Parking requirements

1. The Perplex of Parking Requirements: Standardization versus Customization 8th International Architectural ConferenceArchitecture & Built Environment Contemporary Issues13-15 April 2010 – Department of Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University – Egypt

2. Motivation, Aim & Objectives, Scope and Limitations and Methods Comparative Analysis: 4 Case Studies – The Egyptian Code What might affect determining parking requirements for a development or building? Exploring innovative solutions to keep parking demand at its minimal rate Results and Arguments Guidelines to fulfill parking requirements in an existing development Architecture & Built Environment Contemporary Issues Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef Dr. Salwa Abdel-Rahman Megahed KAU, Jeddah, KSA Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt 13-15 April 2010 , Assiut University – Egypt Slide 2of 27 Paper Organization For the aim of the work to be attained, the paper, as well as the presentation, is divided into 6 parts: PaperOrganization Introduction 1- Introduction Motivation - Methods The perplex of Parking Standards 2- The Perplex of Parking Requirements Key Determinants of Parking Standards 3- Key Determinants of Parking Requirements Innovative Parking Alternatives 4- Innovative Parking Alternatives Discussion 5- Discussion: Results - Arguments 6- Guidelines Existing Development Guidelines

3. Architecture & Built Environment Contemporary Issues Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef Dr. Salwa Abdel-Rahman Megahed KAU, Jeddah, KSA Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt 13-15 April 2010 , Assiut University – Egypt Slide 3of 27 1- Introduction ‘Standardization’is .. “The process of developing and agreeing upon technical standards”. A ‘standard’ is .. “a document that establishes uniform engineering or technical specifications, criteria, methods, processes, or practices”. The aim is to provide generic specifications that help architects and planners with independence. On the contrary, ‘customization’ or ‘personalization’ is often based on specific, local or user-oriented inputs. The issue is to ensure that users have the ability to modify these specifications according to the local context. 1- Introduction Motivation - Methods 2- The Perplex of Parking Requirements 3- Key Determinants of Parking Requirements 4- Innovative Parking Alternatives 5- Discussion: Results - Arguments 6- Guidelines Existing Development

4. Architecture & Built Environment Contemporary Issues Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef Dr. Salwa Abdel-Rahman Megahed KAU, Jeddah, KSA Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt 13-15 April 2010 , Assiut University – Egypt Slide 4of 27 1- Introduction In architecture, efforts to standardize the data architects need, in the form of generic specifications, have been done. The result is thousands of data resources sometimes referred to as ‘building standards’, ‘designreference standards’, ‘building codes’, and ‘standards’ for specific utility buildings or facility types. 1- Introduction Motivation - Methods 2- The Perplex of Parking Requirements 3- Key Determinants of Parking Requirements 4- Innovative Parking Alternatives 5- Discussion: Results - Arguments 6- Guidelines Existing Development

10. In AssiutNewCity, the Egyptian Code is applied; without regard for the low car ownership rate, the dwellingarea, the economictaxonomy, and the availability of publictransportation.1- Introduction Motivation - Methods 2- The Perplex of Parking Requirements 3- Key Determinants of Parking Requirements 4- Innovative Parking Alternatives 5- Discussion: Results - Arguments 6- Guidelines Existing Development

12. Consuming land.

13. Threaten the ‘greeninfrastructure’ needed for environmentalbalance. 4- Innovative Parking Alternatives 5- Discussion: Results - Arguments 6- Guidelines Existing Development

15. Identifying the keydeterminants of parking demand;

17. 1-3 Scope and Limitation: What does the paper focus on? Architecture & Built Environment Contemporary Issues Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef Dr. Salwa Abdel-Rahman Megahed KAU, Jeddah, KSA Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt 13-15 April 2010 , Assiut University – Egypt Slide 10of 27 1- Introduction The subject area of parking standards embraces numerous issues including: parking space dimensions, amount of spaces, loading requirements, services, materials, maintenance and protection, lighting, signs, and environmental protection. 1- Introduction Motivation - Methods Also, this subject area appears to stand in a middle way between planning and architecture, since parking standards can be applied at widespread scales; from a single building or utility to a district or city center. Further, the issue can be applied to identify parking requirements in existing developments or new ones. 2- The Perplex of Parking Requirements 3- Key Determinants of Parking Requirements 4- Innovative Parking Alternatives In this paper, the scope or research is limited to studying the amount of parking spaces needed for an existingdevelopment; while parking demands in new ones remain the subject of another research work. 5- Discussion: Results - Arguments 6- Guidelines Existing Development

