22. http://www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/lie-factor.html (Image from Tufte, 1983, p.57)
Fuel economy standards set by the US Department of
Transportation required an increase in mileage from 18 to
27.5, an increase of 53%. The magnitude of increase
shown in the graph is 783%.
Lie factor = (783/53) = 14.8
23. http://www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/lie-factor.html (Image from Tufte, 1983, p.69)
Changes in the scale of the graphic should always
correspond to changes in the data being represented. This
graph violates that principle by using area to show one-
dimensional data.
Lie factor = 2.8
24. http://www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/lie-factor.html (Image from Wainer, 1997, p.29)
Change scales part way through an axis. This graph, compares
income of doctors to other professionals from 1939-1976.
It surely conveys the impression that doctors incomes increased
about linearly, with some slowing down in the later years.
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