The Revolutionary Government was established by Emilio Aguinaldo on June 23, 1898 to replace the dictatorial government and continue the struggle for Philippine independence. It established four major departments and appointed delegates to a Revolutionary Congress. This government drafted the Malolos Constitution with the goal of establishing an independent Philippine republic.

1. THE DICTATORIAL GOVERNMENT
OF EMILIO AGUINALDO
May 24 1898 – June 23 1898
MITRA, KARYLL ANN G

2. AGUINALDO IN EXILE
FILIPINO EXILES IN HONG KONG
Emilio Aguinaldo led 36 other revolutionary
leaders into exile in the British colony. They
were:
Pedro Aguinaldo
Tomas Aguinaldo
Joaquin Alejandrino
Celestino Aragon
Jose Aragon
Primitivo Artacho
Vito Belarmino
Agapito Bonzon
Antonio Carlos
Eugenio dela Cruz
Agustin Dela Rosa
Gregorio H. del Pilar
Lino Viola
Valentin Diaz
Salvador Estrella
Vitaliano Famular
Dr. Anastacio Francisco
Pedro Francisco
Francisco Frani
Maximo Kabigting
Vicente Kagton
Silvestre Legaspi
Teodoro Legaspi
Mariano Llanera
Doroteo Lopez
Vicente Lukban
Lazaro Makapagal
Miguel Malvar
Tomas Mascardo
Antonio Montenegro
Benito Natividad
Carlos Ronquillo
Manuel Tinio
Miguel Valenzuela
Wenceslao Viniegra
Escolastico Viola

3. BATTLE OF MANILA BAY
SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
DATE:
May 1 1898
RESULT:
U. S. Victory
BELLIGERENTS:
United States and Kingdom of Spain
COMMANDERS:
George Dewey and Patricio Montojo
LOCATION:
Near Manila, Philippines

4. BATTLE OF MANILA BAY
SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
INTRODUCTION
25 April 1898, US declared war on Spain following the sinking of Battleship Main
on 15 Feb 1898
Considered as the FIRST MAJOR ENGAGEMENT of the Spanish-American War
One of the most DECISIVE NAVAL BATTLES in history
War ended with the signing of Treaty of Paris on 10 December 1898

5. BATTLE OF MANILA BAY
SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
BACKGROUND
1492, Spain was the first European nation to sail westward across the Atlantic
Ocean, explore and colonize nations on the Western Hemisphere
Amongst their colonies back then, Cuba was the first to initiate a struggle for
independence
Commodore George Dewey sailed from Hong Kong
"You may fire when ready, Gridley“
The Spanish fleet under Rear Admiral Patricio Montojo was destroyed

6. AGUINALDO RETURNS

7. AGUINALDO RETURNS
Emilio Famy Aguinaldo returned to Manila with thirteen of his staff on May
19 aboard the American revenue cutter McCulloch, Aguinaldo reassumed command
of Filipino rebel forces.
When General Emilio Famy Aguinaldo returned to the country from his exile in Hong
Kong in May 1898, the truce signed between Filipino revolutionists and Spaniards at
Biak-na-Bato in December 1897 had been broken in many parts of the country.
Five days after his arrival, on May 24, upon the advise of Ambrosio Rianzares,
Aguinaldo temporarily established a dictatorial government, but plans were afoot
to proclaim the independence of the country.

8. AGUINALDO AND COMMODORE DEWEY
EMILIO AGUINALDO:
"The Admiral added that the United States had come to the Philippines to protect the natives and free them from the
yoke of Spain. He said, moreover, that America is exceedingly well off as regards territory, revenue, and resources
and therefore needs no colonies, assuring me finally that there was no occasion for me to entertain any doubts
whatever about the recognition of the Independence of the Philippines by the United States.“
Aguinaldo, in his book, "A Second Look At America," admitted he naively believed
that Dewey "acted in good faith" on behalf of the Filipinos.

9. AGUINALDO AND COMMODORE DEWEY
In late May, Dewey was ordered by the U.S. Department of the
Navy to distance himself from Aguinaldo lest he make untoward
commitments to the Philippine forces.
Dewey referred to the Filipinos as "the Indians" and promised
Washington, D.C. that he would "enter the city (Manila) and keep
the Indians out.“

10. THE DICTATORIAL GOVERNMENT
Filipino rebels routed the Spaniards in Alapan, Cavite.
By early June, with no arms supplied by Dewey, Aguinaldo's forces had
overwhelmed Spanish garrisons in Cavite and around Manila, surrounded the capital
with 14 miles of trenches, captured the Manila waterworks and shut off access or
escape by the Pasig River. Links were established with other movements throughout
the country.
With the exception of Muslim areas on Mindanao and nearby islands, the Filipinos
had taken effective control of the rest of the Philippines.
Aguinaldo's 12,000 troops kept the Spanish soldiers bottled up inside Manila until
American troop reinforcements could arrive.

11. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
On June 12, 1898, Aguinaldo proclaimed
Philippine independence from the window of
his house in Kawit, Cavite, and waved the
Philippine Flag officially for the first time to
the martial strains of the new national
anthem.

12. THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL FLAG
The event saw the unfurling of the
National Flag of the Philippines, made in
Hong Kong by Marcela Agoncillo, Lorenza
Agoncillo, and Delfina Herboza.
The original design of the flag adopted a
mythical sun with a face, a symbol common
to several former Spanish colonies.
The flag of Cuba influenced the design of
the flag of the Philippines as Cuba's
revolution against Spain inspired, to some
degree, the Philippine Revolution.

