3. 3
What Grid Computing isWhat Grid Computing is
Allows sharing and coordinated use of diverse resources in dynamic,
distributed “virtual organizations”.
Grid computing is a service for sharing computer power and data
storage capacity over the Internet.
4. Web
– Uniform naming access to documents
Grid
- Uniform, high performance access to computational resources
Colleges/R&D
Labs
Software
Catalogs
http://
http://
Web vs. GRID
5. Why Grids?Why Grids?
• Large-scale science and engineering are done through the interaction of
people, heterogeneous computing resources, information systems, and
instruments, all of which are geographically and organizationally
dispersed.
• The overall motivation for “Grids” is to facilitate the interactions of
these resources in order to support large-scale science and Engineering.
• Highly User friendly and mature web tech: No training needed
• Provide access via “The grid “ to remote resources of millions of Pc’s
from any where to any body.
6. Local
Cluster
2100
2100 2100 2100 2100
2100 2100 2100 2100
Personal
Device SuperCompu
ters
Global
Grid
Enterprise
Cluster/Gri
d
Scalable ComputingScalable Computing
P
E
R
F
O
R
M
A
N
C
E
+
Q
o
S
6
7. Grid TopologiesGrid Topologies
• Intragrid
- Local grid within an organization: Single organizations
-A single cluster
- Trust based on personal contracts
7
8. 8
• Extragrid
– Multiple organizations
– Resources of a organizations connected through
a (Virtual) Private Network
– Multiple clusters
– Trust based on Business to Business contracts
9. 9
• Intergrid
– Global sharing of resources through
the internet
– Many Multiple clusters
– Trust based on certification
11. 11
Grid ArchitectureGrid Architecture
Fabric layer: Provides the resources to which shared access is controlled
by Grid protocols
The resources normally include physical and logical entities. .
Connectivity layer: Defines the core communication and authentication
protocols required for grid-specific network functions.
These protocols enable the exchange of data between fabric layer
resources.
Resource layer: Defines protocols for secure negotiations, initiation,
monitoring control operation on individual resources.
Information & Management protocols
12. 12
Collective Layer : The collective services layer deals with the scheduling
services, data replications services, and monitoring services.
These services are not associated with any one specific resource but focus
on interactions across resources
Application Layer: These are user applications that operate within VO
environment.
which includes applications in science, engineering, business, finance and more,
as well as portals and development toolkits to support the applications. This is
the layer that grid users "see" and interact with
14. How Does Grid Work
.- If there is a scope for parallelism ,it can also decompose
Your work into convenient execution units based on the available
resources
You Submit Your Work
And The Grid
-Find convenient places to your data
-Deals with Authentication to the different sites that you will be
using-Organizes efficient access to data for running your job
-migration, replication
-Run your jobs, monitor progress, recover from problems, tells
you when work is complete
17. Key ComponentsKey Components
• Broker
– Monitoring and Discovery Service (MDS)
It provides information about available resources on the grid and working status of these
resources
18. 18
Key ComponentsKey Components
• Scheduler
If jobs were to become lost due to system or network outages, scheduler would
automatically resubmit the job elsewhere.
19. Key ComponentsKey Components
• Data management
– Grid Access to Secondary Storage (GASS)
It is responsible for moving files and data to various nodes within the grid
20. 20
Key ComponentsKey Components
Job and resource management
– Grid Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
Providing the services to launch a job on a particular resource checking the job’s status, retrieve
the results when the job is complete
21. 21
Globus Toolkit 4Globus Toolkit 4
• The Globus® Toolkit is an open source software toolkit used
for building grids. provided by the Globus Alliance.
• Globus Toolkit 4 provides components in the following five
categories:
– Common runtime components
– Security
– Data management
– Information services
– Execution management
23. Globus ToolkitGlobus Toolkit
• Common Runtime:
The Common Runtime components provide a set of
fundamental libraries and tools which are needed to build both
WS and non-WS services.
• Information services:
The Information Services, more commonly referred to as the
Monitoring and Discovery Services (MDS), includes a set of
components to discover and monitor resources in a virtual
organization.
• Execution management
Execution Management components deal with the initiation,
monitoring, management, scheduling and coordination of
executable programs, usually called jobs, in a Grid. 23
24. Globus ToolkitGlobus Toolkit
• Security
Using the Security components, based on the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), we can make sure that our
communications are secure.
• Data management
These components will allow us to manage large sets
of data in our virtual organization.
Modules in this section enable distributed data in the grid to
locate , move (GridFTP,RFT) and to manage (OGSA).
24
25. 25
Applications
• The Southern California Earthquake Center uses Globus
software to visualize earthquake simulation data.
26. 26
Applications
• Scientists in the Earth System Grid (ESG) are producing, archiving, and
providing access to climate data that advances our understanding of global
climate change. ESG uses Globus software for security, data movement,
and system monitoring.
28. 28
Grid ProjectsGrid Projects
International Grid Projects
• Open Middleware Infrastructure Institute Europe (OMII-Europe) - May 2006 -> May
2008
• Enabling Grids for E-sciencE (EGEE) - March 2004 -> March 2006
• Enabling Grids for E-sciencE II (EGEE II) - April 2006 -> April 2008
• BREIN — September 2007 → August 2009
• Data TAG - January 2001 -> January 2003
• European Data Grid (EDG) - March 2001 -> March 2004
• Baltic Grid - November 2005 -> April 2008
National Grid Projects
• D-Grid (German)
• GARUDA (Indian)
• grid computing project at VECC (Calcutta, India)
• China Grid Project
• INFN Grid (Italian)
• Knowledge Grid Malaysia
• NAREGI Project
• Singapore National Grid Project
• Thai National Grid Project
• BELNET Grid, Belgium
29. GARUDAGARUDA
Ended on March 2008, accomplished its deliverables by connecting 17
cities across 45 academic and research institutes country wide along with
the required softwares for managing grid computing applications.
29
GARUDA is India's first national grid initiative bringing together academic,
scientific and research communities for developing their data and compute
intensive applications with guaranteed QoS.
The Department of Information Technology (DIT), Government of India,
has funded Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) to
deploy the nation-wide computational grid “GARUDA” spanning across 17
cities and 45 institutions with an aim to bring Distributed/Grid networked
infrastructure to academic labs, research labs and industries in India
30. Some current Grids in
development and
deployment
European Data Grid
The European Data Grid is a European Union funded project
which aims to create a huge Grid system for computation and
data-sharing. It is aimed at projects in high energy physics,
biology and medical image processing, and astronomy.
The National Fusion Collaboratory
• The National Fusion Collaboratory project exists to help
research magnetic fusion. Magnetic fusion experiments
operate on pulses of plasmas which are produced
approximately every 15 minutes. The data generated from
each measurement must be analysed within the 15 minutes so
that changes can be made to the set up in time for the next
pulse
30
31. 31
ReferenceReference
• “The Anatomy of the Grid(Enabling Scalable Virtual Organizations)”
---by Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, Steven Tuecke
• “Physiology of the Grid (An Open Grid Services Architecture for
Distributed Systems Integration )”
---by Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, Jeffrey M. Nick, Steven Tuecke
• “Grid Computing:Past,Present, and Future”--- by Elias Kourpas, June
2006
• “Introduction to Grid Computing” ---IBM Redbook,2005
• IBM Grid Computing:www-03.ibm.com/grid/index.shtml
• Globus website: www.globus.org
