The presentation is descriptive about the basics of cement and cement industry in india and abroad. this was our project in 1st year of B.arch from school of planning and architecture, bhopal, india.

1. Presentation by : Karan, Devashree, Ashi, Ajay, Nikunj

2.  The word cement has
come from the roman
word ‘OPUS
CAEMENTICIUM
 An adhesive substance of
all kinds, but, in a
narrower sense, the
binding materials used in
building and civil
engineering construction.

3. Before the 18th century
• Cement made with lime, sand, and
gravel was used.
• Examples: Dome of Pantheon of
Rome, Baths of Caracalla
18th, 19th, and 20th centuries
• Portland cement patented by Joseph
Aspdin
• Blend of Rosendale and synthetic
cement
21st century and future…
• OPC most common. Base of
concrete, mortar, grout
• Green Cement made by recycled coal,
ash, bio-mass, mine tailings, etc.

4. Physical
 Strength to masonry
 Excellent binding material
 Easily workable
 Stiffens early
 Possesses good plasticity
 Offers good resistance to
the moisture
 Fineness:
 Soundness
 Alumia: Iron oxide ≥ 0.66
 0.66≤Lime saturation
factor ≤1.02
 Sulphur content ≤ 2.75 %
 Wt. of insoluble residue ≤
1.5%
Chemical

5.  It is quite important to
maintain the
composition of cement
because all the functions
of every type of cement
depends on individual
quantity of every
component.
LIME 63%
SILICA 22%
ALUMINA 06%
IRON OXIDE
3%
GYPSU
M 1-4 %

6. • Controls strength and
soundness
LIME (CaO)
• Gives strength, excess
quantity causes slow setting
SILICA
(SiO2 )
• Quick setting, excess lowers
strength
Alumina
(Al2O3)

7. • Imparts color, helps in
fusion of ingredients
IRON OXIDE
(Fe2O3)
• Color and hardness,
excess causes cracking
Magnesium
Oxide (MgO)
• It makes the cement
sound.
Sulphur
Trioxide (SO3)

8. Demerits Merits

9. White
Used in
making
pre cast
wall.
Pozzolan
a
Used in
marine
structure
s, sewage
works,
dams
Oil Well
used in
construct
ing or
fixing oil
wells.
Clinker
Used in
construct
ion of
complexe
s, houses,
bridges
Rapid
Hardenin
g.
Finer
than OPC
so casting
is easy
Sulphate
Resisting
Portland
Protects
the
structure
from
sulphate
attacks
TYPES OF CEMENT

10. Uses of Cement
concrete,Masonry, pointing,
plastering
Foundations,
foothpaths
For filling
cracks
Joints for
drains , pipes
Engineering
structures
like bridges,
culverts ,
dams
Laying floors ,
roofs,
constructing
lintels, beams
, weather
sheds
To
manufacture
bricks

12. Limestone is
brought
from mines
Limestone
is crushed
Some
additives
are added at
this stage
Mixture is
grinded to
form
homogeneous
mixture
Formation of
clinker at high
temperature
Suitable are
additives are
added and again
grinded
This
yields
cement
Manufacturing of cement

14. BURNING
Heating in a kiln
Produces “çlinker’
Addition of gypsum
PREPARATION OF RAW MATERIALS
PROCESSING TO CONTROL THE COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF THE
CEMENT
ACQUISITION OF RAW MATERIAL
CALCIUM SOURCE CONTROLS LOCATION OF PLANTS
SILICA USUALLY SHIPPED TO CEMENT PLANT
Regulates set and clinker + gypsum=cement

15. Setting- is used to describe the
stiffening of the cement paste. It
refers to changes of cement paste
from a fluid to rigid state. Setting
differs from Hardening of cement.
Hardening –it refers to the gain of
strength of a set cement paste, although
during setting the cement paste acquires
some strength.
Initial setting time indicates the
beginning of the setting process
when the cement paste starts losing
its plasticity.
Final setting time is the time elapsed
between the moment water is added to the
cement and the time when the cement
completely lost its plasticity and can resist
certain definite pressure.
It includes two processes initial set and final set stages

16. • SHOULD BE FAVOURABLE AND SUITABLE
FOR THE SETTING AND HARDENINGCLIMATE
• SHOULD BE EASILY AVAILABLE AND
ECONOMICALLABOUR
• SHOULD BE NEAR . WILL DECREASE COST
OF TRANSPORTMARKET
• RATES SHOULD BE ECONOMICAL. CUTS
MINIMAL.POWER
• EASILY AVAILABLE. CONTINUOUSLY
AVAILABLE AROUND SITE.RAW MATERIALS
• EASILY AVIALBLE FOR RAW MATERIALS
AND FINISHED MATERIALS.TRANSPORT

17.  The Indian cement industry
is the 2nd largest market after
China accounting for about
8% of the total global
production.
 Housing sector is the biggest
demand driver of
cement(67%) followed
by infrastructure (13%),
commercial construction
(11%) and industrial
construction (9%).

18.  Andhra Pradesh is the largest
producer of cement in India
followed by Rajasthan and Tamil
Nadu.
 SATNA, cement city, in MP, is in the
limestone belts of India. As a result,
it contributes around 8%–9% of
India's total cement production.
 India is producing different varieties
of cement like ordinary Portland
cement, Oil well cement, sulphate
resisting cement, white cement etc.
Production of these verities conform
to BIS standards.

19. Quantity of trash is Increasing in
this world day by day which has
ignited the architects to find new
ideas such as :
• Alok shetty’s concept of
recycling tin cans, plastic
bottles, etc and laying them
with very less quantity of
cement.
• GREEN CEMENT
• REASEARCH by Peter Trimble
who proposed a bacterium
based design combined with
sand producing 70% much
stronger cement.

20. • UNIFORM
• GREENISH GRAY
• GIVES INDICATION OF EXCESS LIME/CLAY
COLOR
• FEEL SMOOTH. IF ROUGH; ADULTERATION OF SAND
• HAND IN BAG SHOULD FEEL COOL NOT WARM
• EARTHY SMELL IF TOO MUCH CLAY OR SILT ADULTERANT
• SHOULD BE FREE FROM ANY HARD LUMPS
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
• Thick paste of cement made on thick glass and kept
underwater for 1 day. Should set and not crack!STRENGTH