2. Eyes:
 Blinking or corneal reflex-newborn blinks at sudden
approach of bright light or at approach of object
towards the cornea;persists throughout life
 Pupillary-pupil constricts when bright light shines
towards it,persists throughout life
 Dolls eye-as head is moved slightly towards right or
left,eyes lag behind and do not immediately adjust to
new position of head ;disappears as fixation
develops;if persists indicates neurologic damage

3. Nose:
 Sneeze-nasal passage respond spontaneously to
irritation or obstruction:persists throughout life
 Glabellar-tapping briskly on glabella causes eyes to
close tightly

4. Mouth and throat:
 Sucking-infant begins strong sucking movements of
the circumoral area in response to stimulation:persists
throughout infancy evenwithout stimulation,such as
during sleep
 Gag-stimulation of posterior paharynx by food
,suction or passage of tube causes infant to
gag,persists throughout life
 Rooting-touching or stroking cheek along the side of
the mouth causes infant to turn the head towards that
side and begin to suck;should disappear by 3-4 mo,but
may persists upto 12mo

5.  Extrusion-when tongue is touched or depressed infant
responds by forcing it outward,disappears by age of
4mo
 Yawn-spontaneous reponse to decreased oxygenation
by increasing amount of inspired air;persists
throughout life
 Cough-irritation of mucus membrane of larynx or
tracheo bronchial tree causes coughing;persists
throughout life;usually present after first day of life

6. Extremities
 Grasp-touching palms or soles near base of digits
causes flexion of hands and toes;palmar grasp lessons
after age 3mo,to be replaced by voluntary
movement,;plantar grasp lessens by 8mo
 Babinski-stoking outer sole of the foot upward from
heel and across ball of foot causes toes to hyperextend
and hallux to dorsiflex ,disappears by 1yr
 Ankle clonus-briskly dorsiflexing foot while
supporting knee in partially flexed position results in
1-2 oscillating movements (beats);eventually no beats
shoould be felt

7. moro
 Sudden jarring or change in equilibrium causes
sudden extension and abduction of extremities and
fanning of fingers ,with index finger and thumb
forming c shape;followed by flexion and adduction of
extremities;legs may weakly flex,infant may
cry,disappears by 3-4 mo,usually strongest during first
2mo

8. startle
 Sudden loud noise causes abduction of arms with
flexion of elbows ;hands remain clenched ,disappears
by age 4mo

9. Perez-
 While infant is prone on firm surface and and thumb
is pressed along spine from sacrum to neck,infant
responds by crying,flexing extremities ,elevating pelvis
and head ;lordosis of spine ,defecation and urination
may occur,disappears by age 4-5mo

10. Assymetric tonic neck
 When infants head is turned to one side,arm and leg
extend on that side ,and opposite arm and leg
flex,disappears by age 3-4mo to be replaced by
symmetric positioning of both sides of the body

11. Trunk incurvation(galant)
 Stroking infants back alongside spine causes hips to
move toward sstimulated side ,disappears by age of
4weks

12. Dance or step
 If infant is held so that the sole of the foot touches a
hard surface ,there is reciprocal flexion and extension
of legs ,simulating walking,;disappears by after 3-
4wk,to be replaced by deliberate movement

13. crawl
 When placed on abdomen infant makes crwling
movements with arms and legs,dissapers by 6wk

14. placing
 When infant is held upright under arms and dorsal
side of the foot is briskly placed against hard object
such as table ,leg lifts as if foot is stepping on table,age
of disappearnce varies