13. ROYAL BLUE
SCARLET RED

14. THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL FLAG
8 PROVINCES THAT FIRST STARTED
1896 PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION:
Manila
Cavite
Bulacan
Pampanga
Nueva Ecija
Tarlac
Laguna
Batangas
PROPOSALS
EMMANUEL OSORIO
PRES. FIDEL V. RAMOS

15. HALF-MAST
Upon the official announcement of the death of the President or a former President,
the flag should be flown at half-mast for ten days
The flag should be flown at half-mast for seven days following the death of
the Vice President, the Chief Justice, the President of the Senate or the Speaker of
the House of Representatives
The flag may also be required to fly at half-mast upon the death of other persons
to be determined by the National Historical Institute, for a period less than seven
days
The flag shall be flown at half-mast on all the buildings and places where the
decedent was holding office, on the day of death until the day of interment of an
incumbent member.

16. MARCHA FILIPINA MAGDALO
Marcha Filipina Magdalo, now known
as Lupang Hinirang (Chosen Land), was
composed by Julián Felipe.
Originally written as incidental music, it did not
have lyrics when it was adopted as the anthem
of the revolutionary First Philippine
Republic and subsequently played during
the proclamation of Philippine independence on
June 12, 1898.
The lyrics were then adapted from
the Spanish poem Filipinas, written by José
Palma in 1899.

17. R.A. 8491
oLupang Hinirang "shall be in accordance with the musical arrangement and
composition of Julián Felipe.“
oDuring televised boxing matches featuring Filipino boxer Manny Pacquiao, singers
have been both praised and criticized by the National Historical Institute (NHI) for
singing too slow or too fast.
Martin Nievera (Pacquiao-Hatton)
Sarah Geronimo (Pacquiao-Morales III)
Zyrene parsad (Pacquiao-Margarito)
Jennifer Bautista (Pacquiao-Morales II)
oThe NHI says that the proper tempo is a two-fourths beat and 100 metronomes and
that it should last 53 seconds.

18. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
The Act of the Declaration of Independence was prepared, written, and read
by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista in Spanish. The Declaration was signed by 98 people
Aguinaldo issued several important decrees reorganizing the government in the
liberated provinces: the decree of June 18 reorganized municipalities and provinces,
through the election of Popular Assemblies, whose heads the town chiefs then elected
the provincial councils. The decree also provided for the election of delegates to the
Revolutionary Congress by the town chiefs.
August 1, 1898, town officials assembled at Bacoor, then the seat of the
Revolutionary government, and ratified the newly proclaimed Philippine
independence.

19. STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE
The declaration was never
recognized by either the United
States or Spain.
Later in 1898, Spain ceded the
Philippines to the United States in
the 1898 Treaty of Paris that ended
the Spanish-American War.

20. 1898 TREATY OF PARIS
The Treaty of Paris of 1898, 30 Stat. 1754, was an agreement made in 1898 that
resulted in the Spanish Empire's surrendering control of Cuba and ceding Puerto Rico,
parts of the Spanish West Indies, the island of Guam, and the Philippines to
the United States.
The cession of the Philippines involved a payment of $20 million from the United
States to the Spanish Empire.
The treaty was signed on December 10, 1898, and ended the Spanish-American
War.
The Treaty of Paris signaled the end of the Spanish Empire in the Americas and
the Pacific Islands, and it marked the beginning of the age of the United States as a
world power.

21. THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT
OF EMILIO AGUINALDO
June 23 1898 – January 21 1899
MITRA, KARYLL ANN G

22. THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT
The Revolutionary Government is another
government established by Gen. Emilio
Aguinaldo on the 23rd day of June in the
year 1898; replacing the dictatorial
government.
This government aims to struggle for the
Philippine independence until the foreign
countries including Spain will recognized the
Philippines. It also aims for the future
establishment of the real republic.

23. THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT
change of government from Dictatorial to
Revolutionary
change of the Executive title from Dictator to
President
establishment of four major departments
including that of foreign affairs, navy and
commerce
war and public works
agriculture and manufacture industries
appointment of delegates to the Revolutionary
Congress from the non-liberated provinces
creation of the Executive Board of the
Revolutionary Committee at Hong Kong
On June 20, Aguinaldo issued a decree organizing the judiciary, and on June
23, again upon Mabini’s advice, major changes were promulgated and
implemented:

24. THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT
As Mabini envisioned it, the Revolutionary Congress created by the June 18 decree
had several aims: to promote the interest of the Filipinos through the passage of
relevant laws and to serve as the Executive’s advisory body.
On September 15 Aguinaldo formally opened the revolutionary congress at the
church of Barasoain in Malolos.
Later the representatives elected their officers:
PRESIDENT: Pedro Paterno
VICE-PRESIDENT: Benito Legarda
FIRST SECRETARY: Gregorio Araneta
SECOND SECRETARY: Pablo Ocampo

25. THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT
It was not long after their first convening that the Malolos Representatives ran into conflict
with Mabini, who believed that the times demanded not the writing of a supreme law, which
required the luxury of time, but an executive made strong by congressional support.
In the end Congress prevailed over Mabini, and began their constitutional work.
There were three draft constitutions presented by:
- Pedro Paterno
- Apolinario Mabini
-Felipe Calderon
Calderon’s draft, influenced by constitutions of various South American nations, was eventually
chosen.