1.
Illegal Immigration

2.
Syllabus Content <ul><li>Using case studies look at examples of economic, social, refugee and illegal movements. </li></ul><ul><li>Based on the above describe and explain how they are changing in terms of destination, numbers involved, characteristics (e.g., age, sex, wealth) of migrants. Attitudes of e.g. governments to migration. </li></ul>

3.
Syllabus Content <ul><li>Definition of multi-cultural and evidence for a multi-cultural society. Recognition that issue involves at least two viewpoints. Discussion of economic and social issues e.g., jobs, housing, education, cultural elements. </li></ul><ul><li>Attitudes of host, ethnic and country of origin groups to the above issues (should be case study based where possible). </li></ul>

4.
Case Study <ul><li>Mexico to U.S.A </li></ul><ul><ul><li>American Government has strong policy on immigration so the majority of immigration is illegal </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Heavily guarded but large borders, so immigrants still stand a chance </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Various possible routes </li></ul></ul>

5.
Mexico To U.S.A <ul><li>The map to the right shows the main migration routes </li></ul><ul><li>Many sneak across the border at night, or concealed in trucks </li></ul><ul><li>Immigrants can come in with drug shipments via the Gulf of Mexico </li></ul>

6.
Mexico To U.S.A. High Living Standards Poor Wages Education Prospects Low Literacy Rates Lots Of Jobs Difficult Jobs Large Houses Low Living Standards Pull Factors Push Factors

7.
Patterns And Changes Over Time <ul><li>Fewer attempt immigration into the U.S.A: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Mexico is developing, better standards of living </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Stronger anti-immigrant protection </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Introduction of NAFTA, making Mexico better off </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Agreements meaning the Mexican Government helps the U.S. Government stop illegal immigration </li></ul></ul>

8.
Patterns And Changes Over Time <ul><li>Majority head for southern states, as shown to the left </li></ul><ul><li>Immigration to U.S. has slowed, probably replaced by migration to Mexico City, where people can earn a decent wage and gain an education </li></ul>

9.
The “Typical Illegal Mexican Migrant” <ul><li>Male </li></ul><ul><li>Farm Worker </li></ul><ul><li>Young </li></ul><ul><li>Large family </li></ul><ul><li>Uneducated </li></ul><ul><li>Poor </li></ul>

10.
American vs Mexican <ul><li>Jobs taken by immigrants </li></ul><ul><li>Different Culture </li></ul><ul><li>Share undeservedly in GDP </li></ul><ul><li>Lack of English Skills makes communication difficult </li></ul><ul><li>Higher Quality of Life </li></ul><ul><li>Opportunity to send money home </li></ul><ul><li>Chance of an education </li></ul><ul><li>Comparatively low risk </li></ul>

11.
Case Study <ul><li>Eastern Europe to U.K. </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Weak immigrations policy, but being improved constantly </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Not particularly strong defence of borders </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Various possible routes </li></ul></ul>

12.
Europe To U.K. <ul><li>The map to the left shows the main migration routes </li></ul><ul><li>Can come through the Channel Tunnel, or alone/in small groups on boats </li></ul>

13.
Europe To U.K. High Living Standards Poor Wages Good Education Farming-Based Economy Job Prospects Lower Literacy Rates High Quality City Houses Government Pull Factors Push Factors

14.
Patterns And Changes Over Time <ul><li>More attempt immigration into the U.K.: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>EU expansion makes European travel easier </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Lack of anti-immigrant protection </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Economic boom in U.K. means job prospects are higher than ever </li></ul></ul>

15.
Patterns And Changes Over Time <ul><li>According to statistics, most illegal immigrants from Eastern Europe try to end up in cities, where job prospects are best </li></ul><ul><li>430,000 (0.7% of population) estimated number of illegal immigrants each year </li></ul><ul><li>Bradford and Birmingham are popular destinations </li></ul>

16.
The “Typical Illegal Eastern European Migrant” <ul><li>Male </li></ul><ul><li>Manual Worker </li></ul><ul><li>Variable Age </li></ul><ul><li>Uneducated </li></ul><ul><li>Poorly paid job </li></ul><ul><li>Country dweller </li></ul>

17.
British vs Eastern European <ul><li>Jobs taken by immigrants </li></ul><ul><li>Bring drugs and prostitution </li></ul><ul><li>Problems with integration </li></ul><ul><li>Links to terrorism? </li></ul><ul><li>Different religion </li></ul><ul><li>Higher Quality of Life </li></ul><ul><li>Opportunity to send money home to support family </li></ul><ul><li>Chance of a better education than home country </li></ul><ul><li>Comparatively low risk </li></ul><ul><li>Support from fellow EU country </li></ul>

18.
Further Problems <ul><li>Immigrants may be exploited </li></ul><ul><li>Rules can be avoided by marrying, which can be paid for, increasingly a problem </li></ul><ul><li>Citizenship Test encourages more people to go illegal </li></ul><ul><li>Dangerous – 58 Chinese Immigrants died in 2000 in the back of a lorry, in February about 20 died cockle picking in Morecambe Bay </li></ul>