18. Architecture & Built Environment Contemporary Issues Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef Dr. Salwa Abdel-Rahman Megahed KAU, Jeddah, KSA Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt 13-15 April 2010 , Assiut University – Egypt Slide 11of 27 2- The Perplex of Parking Standards To be conscious of the Perplex of parking standards, 4 selected US case studied together with the Egyptian code are analyzed. These case studies include: The City of Raytown, Missouri; HallCounty, Georgia; Bloomington, Minnesota; and EagleCounty, Colorado. 1- Introduction Motivation - Methods 2- The Perplex of Parking Requirements 3- Key Determinants of Parking Requirements 4- Innovative Parking Alternatives 5- Discussion: Results - Arguments 6- Guidelines Existing Development

32. Architecture & Built Environment Contemporary Issues Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef Dr. Salwa Abdel-Rahman Megahed KAU, Jeddah, KSA Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt 13-15 April 2010 , Assiut University – Egypt Slide 24of 27 6- Guidelines to Fulfill Parking Requirements 1- Introduction Motivation - Methods 2- The Perplex of Parking Requirements 3- Key Determinants of Parking Requirements 4- Innovative Parking Alternatives 5- Discussion: Results - Arguments 6- Guidelines Existing Development City of Toronto, Canada City of Austin, Texas

33. Architecture & Built Environment Contemporary Issues Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef Dr. Salwa Abdel-Rahman Megahed KAU, Jeddah, KSA Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt 13-15 April 2010 , Assiut University – Egypt Slide 25of 27 6- Guidelines to Fulfill Parking Requirements Step 2: Exploring the Potential of Innovative Alternatives to Reduce Parking Demand As argued before, the balance between the ‘standardization’ and ‘customization’ of parking requirements can be achieved via adopting one or more of the innovative alternatives that have the potential to reduce parking demand. The concept is to exploit these alternatives in the light of sensitiveanalysis of the local context. More importantly, parking requirements for an existingdevelopment should not be fulfilled in isolation, in order not to miss the advantages of innovativealternatives such as, sharedparking and off-site parking locations. The output expected from this step is a number of actions proposed to reducedemand and minimize deficiency. 1- Introduction Motivation - Methods 2- The Perplex of Parking Requirements 3- Key Determinants of Parking Requirements 4- Innovative Parking Alternatives 5- Discussion: Results - Arguments 6- Guidelines Existing Development

34. Architecture & Built Environment Contemporary Issues Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef Dr. Salwa Abdel-Rahman Megahed KAU, Jeddah, KSA Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt 13-15 April 2010 , Assiut University – Egypt Slide 26of 27 6- Guidelines to Fulfill Parking Requirements Step 3: Assessing Proposals and Assigning Priorities In this step, the proposed actions are to be tested, refined, classified and assessed. Further, aims are to be finalized and ways of monitoring are to be worked out. The actions expected from this step can be primarily classified into three main categories. The firstcategory contains the actions that aim at raising the capacity of the development of building to minimize deficiency, at architectural level. At the planninglevel, the secondcategory is expected to involve the actions that are taken; exploiting the alternatives of parking at off-site locations, use of pedestrians’ areas at off-peak times and re-designation of on-street parking areas. At last, the thirdcategory appears to involve actions that can be taken by officialbodies and localauthorities; enabling the opportunities offered by the alternatives of integrating walking, biking and mass transportation, parking pricing and the proposal of no ‘Re-parking’ zones. 1- Introduction Motivation - Methods 2- The Perplex of Parking Requirements 3- Key Determinants of Parking Requirements 4- Innovative Parking Alternatives 5- Discussion: Results - Arguments 6- Guidelines Existing Development

35. Thanks for Attention !!