L * D * q                       L
•   Load per unit length w = q * D
     – D = depth of member perpendicular to air flow
•   Direction of load is parallel to air flow
Loading Areas

•   Tributary area
     – Use to transfer pressure to a
       member supporting an area
     – Be careful with units
     – More complicated patterns with
       4-way supported slabs




                                                   W=P.d kN/m
                                        where P is in kPa and d is in metres
Sample Problem Tree top walk
Tree top walk
Tree top walk
Tree top walk
Plan

Worked Example

•   Tree Top Walk Truss, Walpole WA
•   Length 60m, max depth 4m, max
    width 3.0m, width at ends 1.0m
•   Bottom chord 50mm rod, top
    chords CHS168x4.8, transverse
    members RHS150x50x4, bracing
    CHS102x4
•   www.donaldsonandwarn.com.au




               Side Elevation
Worked Example Loads

•   Consider self weight, dead weight, live load
    and wind.
•   Dead weight comes from 100mm thick jarrah
    walkway
•   Dead weight also comes from side railings at
    70kg/m
•   Live load comes from human traffic
•   Wind load as per AS1170
•   Self+Dead+Live+Wind
•   Assume load is only applied at nodes of truss
Worked Example Dead Loads

•   Self Weight using Add Self Weight load case
•   Jarrah decking, 6m segment x 0.5m wide x
    0.1m thick= 0.6m3
•   Density of Jarrah is 800kg/m3 = 480kg = 4.8kN
•   6m handrail @ 70kg/m = 420kg = 4.2kN
•   Total 9kN per node.              9kN

                                               9kN


                                                  6m
Worked Example Live Loads

•   People standing on deck
•   6m segment x 0.5m wide= 3m2
•   Average person 70kg, one per square metre
•   3 x 70 = 210kg = 2.1kN per node



                                      2.1kN

                                              2.1kN


                                                6m
Worked Example Wind Loads

•   q = 0.5 * ρ * V2 * Cf
     – =0.5 x 1.2 * 40 x 40 = 960 Pa (~1kPa)
•   Total load on member = L * D * q
•   Load per unit on eg top chord
•   w = q * D = 1 * 0.16 = 0.16 kN/m
•   Repeat for each member of different depth
•   Direction is perpendicular to length of truss
Analysis

•   Static linear (1st order)
                                              1st Order
•   Static nonlinear
     – (2nd order, large deflection)
                                       Load
     – P. ∆ and P. δ                                      2nd Order

•   Dynamic modal
•   Dynamic time history

                                              Deflection
Results

•   Deflections, forces, moments, stresses
•   Diagrams in Plot window
•   Tables in Results window
•   Deflection diagram is exaggerated
Deflection Plots

•   Exaggerated display of deflected shape
•   Can exaggerate more or less using Scale
    item in Plot dialog in Display menu
•   Can set to true scale of displacement
    using scale of -1
•   Can overlay an action or stress as a color
    on the diagram
•   Can render the deflected shape
•   Can animate the deflection shape and
    save as an avi movie
Assignment

•   Write the report as a self-contained
    document
     – Note any required external documents
•   Use simple, annotated drawings to clarify
•   Explain all assumptions
•   Display intermediate as well as final working
    of calculations and show all units
•   Make sure units are consistent
•   Use clear, simple, concise, professional
    language
Student Models 1
Student Models 2
Student Models 3
Student Models 4
Student Models 5
Student Models 6
Student Work 1
Student Work 2
Student Work 3
Student Work 4
Student Work 5
Student Work 6
•   © Formation Design Systems Pty Ltd
•   PO Box 1293 Fremantle WA 6959
•   Tel +61 8 9335 1522 Fax +61 8 9335 1526
•   Email: philc@formsys.com
•   Web Site: www.formsys.com

