dEVELOPMENT OF Instructional materials and media

3. 20th vs 21st Century Teacher - EDTECH 554.mp4

4. Student centered approach answers
four questions.
Content – what knowledge and skills
will be studied?
Process – what materials and
procedures will be used?
Product – what will students produce
to demonstrate their learning?
Evaluation – how will the learning be
assessed?

5. Teacher
Parenting
Student

6. Instruction – A deliberately arranged set of external events that are
designed to support internal learning process.
Instructional Materials – Instructional materials are printed or other
media intended to convey events of instruction so that learning be more
fun and easy to understand.
Instructional Media – The physical means by which instructional
message is communicated.

7. Advantages:
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Make the learning session more interactive
Helps in necessary note taking by students
Students find what actually they want to know
Students can prepare their lesson
Teacher can disseminate new information
It serves as record of the teachers’ classes
Teacher can evaluate himself
It makes easier for another faculty to conduct the class
Rare events can be viewed by large number of students
It facilitates distance learning

8. Basic Principles of Preparing Instructional Materials
Disadvantages:
• Student can be less dependent on text books, reference materials,
classes & teachers
Teachers may be more dependent on his own materials than searching
on new texts & reference materials
Teachers may not be well prepared sometime
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9. Basic Principles of Preparing Instructional Materials
Achievement of instructional goals –
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Attracting & sustaining students’ attention
Developing students’ interest in the subject
Adjusting the learning climate
Promotes acceptance of an idea by the learner
Works as document
Helps in the time management

10. Instructional Design Theories
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Gaining attention
Informing the learner of the objectives
Stimulating recall of pre-requisite learning
Presenting the stimulus material
Providing learning guidance
Eliciting the performance
Feedback about performance correctness
Assessing the performance
Enhancing retention and transfer
Enhance learning
(Schema refinement)
Actual teaching/ learning
process (Schema construction)
Prepare the learner
(Schema activation)

11. Instructional Design Theories
Contd
John
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Keller’s ARCS model of motivational design –
Attention – one must gain and keep the attention by different
(sensory stimuli, inquiry arousal and variability)
ways
• Relevance – learner must believe that learning is relevant to his
course/ job/ daily life.
Confidence – learners should feel that they could achieve the learning
goals
Satisfaction – learners must obtain some type of satisfaction or reward
from the learning experience (performance, score, passing certificate,
praise etc.)
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12. Instructional Materials Development
Traditional Instructional Media –
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Chalk board (black
White board
Flannel board
Flip chart
Epidiascope
board)
Real objects
Models
Simulators
(specimen)

14. Instructional Materials Development
Contd
Modern Instructional Media –
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Digital presenter
Visualizer
Smart Board
SMART TV'S/MIRRORING
BLUETOOTH
SPEAKERS/LAPEL
3D printed models
Simulator,Augmented
reality,Virtual reality

15. Instructional Materials Development

16. Successful Instructional Design
Steps –
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Assess the situation (need assessment)
State the goal (objectives)
Select appropriate medium/ media
Implementation
Evaluation & revision

17. Attributes and Selection of Instructional Materials
Definition – The physical means by which an instructional message is
communicated (printed text, audio with tape, instructor talking etc.)
Elements –
Advantages –
Disadvantages –
Basis of selection –
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18. Basic Principles of Preparing Instructional Materials
• Characteristics:
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Include all necessary information
Leave out unnecessary information
information in the right order Describe all
situations in decision-making
Avoid vague instructions
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19. Preparing Instructional Materials
• Importance:
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Aid teaching process
Aid learning process
Expose to virtual object
Conceptualization
Bridges the experimental gap
Achievement of instructional goals

Factors Affecting Media Selection:
•

21. Preparing
Guidelines
PowerPoint Presentation
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Be consistent
Don’t distract
Don’t overboard
Fonts – simple, legible, common, no variation, avoid ALL UPPERCASE
Sizes – 40 32 28 24
Types – Use sans serif fonts like
Avoid serif fonts like
Styles – Underline, Bold & Italic as necessary
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22. Preparing PowerPoint Presentation
Color codes –
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Dark blue – calming effect
Red or orange – trigger excitement
Green – make comfortable
Yellow – quick attention
– promote quality
or emotional response
– honesty/ sincerity
• Black – not appealing

23. &
Preparing PowerPoint Presentation
Guidelines
Color
–
Use color to give emphasis a point, to reinforce the
logic
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Use black, blue, brown, green (avoid red, orange
Maximum 5 color palette for an entire presentation
Same color for similar elements
Dark text on light background in well-lighted
room
Light text on dark background in dark room.
yellow)
Background – consistent throughout, Simple, Attractive, Light
Animation – the way part of a slide appears (line, text, paragraph
Transition – the way each slide appears
etc.)

