slide show presenting content from CDC Health Disparities and Inequalities Report— United States, 2011

1. Social Determinants of Health
CDC HEALTH DISPARITIES AND INEQUALITIES REPORT—
UNITED STATES, 2011
MMWR / JANUARY 14, 2011 / VOL. 60.

2. Health
Disparities
differences in health
outcomes
between groups
that reflect social
inequalities

3. Finding  Education and Income
 Those who live and work in low
s socioeconomic circumstances are at an
increased risk
Social  Mortality
Determinants  Morbidity
of Health  Unhealthy behaviors
 Reduced access to healthcare
 Inadequate quality of care
 A substantial proportion of the adult
population with insufficient resources
is vulnerable to health problems.

4. Results
Lower
income
residents
report fewer
average
healthy
days.

5. Environmental Hazards

6. Finding  Inadequate and unhealthy housing
s  Lack of structural and
safety features increase
risk of
 Injuries
 Blood lead levels
 Worsening of other
Environmental conditions
Hazards
 Poor indoor air quality
increases risk of
Cancer

 Asthma
 Coronary Heart disease

7. Air Pollution
Urban
counties are
generally
near
sources of
air pollution
Racial and ethnic minority groups, are
more likely to live in urban counties and
more likely to experience a disparately
larger impact

8. Findin  Health Insurance Coverage
gs  Insurance coverage is strongly related
to better health outcomes
Healthcare
 Higher percentage of males are
Access uninsured
 18-34 year olds are twice as likely to be
uninsured as 45-64 year olds
 Hispanics and blacks had significantly
higher uninsured rates compared to non-
Hispanic whites and Asian/Pacific
Islanders

9. Findin
gs
Access to
Preventive
 Influenza vaccination coverage
Health
Services
 During the 2009-2010 flu vaccination
period, non-Hispanic blacks and
Hispanics had lower vaccination rates
than non-Hispanic whites

10. Preventive Screenings
Colorectal cancer
screenings
 Disparities exist based on
 Age group
 Ethnic group
 Disability
 Insurance status

11. Mortality

12. Findin
gs
 Mortality
 Infant Deaths
 Motor Vehicle Related Deaths
Health
 Suicides
Outcomes
 Drug-Induced Deaths
 Coronary Heart Disease and Strokes
 Homicides

13. Infant Mortality
African-American Infants
 Are 1 ½ to 3 times
more likely to die
than infants of other
ethnicities

14. Suicide and Homicide
Suicide Homicide
 Men of all ages and  Highest rate for those
race/ethnicities are between ages 15-34
approximately four  4 times greater in
times more likely to males than females
die by suicide than  Highest rate among
females non-Hispanic blacks

15. Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke
Leading cause of disability African American Men and
and death in US Women
 Men are more likely to  More likely to die of
die from coronary heart disease and
heart diseases than stroke than their white
women counterparts

16. Drug Induced Deaths
 Rates of drug-induced  Prescription drug abuse
deaths increased now kills more persons
between 2003 and 2007 than illicit drugs
among men and women
of all race/ethnicities,
with the exception of
Hispanics.
 Rates are highest among
non-Hispanic whites.

17. Morbidity

18. Findin
 Morbidity
gs  Obesity
 Pre-term Births
 Potentially Preventable
Hospitalizations
 Current Asthma Prevalence
Health
 HIV Infection
Outcomes
 Diabetes
P
 Hypertension and Hypertension
Control

19. Obesity
What percentage of your state’s population is obese?
 Prevalence of obesity is
lower among whites
than among blacks and
Mexican-Americans
 Among females,
prevalence of obesity is
highest among blacks

20. Hypertension
Do You Know Your Numbers?
 Hypertension is most
prevalent among non-
Hispanic blacks (42% versus
28.8% among whites).
 Women are significantly
more likely to have
hypertension controlled
than men
 Uninsured persons are only
about half as likely to have
hypertension under control
than those with insurance,
regardless of type

21. Behavioral Risk Factors

22. Findin
gs
 Behavioral Risk Factors
 Binge Drinking
 Adolescent Pregnancy and Childbirth
Health
 Cigarette Smoking
Outcomes

23. Binge Drinking
What is binge drinking? Who’s at risk?
 Younger people and men
are more likely to binge
drink and consume more
alcohol than older people
and women.
 More than half of alcohol
 Consuming four or more consumption by adults in
alcoholic drinks on one or the United States is in the
more occasion for women form of binge drinking
and five or more for men.

24. Tobacco Use
 Leading cause of
preventable illness and
death
 Disparities in smoking rates
persist among certain racial
and ethnic minorities:
American Indians and Alaska
Natives
 Smoking rates decline with
increasing income
 Smoking rates decline with
increasing educational
attainment

25. Teen Pregnancy
Disparities Persist
 Rates of adolescent
pregnancy and childbirth
have been falling or holding
steady for all racial/ethnic
minorities in all age groups.
 Birth rates for Hispanics and
non-Hispanic blacks are 3
and 2.5 times those of whites