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Multiframe intro

  • 2. Contact Information • Philip Christensen • Formation Design Systems • philc@formsys.com • www.formsys.com • www.formsys.com/academic • Password frog5cove
  • 3. Tutorial Program 1. Introduction to Multiframe 2. Structural modeling & intro to Section Maker 3. Loads and load cases – sample problem 4. Understanding results – sample problem 5. Assignment 6. Assignment
  • 4. Background to Multiframe • What is Multiframe? • Structural analysis and design software • Linear 3D beam elements • “Stick and Ball” model of primary structure • Good for framed structures, less suited to slab and wall structures
  • 5. Using Multiframe • Setup – Units – Size • Basic Concepts – Global axes – Local axes – Section Axes • Frame, Load, Plot windows
  • 6. Steps in structural analysis 1. Geometry 2. Connectivity 3. Materials/Section Properties Frame Window 4. Member Types 5. Restraints 6. Loads Load Window 7. Analysis Plot Window 8. Results
  • 7. Geometry • Joint coordinates • Member lengths • Sketch in Frame window • Modify by double click • Modify in Data window
  • 8. Connectivity • Defines which members are connected to which other members • Done automatically as you draw in Frame window • Can be reviewed in Member table in Data window
  • 9. Materials/Section properties • Define size and materials of structural members • Sections are stored in Library • Custom sections are possible • Section Maker helps with section property calcs • Applied to members in the Frame window
  • 10. Member Types & Orientation • Section Orientation • Also known as “beta” angle • Member releases define pins at ends of members • Applied to members in the Frame window
  • 11. Restraints • Define how structure is “held down” • Commonly pinned or rigid • Apply to joints in Frame window • Custom restraints are possible
  • 12. Loads • Automatic self weight • Loads on joints – Point loads or moments • Loads on members – Point or Distributed • Consider a number of loading conditions or cases • Factored combinations of load cases
  • 13. Analysis • Static linear (1st order) 1st Order • Static nonlinear – (2nd order, large deflection) Load – P. ∆ and P. δ 2nd Order • Dynamic modal • Dynamic time history Deflection
  • 14. Results • Deflections • Actions – Forces, moments • Stresses – Axial, bending, shear • Diagrams in Plot window • Tables in Results window • NB Deflection diagram is exaggerated
  • 15. Sample Problem • 2D Truss to carry 1 x 20kN load at middle of a 10m span • Goals are – – Deflection not greater than 40mm – Axial stress not greater than 100MPa • How light can you make it? – Use Data Window/Sections table to check weight 20kN 10m
  • 16. Section Maker • Utility for calculating properties of a structural shape • Weight, Area, Ix, Iy, J, E, G are required for Multiframe • Others are useful for stresses and design
  • 17. Using Section Maker • Placing Sections • Placing Shapes • Drawing Shapes • Importing Shapes • Properties • Limitations – No overlapping shapes – J approximate in some cases
  • 18. Structural Modeling 1. Use clipping and masking to manage more complex models 2. Importing DXF 3. Modeling trusses 4. Modeling frames 5. Common errors
  • 19. Data Import - DXF • DXF - AutoCAD, Microstation etc • Import 3D DXF from any CAD system • Each LINE/POLYLINE segment becomes a member in Multiframe • No arcs in polylines • Don’t use local extrusion axes • Make sure any BLOCKs are exploded prior to export • Check units in DXF file are consistent with Multiframe • Use rotate command after import if necessary
  • 20. Modeling Trusses • Trusses resist loads using axial actions only – bending • Structure must be completely triangulated – Be careful in 3D • Set joint types to pinned • Usual to apply only joint loads • Review deflections and axial forces in results – Tension and compression
  • 21. Modeling Frames • Frames resist loads using combination of bending and axial forces • Columns carry vertical loads as axial forces and resist horizontal loads by bending • Beams resist vertical loads by bending • Braces resist transverse loads by axial tension or compression
