This document discusses high pressure sodium (HPS) lamps, which are a type of gas discharge lamp that is commonly used for street lighting and industrial applications. It provides details on the development of HPS lamps, their components, how they work by creating an electric arc through vaporized sodium metal, and their advantages over other lighting types like low pressure sodium, metal halide, mercury vapor, and LED lights. Key points covered include HPS lamps having better color rendering than LPS lamps, producing a warmer light, and having efficacies of 70-120 lumens per watt.
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High pressure sodium
1. High Pressure Sodium
(Sodium Lamps)
Services
Department Of Life Long Learning
D.A.V.V
Submitted To:
Mr. Murtza Amiruddin Sir
Presented By:
Kashish Khan
Chandra Jaiswal
Aamir Hussain
Akshika Jain
2. SODIUM LAMPS
• Sodium Lamps were first produced
commercially by Philips in Holland in
1932. There are two kinds of sodium
lights: Low Pressure (LPS) and High
Pressure (HPS). These lamps are mostly
used for street lighting as well as
industrial uses.
• The lamp works by creating an electric
arc through vaporized sodium metal.
Other materials and gases are used to
help start the lamp or control its color.
4. THE LOW-PRESSURE SODIUM LAMP
• Low-pressure sodium lamps are
highly efficient electrical light
sources, but their yellow light
restricts applications to outdoor
lighting such as street lamps.
• It is known by its signature
monochromatic yellow color
5. Uses of LPS
• Outdoor lighting, security lighting,
long tunnel lighting (the light seems
to give less fatigue in tunnel driving
than white lights flashing by at close
proximity)
7. High Pressure Sodium Lamp
(HPS Lamp)
• The HPS lamp is the most ubiquitous
lamp for street lighting on the planet. The
lamp is an improvement over the LPS
lamp in that it has more acceptable color
with the great efficiency of the sodium
lamp.
• The better color rendering comes with a
bit of sacrifice, it has less efficiency than
the LPS.
8. Working
• In a high pressure sodium lamp, a
compact arc tube contains a
mixture of xenon, sodium and
mercury.
• The xenon gas which is easily
ionized, facilitates striking the arc
when voltage is applied across the
electrodes.
• The heat generated by the arc
then vaporizes the mercury and
sodium.
9. • The mercury vapor raises the gas
pressure and operating voltage, and
the sodium vapor produces light when
the pressure within the arc tube is
sufficient.
• High pressure sodium lamps are the
most efficient artificial white light
source with about 29% of the energy
used by the lamp producing light.
• The lamp works by creating an
electric arc through vaporized sodium
metal. Other materials and gases are
used to help start the lamp or control
its color.
10. Components Of HPS Lamps
• The arc tube contains the xenon and
sodium-mercury amalgam mixture
and provides the proper
environment for producing light.
• The electrodes, which are made of
tungsten, carry a high-voltage, high-
frequency pulse to strike the arc and
vaporize the mercury and sodium.
• The base of the lamp provides a
means of electrical connection.
11. • The outer bulb shields the arc tube
from drafts and changes in
temperature, prevents oxidation of
the internal parts, and acts as a
filter for most of the UV radiation
generated by the mercury vapor.
• Some lamps have a phosphor
coating on the inner surface of the
outer bulb to diffuse the light.
12. Efficacy and Efficiency
• Lamp color temperature in HPS
lamps does not vary much.
• While the “deluxe” HPS lamp has a
relatively high CRI (65) for HPS
technology, its color temperature
of 2100-2200 K is not much
different from standard HPS, which
varies between 1900 K and 2100 K.
13. • All HPS lamps except “white”
sodium appear a golden-pink color,
and are not recommended for non-
industrial interior lighting.
• HPS lamps are offered in sizes
ranging from 35 to 1000 watts.
Efficacies are between 70 to 120
lumens/watt ( including ballast),
increasing with wattage.
• Electronic ballasts, said to be under
development, could provide a small
increase in system efficacy.
14. Uses of HPS
• Outdoor lighting, municipal
lighting, home yard lighting, high
bay lighting.
16. HPS v/s Metal Hallide
HPS
• Promotes flowering
and fruiting in indoor
gardening .
• Produces a reddish-
yellow light.
• Produces about 96-
150 lumens of light
per watt.
• Lifespan is about 2 to
6.5 thousand hours.
Metal Hallide
• Promotes vegetative
growth in indoor
gardening .
• Produces white light.
• Produces about 65-110
lumens of light per
watt.
• Lifespan is about 3 to
6.5 thousand hours.
17. HPS v/s LPS
HPS
• High-pressure lights are
slightly less efficient.
• The efficacy in lumens per
watt for high-pressure
lights it is 50 to 140.
• High-pressure sodium
lights have a better color
rendition than low-
pressure sodium lights.
• The high-pressure lights
produce a more desirable
golden to white light.
• High-pressure lights have
a life expectancy of
16,000 to 24,000 hours
LPS
• Low-pressure sodium
lights produce the greatest
amount of light per watt of
energy consumed.
• The efficacy in lumens per
watt for low-pressure
sodium lights is 60 to 150.
• The color produced by
low-pressure lights is
yellow to orange.
• Less popular than HPS.
• low-pressure sodium lights
should run for 12,000 to
18,000 hours.
18. HPS v/s Mercury Vapor
HPS
• Used in outdoor and
industrial applications
• Consist of: ballast, high-
voltage electronic starter,
ceramic arc tube, xenon gas
filling, sodium, mercury.
• No starting electrodes
• High efficacy: 60 – 80
lumen/Watt
• Color rendering index: 1 -
2
• Color temperature: warm
• Lamp life < 24,000 hrs
Mercury Vapor Lamps
• Oldest HID lamp
• Consists of: arc tube with
mercury and argon gas and
quartz envelope, third
electrode, outer phosphor
coated bulb, outer glass
envelope
• Long life and low initial
costs
• Very poor efficacy: 30 – 65
lumens/Watt
• Color rendering index: 3
• Color temperature:
intermediate
• Lamp life: 16000 – 24000
hours
24. Alternative Of HPS i.e., LED
Lights
As for
Flood lights
street lights, etc.
27. Survey Report
• As HPS lamps are not widely
available in the existing market
and are not used much because
of emergence of LED lights.
Existing rates of HPS
• Disco Lights/Stage Lights
1000W – Rs.850 color can be
varied with the use of gelatine
sheets.
• Flood Light 70/150W – Rs.1550