24. Preparing PowerPoint Presentation
Guidelines
Tables/ Graphs – use graphs instead of tables as much as
possible.
have title under each graph and over each table
Spelling/ grammar – proof read slides several times for - spelling mistakes,
use of repeated words, grammatical errors
Get someone else to check it
Conclusions – Use an effective & strong closing
words.
– audience remember last
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Summarize main points
Suggest future avenues of research
Keep all visuals simple

25. Preparing PowerPoint Presentation
Presenter view
Screen off/ on
Pointer options – Laser pointer, Pen, Highlighter
Zooming
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26. Working with Text
Visual Illustrations - Picture & figures with words
understanding & its retention.
Properties of visual illustrations are –
may enhance
• The message is not the visual alone – it is the interaction between
visual stimulus & prior knowledge of the learner.
They are used for specific affective or cognitive purpose – provide
the
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visual explanation of verbal argument (visual memory > word memory).
• It has cross-reference between the text & visual illustration.
Text
Verbal Visual
Reader

27. Use of Photography in Instructional Materials

28. Use of Photography in Instructional Materials
Long Shot Extreme Long Shot
Full Shot
Medium Shot Close-up Shot Extreme Close-up

29. Use of Photography in Instructional Materials
MicroClose-up
MicroMacro

30. Use of Photography in Instructional Materials
Photo Editing – (with different layers, colors,
filters)

31. Videography
Definition – visual multimedia source that combines a sequence of images to
form a moving picture. It usually have audio
screen.
components that correspond with
the pictures being shown on the
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Educational videos
Promotional
videos
Informational
videos
Documentary films
Entertainment
Benefits
• Facilitating thinking and problem solving
• Assisting with mastery learning
• Inspiring and engaging students
• Authentic learning opportunities

32. Videography
Advantages of Videos as educational medium:
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Concept clarity
More interesting and engaging
Learn more efficiently
Retain and maintain interest for
Innovative and effective means
Demonstration-friendly
Create experiences.
longer periods of time
It acts as a flexible teaching medium
Whenever required can visualize the
and can also make notes
video and topic will be revised

33. Videography Contd
Eight steps for using a video clip in teaching
1.
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Pick a particular clip
Prepare specific guidelines
Introduce the video briefly
Play the clip
Stop the clip or replay clip
Set a time for reflection
for a specific in-class exercise
Assign an active learning activity
Structure a discussion

34. Videography
Tips
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for use
Keep the Video Short (2-4 minutes)
Watch the whole video first
Always preview the video
Make it available outside the classroom
Use videos your students want
Approaches of use
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Using only video and online learning (the Flipped classroom)
Blending video into the existing curriculum and course
Using video as a supplement for engagement or re-enforcements

35. If Videography is your Performance- task
How
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to Use Video – 3 main
Pre-viewing
Viewing
Post Viewing
types or stages
Steps of Making a Video
• Pre-production
o Planning - Educational
o Scripting
Production (recording)
Post-production
o Editing
o Reviewing
questions, Technical questions,Administrative questions
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36. Videography
1080_30_19.83_Mar112019.mp4

37. florante at laura-group 1.mp4

38. Social Media be considered
as intructional materials/
media

39. Introduction to Social Media

40. Xx

41. Distance Learning
What media can be used –
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Television
Radio
Audiotape
Computers
Interactive video disk
Components –
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Introduction
Aim
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Course team
Entry requirements
Course fees
How to apply
Address
Course
Course
structure
assessment
Accreditation

42. Attributes of Selection of Instructional Materials
Elements of a systematic course of teaching :
foreknowledge
10. Analyze11. Feedback
1. Specify the
aim/ objectives
3. Evaluate the
situation & students’
9. Evaluate
2. Specify the
content
4. Determine
strategy
5. Organization
of group
6. Allot time
7. Allot space
8. Choose
teaching aid

43. 21st Century Teaching.mp4