This Presentation is about how to make a web that suit for some individuals. Also about Flexibility in use, Universal Desing and software that help students to interact or study even covid-19 happen. Hope give you some idea about this chapter

1. DFP30033
Human Computer Interaction
PN. MONA BINTI AZIZAN
AFIQ IQBAL BIN SHARULNIZAM 01DDT19F1081
MOHAMAD AMIRUL AMIN BIN MOHD NAZLI 01DDT19F1080
KHAIRUL AIDID BIN MAT RASBI 01DDT19F1087
MUHAMMAD ASHRAF BIN ABD WAHADI 01DDT19F1094

2. Question A
(A) The World Wide Web has rapidly become the dominant Internet tool, combining hypertext and multimedia to provide a network of educational,
governmental, and commercial resources.
To create resources that can be used by the widest spectrum of potential website visitors rather than an idealized average, webmasters can apply
universal design principles. This requires that they consider the needs of individuals with disabilities, older persons, people for whom English is a second
language, and those using outdated hardware and software. They should routinely think of the broad range of characteristics their site visitors might have
and design it to make their resources accessible to everyone
GIANT Malaysia were aware that their website was not designed to be as accessible and usable to all users especially for disabilities user. Building web
content that is consistent, accessible, and usable can be a challenge for web development teams. You and your team as a web design/web content must
consider adopting standards or guidelines to develop the web.
1) Explains 5 important aspects to get started designing accessible web pages
2) Propose a technology that can make your web accessible to people with a wide range of abilities and disabilities as below:
a) Blind people
b) Hearing impairments
c) Mobility impairment

3. 5 important aspects to get started designing
accessible web pages
1. Allow Users to Enlarge Font Sizes

4. 2.Keep Contrast Sensitivity in Mind
Along with text size, think about color and contrast.
People with vision impairments such as cataract have low color
contrast sensitivity.

5. 3.Avoid Using Placeholder Text in Forms

6. 4. Provide controls for content that starts automatically
Provide visible controls to allow users to stop any animations or auto-playing
sound. This applies to
carousels, image sliders, background sound, and videos.

7. 5.Use headings and spacing to group related content
Use whitespace and proximity to make relationships between content
more apparent. Style headings to group
content, reduce clutter, and make it easier to scan and understand.

8. Propose a technology that can make your web
accessible to people with a wide range of
abilities and disabilities as below:
a) Blind people
• Provide the voice and sound system
b) Hearing impairments
• Provide a video tutorial and put the subtitle in the video
c) Mobility impairment
• Provide the voice system

9. Question b( Flexibility in use )principle 2
"When all users' needs are taken into consideration in the initial design
process, the result is a product that can be used by the broadest spectrum
of users."Justify about above statement and give ONE example of applying
a Universal Design approach which is ‘flexibility in use’ when designing :
tools, software,hardware, workspace and etc.

10. Flexibility in use
The design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences
and abilities.
• It provides choice in methods of use.
• It accommodates right or left handed access and use.
• It facilitates the user’s accuracy and precision.
• It provides adaptability to the user’s pace.

11. Example flexibility in use
(tools,hardware,software and workplace)
Example a hybrid tablet that also functions as a laptop.
• It runs anywhere
• It works well with others
• It doesn’t hold you back
• It can use tools

12. Question c
Universal Design has been mistakenly described as the search for a one-size-fits-all design
or “Universal Design is not just about 'one size fits all'.” Describe about this statement to
make sure designers should strive to create a design that does not exclude or segregate all
the user.

13. Universal Design..
What is Universal Design is one size fits all
• "One size fits all" is a description for a product that would fit in all instances. The term has been extended to mean
one style or procedure would fit in all related applications. It is an alternative for "Not everyone fits the mold ".It has
been in use for over 5 decades.

14. Universal Design 'one size fits all'
Example of One Size fits all ..
Here are some of the design trade-offs one is usually called on to address:
• Visitors would like to enjoy personalized experiences tailored to their culture, age, interests and
previous experiences.
• ICT people may propose enhancing visitor’s experience through new technologies, such as
wireless sensors, augmented reality devices, interactive displays.
• Novel technologies may offer personalized experiences, but they may also require access to
the Internet and localization features that cannot be available everywhere.

15. Universal Design is not just about 'one size fits all'
Universal Design has been mistakenly described as the search for a one-size-fits-all
design. Universal Design does encourage designers to consider the wide-ranging abilities
of their users. And where possible, an optimal design that caters for as many people as
possible should be sought after. But a more universal solution can also incorporate, for
example, customisable features that can be adapted from user to user, smart features that
learn a user's preferences after multiple uses (most relevant to ICT), and specialised
solutions to meet particular needs.
The aim is to provide the same (or equivalent) experiences, activities and services to
everyone. It is accepted that these may have to be provided through slightly different
routes or interfaces, but designers should strive to create a design that does not exclude
or segregate.

16. Universal Design is not just about 'one size fits all'
Example of Not one size fits all
• For example, when installing a handle on a door, it is always better to opt
for a lever handle, rather than a door knob, as the lever handle can be
opened using the elbow or a closed fist, benefiting people carrying
shopping bags as well as people with limited strength in their hands.

17. Question d
(d) Explain the learning environment in Figure 1 that could offer a way to
meaningfully participate in the social aspects of learning nowadays.

18. The virtual through online engagement will show that students who were motivated to
achieve success in a traditional setting are also the most adaptable to the virtual
environment.
Students who had been unfamiliar with the virtual course environment may prefer the new
approaches to learning and the dissemination of material.
Through online discussion forums, students can work with peers and their instructor to
address concerns, furthering engagement.
Homework, group assignments, and research assignments may also be enhanced in the
online environment if the course is built with careful attention directed towards desired
outcomes.
During this period of transition, students seem to perform best in the online setting when
traditional class methods are simulated.

19. Face-to-face learning is an instructional method where course content and learning material
are taught in person to a group of students.
This allows for a live interaction between a learner and an instructor. It is the most
traditional type of learning instruction.
Face-to-face learning :
Ensures a better understanding and recollection of lesson content and gives class members a
chance to bond with one another.
is essentially a teacher-centered method of education, and tends to vary widely among
cultures.
Many modern education systems have largely shifted away from traditional face-to-face
forms of educational instruction, in favor of individual students’ needs.