How Spotify Builds Products (Organization. Architecture, Autonomy, Accountability)
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This was an extended version of the talk that I gave at InfoShare 2016 in GDansk. This version of the talk was presented at ao.com and Think Money in Manchester UK in May 2016. This is a remix of several earlier talks and some new content to tie Spotify's autonomy and continuous improvement culture to it's data-driven product development approach to show the complete picture. As usual, I tend to talk to slides instead of putting a lot of the content into the slides themselves, so sorry if these don't have all the info.
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How Spotify Builds Products (Organization. Architecture, Autonomy, Accountability)
- 1. Organization and Architecture, Autonomy and Accountability Kevin Goldsmith VP Engineering - Consumer @kevingoldsmith
- 2. How Spotify Builds Products Kevin Goldsmith VP Engineering - Consumer @kevingoldsmith
- 3. How Spotify Builds Products (Manchester Remix) Kevin Goldsmith VP Engineering - Consumer @kevingoldsmith
- 5. Speed of iteration beats quality of iteration - optimizing for speed leads to faster learning, including from failures, and faster learning leads to higher quality; optimizing for quality is an obstacle to speed, which undermines learning and slows down improvements to quality. Spotify Company Belief
- 8. Speed without data means you aren’t learning
- 9. Data without speed means you aren’t learning fast enough
- 11. How many teams?
- 13. >100Teams
- 15. Autonomous adjective au·ton·o·mous - ȯ-ˈtä-nə-məs (of a country or region) having the freedom to govern itself or control its own affairs. "the federation included sixteen autonomous republics" having the freedom to act independently. "school governors are legally autonomous" synonyms: self-governing, independent, sovereign, free, self-ruling, self-determining, autarchic; self-sufficient "an autonomous republic" Full-Stack Autonomous Teams (Squads) PO UX iOS Android K&M QA Backend Agile Coach
- 16. Full-Stack Autonomous Teams PO UX iOS Android K&M QA Backend Agile Coach Fully empowered to fulfill their mission
- 17. Full-Stack Autonomous Teams PO UX iOS Android K&M QA Backend Agile Coach Collective Responsibility
- 18. Full-Stack Autonomous Teams PO UX iOS Android K&M QA Backend Agile Coach Individual Accountability
- 19. Full-Stack Autonomous Teams PO UX iOS Android K&M QA Backend Agile Coach No Manager?
- 23. Chapter Lead
- 24. Chapter Lead
- 25. Chapter Lead
- 26. Chapter Lead
- 29. Product Owner Agile Coach Chapter Lead Chapter Lead
- 30. Product Owner Agile Coach Chapter Lead Chapter Lead POCLAC
- 32. Squads
- 33. Squads
- 35. Squads Chapters
- 37. Tribe Squads Chapters Ideal size: 40-150 people
- 44. Design Leads
- 45. Trio TrioTrio
- 46. Guild
- 47. Trio TrioTrio
- 48. Alliance
- 49. Alliance
- 53. Velocity is a core value at Spotify
- 54. Our organizational model supports ourvalues
- 55. Our organizational model supports ourvalues Not the otherway around
- 61. If you can’t trust the people you hire, you are bad at hiring people.
- 62. So
- 64. by giving teams context and trust
- 65. by giving teams context and trust and reducing dependencies on otherteams
- 66. by giving teams context and trust and reducing dependencies on otherteams they can make decisions on their own
- 67. by giving teams context and trust and reducing dependencies on otherteams they become AUTONOMOUS! they can make decisions on their own
- 68. Autonomous teams don’t have to synchronize with otherteams as often or get approval on decisions.
- 69. Autonomous teams don’t have to synchronize with otherteams as often or get approval on decisions. They can go faster.
- 72. I'm not joking here. I can lock a tribe lead in a room and ask them repeatedly "so what squads do you have", and not get clear answers. It isn't a case of "it's hard to collect the information and keep it up to date" – it is a case of the wave-form of org-quantas not collapsing into reality until they are observed, and sometimes not even then. It's Schrödinger's squads, where sometimes the cat escaped before going in the box and sometimes the box gets stolen before opened. Mikael Krantz, Spotify Chief Architect
- 73. It is better to solve the problems created by fluidity rather than imposing more structure.
- 74. It is better to solve the problems created by fluidity rather than imposing more structure. Minimum Viable Bureaucracy
- 75. =Autonomy
- 76. =Autonomy Chaos?
- 77. =Autonomy Chaos?
- 80. How do we prevent the chaos?