  • 22. Common modelling errors • Setting all joints to be restrained – Only the joints at the foundations should be restrained • Drawing a member through a joint – Every member must run from joint to joint. Subdivide if necessary.Check by selecting the member. • Duplicating members so they touch but are not connected to other members – Check using animation • Getting loading units wrong
  • 23. Load Cases • Common load cases – Self weight (Permanent) • Multiframe commands – Dead load (Permanent) – Add Self Weight – Live load (Imposed) – Add Static Load Case – Wind load – Add Combined Load Case – Load combinations • Load magnitudes are determined using AS1170 or from first principles
  • 24. Dead Load • Loads which are permanently applied to the 1 Pa = 1 N/m2 structure • 1 N = 1 kg x g For joint loads, consider area which will contribute load to that joint g = 9.8 (~10) • For member loads, consider area which will load that member • For trusses its common to apply joint loads P B w L P (N) = B (m) x L (m) x w (Pa)
  • 25. Live Load • Loads which are temporarily applied to the 1 Pa = 1 N/m2 structure • 1 N = 1 kg x g e.g. Pedestrians on the walkway • w determined from no. of pedestrians per sq g = 9.8 (~10) metre and average weight per person P B w L P (N) = B (m) x L (m) x w (Pa)
  • 26. Wind Load • AS1170 prescribes wind load calculations • q = 0.5 * ρ * V2 * Cf – q is design wind pressure Pa – ρ is air density = 1.2 kg/m3 D – V is wind speed in m/s (assume 40 m/s) – Cf is a shape factor (default to 1.0) • Total load on member = L * D * q L • Load per unit length w = q * D – D = depth of member perpendicular to air flow • Direction of load is parallel to air flow
  • 27. Loading Areas • Tributary area – Use to transfer pressure to a member supporting an area – Be careful with units – More complicated patterns with 4-way supported slabs W=P.d kN/m where P is in kPa and d is in metres
  • 32. Plan Worked Example • Tree Top Walk Truss, Walpole WA • Length 60m, max depth 4m, max width 3.0m, width at ends 1.0m • Bottom chord 50mm rod, top chords CHS168x4.8, transverse members RHS150x50x4, bracing CHS102x4 • www.donaldsonandwarn.com.au Side Elevation
  • 33. Worked Example Loads • Consider self weight, dead weight, live load and wind. • Dead weight comes from 100mm thick jarrah walkway • Dead weight also comes from side railings at 70kg/m • Live load comes from human traffic • Wind load as per AS1170 • Self+Dead+Live+Wind • Assume load is only applied at nodes of truss
  • 34. Worked Example Dead Loads • Self Weight using Add Self Weight load case • Jarrah decking, 6m segment x 0.5m wide x 0.1m thick= 0.6m3 • Density of Jarrah is 800kg/m3 = 480kg = 4.8kN • 6m handrail @ 70kg/m = 420kg = 4.2kN • Total 9kN per node. 9kN 9kN 6m
  • 35. Worked Example Live Loads • People standing on deck • 6m segment x 0.5m wide= 3m2 • Average person 70kg, one per square metre • 3 x 70 = 210kg = 2.1kN per node 2.1kN 2.1kN 6m
  • 36. Worked Example Wind Loads • q = 0.5 * ρ * V2 * Cf – =0.5 x 1.2 * 40 x 40 = 960 Pa (~1kPa) • Total load on member = L * D * q • Load per unit on eg top chord • w = q * D = 1 * 0.16 = 0.16 kN/m • Repeat for each member of different depth • Direction is perpendicular to length of truss
  • 37. Analysis • Static linear (1st order) 1st Order • Static nonlinear – (2nd order, large deflection) Load – P. ∆ and P. δ 2nd Order • Dynamic modal • Dynamic time history Deflection
  • 38. Results • Deflections, forces, moments, stresses • Diagrams in Plot window • Tables in Results window • Deflection diagram is exaggerated
  • 39. Deflection Plots • Exaggerated display of deflected shape • Can exaggerate more or less using Scale item in Plot dialog in Display menu • Can set to true scale of displacement using scale of -1 • Can overlay an action or stress as a color on the diagram • Can render the deflected shape • Can animate the deflection shape and save as an avi movie
  • 40. Assignment • Write the report as a self-contained document – Note any required external documents • Use simple, annotated drawings to clarify • Explain all assumptions • Display intermediate as well as final working of calculations and show all units • Make sure units are consistent • Use clear, simple, concise, professional language
  • 53. © Formation Design Systems Pty Ltd • PO Box 1293 Fremantle WA 6959 • Tel +61 8 9335 1522 Fax +61 8 9335 1526 • Email: philc@formsys.com • Web Site: www.formsys.com