In this chapter we have discussed about components of food.different nutrients and their sources. We have also discussed about deficiency and diseases.

1. BHARAT GURUKUL
COMPONENTS
OF FOOD

2. FOOD VARIETY

3. OUR FOOD CONSIST
•Our meals usually have at least one item made of some kind of
grains.
•Other items could be a dal or a dish of meat.
•And vegetables.
•Also includes items like curd, buttermilk and pickle.

4. MEALS FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS
Jammu & KashmirUttar PradeshMaharashtra
Rajasthan Nagaland Tamil Nadu

5. QUESTIONS FOR YOU
•Why meals usually consist of such a distribution ?
•Do you think that our body needs different kinds of food for
some special purpose?

6. WHAT DO DIFFERENT FOOD ITEMS
CONTAIN?
• Ingredients contain some components that are needed by our body.
These components are called nutrients.
• The major nutrients in our food are named carbohydrates, proteins,
fats, vitamins and minerals.
• In addition, food contains dietary fibers and water which are also
needed by our body.

7. TESTING PRESENCE OF NUTRIENTS IN FOOD
Needed Materials
• Solution of iodine
• Solution of copper sulphate
• Solution of caustic soda
• Test tube
• Dropper
• Food items
• Paper

8. TEST FOR STARCH
1. Take small quantity of a food item of raw ingredient.
2. Put 2-3 drops of dilute iodine solution on it.
-Observe, did it turn blue-black?
A blue- black color indicates that it
contains starch.

9. TEST FOR PROTEIN
1. Take small quantity of food if solid make a paste or powder it.
2. Grind or mash a small quantity of the food item.
3. Put some of this in a clean test tube.
4. Add 10 drops of water to it and shake the test tube.
5. Add 2 drops of solution of copper sulphate
6. Add 10 drops of solution of caustic soda.
7. Shake well and let the test tube stand for a minute.
-Did the contents of the test tube turns violet?
A violet color indicates presence od protein in food item.

10. TEST FOR FATS
1. Take a small quantity of food item.
2. Wrap it in a piece of paper and crush it.
3. Straighten the paper and observe it carefully.
-Does it have an oily patch?
An oily patch on paper shows that the food item
contains fat.

11. QUESTIONS FOR YOU
•Why we need all these?
•What do various nutrients do for our body?

12. CARBOHYDRATES
• Provide energy to our body.
• Carbohydrates are called energy giving food.
Sources of carbohydrates

13. PROTEIN
• Needed for the growth and repair of our body.
• Proteins are called body building foods.
Sources of protein

14. FATS
• Gives us energy
• Fats give much more energy as compared to the same amount of
carbohydrates.
• Fats are called energy giving food.
Sources of fats

15. VITAMINS
• Help in protecting our body against disease.
• Also help in keeping our eyes, bones, teeth and gums healthy.
• Names of vitamins- vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E,
vitamin K, and vitamin B –complex.
• Our body needs all types of vitamins in small quantities.

16. VITAMINS : FUNCTIONS AND
SOURCES• Vitamin A: keeps our skin and eyes healthy.
• Vitamin C: helps body to fight against many diseases.
• Vitamin D: helps our body to use calcium for bones and teeth.
Foods rich in different vitamins.

17. MINERALS
• Minerals are needed by our body in small amount.
• Each one is essential for proper growth of body and to maintain good health.
Some sources of minerals

18. RECAP

19. ROUGHAGE AND WATER
• Besides these nutrients our body needs dietary fibers and water.
• Dietary fibers are also known as roughage.
• Roughage is mainly provided by plant products in our foods.
• Whole grains, pulses, potatoes, fresh fruits, vegetables are main source of
roughage.
• Roughage helps our body get rid of undigested food.
• Water helps our body to absorb nutrients from food .
• It also helps in throwing out some wastes from body as urine and sweat. We get
most of the water that our body needs from the liquids we drink- such as water,
milk, juices and tea.

20. BALANCED DIET
•For growth and maintenance of good health, our diet
should have all the nutrients that our body needs ,in
right quantities. the diet should also contain a good
amount of roughage and water. such a diet is called a
balanced diet.

21. FOOD PYRAMID

22. OBESITY
•When we eat too much of fat rich foods and we may end up
suffering from a condition called obesity.

23. DEFICIENCY DISEASES
• A person may be getting enough food to eat, but sometimes the food may not
contain a particular nutrient. if this continues over a long period of time the
person may suffer from its deficiency.
• Deficiency of one or more nutrients can cause diseases or disorders in our body.
• Diseases that occur due to lack of nutrients over a long period are called
deficiency diseases.
• Protein deficiency- stunted growth, swelling of face, discoloration of hair, skin
diseases and Diarrhea.
• Carbohydrate and protein deficiency- growth may stop completely, person
become lean and thin and so weak that he/she may not even be able to move.

24. DEFICIENCY DISEASES
Scurvy
Rickets
Beriberi
Goiter

25. THANK YOU
BHARAT GURUKUL