- 81. What / Why
- 82. What / Why
- 83. What / Why How
- 84. What / Why How
- 87. Investment Investment Time Think it Build it Ship it Tweak it
- 88. Investment Investment Time Think it Build it Ship it Tweak it
- 89. Investment Investment Time Think it Build it Ship it Tweak it
- 90. Investment Investment Time Think it Build it Ship it Tweak it Paper Prototypes UI Mockups User Testing MVP Employee Testing Gradual Rollout A/B Testing User Testing Analytics Validation A/B Testing User Testing Analytics ValidationBeta Testing
- 91. That is still a lot of full- stack teams building the product!
- 92. Full-stack autonomous teams Requires structuring your application in loosely coupled parts
- 93. Microservices!
- 98. LoadBallancer
- 102. Microservices yay! Easierto scale based on real-world bottlenecks
- 106. Microservices yay! Can be versioned independently
- 108. Microservices yay! Are less susceptible to large failures
- 110. Microservices boo! are harderto monitor
- 111. Microservices boo! need good documentation / discoverytools
- 113. Microservices boo! create increased latency
- 117. Microservices @ Spotify ‣ 810activeservices
- 118. Microservices @ Spotify ‣ 810activeservices ‣ ~10Systemspersquad
- 119. Microservices @ Spotify ‣ 810activeservices ‣ ~10Systemspersquad ‣ ~1.7Systemsperpersonwithaccessto productionservers
- 120. Microservices @ Spotify ‣ 810activeservices ‣ ~10Systemspersquad ‣ ~1.7Systemsperpersonwithaccessto productionservers ‣ ~1.15Systemspermemberof Technology
- 122. Microservices @ Spotify ‣ Owned/Operatedbysquads
- 123. Microservices @ Spotify ‣ Owned/Operatedbysquads ‣ On-callusuallyownedbychapters
- 124. Microservices @ Spotify ‣ Owned/Operatedbysquads ‣ On-callusuallyownedbychapters ‣ Significanttoolingcreatedby infrastructuretosimplifybuilding/ supporting
- 125. Microservices @ Spotify ‣ Owned/Operatedbysquads ‣ On-callusuallyownedbychapters ‣ Significanttoolingcreatedby infrastructuretosimplifybuilding/ supporting ‣ ArchitectureReviewsencouraged
- 126. Microservices @ Spotify ‣ Owned/Operatedbysquads ‣ On-callusuallyownedbychapters ‣ Significanttoolingcreatedby infrastructuretosimplifybuilding/ supporting ‣ ArchitectureReviewsencouraged ‣ SecurityReviewsrequired
- 127. Client
- 128. Server Core Library Platform Platform Platform Platform Infrastructure
- 129. Server Core Library Platform Platform Platform Platform Infrastructure
- 130. Server Core Library Platform Platform Platform Platform Infrastructure
- 131. Server Core Library Platform Platform Platform Platform Infrastructure
- 132. Server Core Library Platform Platform Platform Platform Infrastructure
- 133. Server Core Library Platform Platform Platform Platform Infrastructure
- 134. Challenges
- 137. Challenges Synchronization Client UX implementation depends on
- 138. Challenges Synchronization Client UX implementation Core Library Implementation depends on
- 139. Challenges Synchronization Client UX implementation Core Library Implementation depends on depends on
- 140. Challenges Synchronization Client UX implementation Core Library Implementation depends on depends on Server Implementation
- 141. Challenges Synchronization Client UX implementation Core Library Implementation depends on depends on depends onServer Implementation
- 142. Challenges Synchronization Client UX implementation Core Library Implementation depends on depends on depends onServer Implementation Infrastructure Implementation
- 145. Server Core Library Platform Platform Platform Platform Infrastructure
- 146. Shared Frameworks
- 151. Shared Frameworks FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam App Release Team UI Interface Guidelines
- 152. Shared Frameworks FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam App Release Team Common UI Components UI Interface Guidelines
- 153. Shared Frameworks FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam App Release Team Common UI Components UI Interface Guidelines SharedTesting Frameworks
- 156. Shared Frameworks FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam App Release TeamUI Consistency Validation
- 157. Shared Frameworks FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam App Release Team IntegrationTesting UI Consistency Validation
- 158. Shared Frameworks FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam App Release Team IntegrationTesting App Submittal UI Consistency Validation
- 160. Shared Frameworks FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam App Release Team Shared DevelopmentTree
- 161. Shared Frameworks FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam FeatureTeam App Release Team Shared DevelopmentTree Best Practice Sharing
- 162. Shipping @ speed
- 163. Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Development Stabilization Beta 1 Beta 2 Release
- 165. Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Development Stabilization Beta 1 Beta 2 Release
- 166. Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Development Stabilization Beta 1 Beta 2 Release Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Stabilization Beta 1 Beta 2 Release Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 We Development Sta Beta 1 Bet
