this ppt covered classification and ointment base.

1. Submitted to
Sonia Zaman
Senior lecturer
Department of pharmacy
Southeast university
Submitted by
Tania akter
2016000300007
Batch: 27
Section: A

3. Semisolids are the topical dosage form used for the
therapeutic, protective or cosmetic function. They may be
applied to the skin or used nasally, vaginally or rectally.
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4. Ointments
Creams
Pastes
Gels
Many more (collodions, Foams, Poultices, Plasters)
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5. Ointments are homogenous, translucent, viscous, semi solid
preparation intended for external application to skin or
mucous membranes. Ointment may be medicated or not.
Applied to mucous membrane or skin.
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6. Viscous semi solid emulsion with opaque appearance as
• Contrasted with translucent ointments
• Consistency depends on whether the cream is W/O or O/W
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7. Contains high percentage of insoluble solid(usually 50% or
more).
Pastes are usually prepared by incorporating solids directly
into a congealed system by levitation with a portion of base
to form paste like mass.
They have good adhesion on skin and less greasy.
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8. Gels are aqueous colloidal system of hydrated forms of
insoluble medicaments.
Used for medication, lubrication and carrier for spermicidal
agents to be used intra vaginally with diaphragm.
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9. Oleaginous bases.
 Absorption bases.
 Water in oil emulsion bases.
 Oil in water emulsion bases.
 Water soluble or water miscible bases
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10. These bases are fats, fixed oils, hydrocarbon or silicones.
They are anhydrous, greasy, non-washable does not absorb
water and occlusive (form a film on skin so it increases the
skin hydration by reducing the rate of loss of surface water.
They should not be applied to infected skin.
They are used as protectants, emollients , vehicles for
hydrolysable drugs.
Example: White Petrolatum, White Ointment
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11. Anhydrous but hydrophilic ointment bases, they can absorb
several times their weight of water to form water-in-oil
emulsion.
They are non-washable, not water soluble
 They used as protectants, emollients (+/-), vehicles for
aqueous solutions, solids, and non-hydrolyzable drugs.
 Example: Hydrophilic Petrolatum, Anhydrous Lanolin,
Aquabase™, Aquaphor®, Polysorb.
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12. These are anhydrous, hydrophilic, absorbs water and non
water removable, with low thermal conductivity and occlusive.
They have the same properties as the absorption bases.
They are used as emollients, cleansing creams, vehicles for
solid, liquid, or non-hydrolysable drugs .
Examples: Cold Cream type, Hydrous Lanolin, Rose Water
Ointment, Hydrocream™, Eucerin®, Nivea®
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13. These bases are anhydrous, water soluble, absorb water and
water washable.
 They are either carbowaxes Polyethylene Glycols (PEGs) or
hydrated gums (bentonite, gelatin, cellulose derivatives).
 They are used as drug vehicles.
Examples: PEG Ointment, Polybase
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14. These bases are anhydrous, water soluble, absorb water and
water washable.
 They are either carbowaxes Polyethylene Glycols (PEGs) or
hydrated gums (bentonite, gelatin, cellulose derivatives).
 They are used as drug vehicles.
 Examples: PEG Ointment, Polybase™
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15. Selection of the Appropriate Base Based on:
 Desired release rate.
Desirability for enhancement of per-cutaneous absorption.
Advisability of occlusion.
Short-term or long-term stability.
Influence of drug on consistency or other features of
ointment base.
Patient factor - dry or weeping (oozing) skin
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