- 167. 4 Weeks Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Development Stabilization Beta 1 Beta 2 Release Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Stabilization Beta 1 Beta 2 Release Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 We Development Sta Beta 1 Bet
- 168. 4 Weeks Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Development Stabilization Beta 1 Beta 2 Release Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Stabilization Beta 1 Beta 2 Release Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 We Development Sta Beta 1 Bet 12 releases / year
- 169. Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Development Stabilization Beta Release Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Development Stabilization Beta Release Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Development Stabilization Beta Release Week 1 Wee Development Week 4 Stabilization Release
- 170. 3 Weeks 3 Weeks3 Weeks Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Development Stabilization Beta Release Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Development Stabilization Beta Release Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Development Stabilization Beta Release Week 1 Wee Development Week 4 Stabilization Release
- 171. 3 Weeks 3 Weeks3 Weeks Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Development Stabilization Beta Release Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Development Stabilization Beta Release Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Development Stabilization Beta Release Week 1 Wee Development Week 4 Stabilization Release 17 releases / year
- 172. Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Development Stabilization Beta Release Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Development Stabilization Beta Release Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Development Stabilization Beta Release Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Development Stabilization Beta Release Week 1 Week 2 We Development St Be
- 173. Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Development Stabilization Beta Release Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Development Stabilization Beta Release Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Development Stabilization Beta Release Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Development Stabilization Beta Release Week 1 Week 2 We Development St Be 2 Weeks 2 Weeks 2 Weeks 2 Weeks 2 Weeks
- 174. Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Development Stabilization Beta Release Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Development Stabilization Beta Release Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Development Stabilization Beta Release Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Development Stabilization Beta Release Week 1 Week 2 We Development St Be 2 Weeks 2 Weeks 2 Weeks 2 Weeks 2 Weeks
- 175. Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Development Stabilization Beta Release Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Development Stabilization Beta Release Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Development Stabilization Beta Release Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Development Stabilization Beta Release Week 1 Week 2 We Development St Be 2 Weeks 2 Weeks 2 Weeks 2 Weeks 2 Weeks 26 releases / year
- 177. Big Projects
- 179. Big Projects ‣ Autonomousteamsmakescoordination difficult ‣ Nofull-timeprojectmanagersin technologyorganization
- 180. Big Projects ‣ Autonomousteamsmakescoordination difficult ‣ Nofull-timeprojectmanagersin technologyorganization ‣ Veryunevenexecutionrecord
- 181. Big Projects ‣ Autonomousteamsmakescoordination difficult ‣ Nofull-timeprojectmanagersin technologyorganization ‣ Veryunevenexecutionrecord ‣ Gotintosomebadanti-patterns
- 183. Growing Senior Leaders ‣ Tribeleadshavepeoplemanagement, strategyanddeliveryresponsibility
- 184. Growing Senior Leaders ‣ Tribeleadshavepeoplemanagement, strategyanddeliveryresponsibility ‣ ChapterLeadshavepeople managementresponsibilityandoperate inhighlyconsensus-driventeams
- 185. Resource Efficiency
- 187. Resource Efficiency ‣ Autonomousteamsareresourcehungry becausetheyneedtobeself-sufficient ‣ Teamscangetfocusedonimproving thingswithintheirsphereofcontrol, ignoringlargerissues
- 188. So…
- 191. So… ‣ Wewanttolearnfasterthanourcompetition ‣ Usingdatatovalidateourideashelpsusmakegooddecisionswhilegoingfast ‣ Autonomousteamshelpusgofaster
- 192. So… ‣ Wewanttolearnfasterthanourcompetition ‣ Usingdatatovalidateourideashelpsusmakegooddecisionswhilegoingfast ‣ Autonomousteamshelpusgofaster ‣ Looselycoupledarchitectureshelpautonomousteamsworkwithoutcoordination bottlenecks
- 193. So… ‣ Wewanttolearnfasterthanourcompetition ‣ Usingdatatovalidateourideashelpsusmakegooddecisionswhilegoingfast ‣ Autonomousteamshelpusgofaster ‣ Looselycoupledarchitectureshelpautonomousteamsworkwithoutcoordination bottlenecks ‣ Reducingtimebetweenreleasesincreaseslearningopportunities