Understanding big data using IoT
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Internet of Things, Various Names, One Concept, History of IoT, Applications of IoT, Challenges and Barriers in IoT, Internet Revolution, Future of IoT, Impact of the Internet, Internet Usage and Population Statistics
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Understanding big data using IoT
- 1. Understanding Big Data using IoT Dr. Kamal Gulati
- 2. What's Internet of Things
- 3. CISCO'S PREVISION In 2008 the number of things connected to the Internet was greater than the people living on Earth. Within 2020 the number of things connected to the Internet will be about 50 billion.
- 4. The Internet of Things (IoT) • Is the network of physical objects— devices, vehicles, buildings and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity—that enables these objects to collect and exchange data.
- 5. Various Names, One Concept • M2M (Machine to Machine) • “Internet of Everything” (Cisco Systems) • “World Size Web” (Bruce Schneier) • “Skynet” (Terminator movie) Education – Partnership – Solutions Information Security Office of Budget and Finance
- 6. Thing Ask google : where is my keys.? Where are my kids?
- 7. History
- 8. History 1997, “The Internet of Things” is the seventh in the series of ITU Internet Reports originally launched in 1997 under the title “Challenges to the Network”. 1999, Auto-ID Center founded in MIT – Keven Ashton 2003, EPC Global founded in MIT 2005, Four important technologies of the internet of things was proposed in WSIS conference. 2008, First international conference of internet of things: The IOT 2008 was held at Zurich.
- 10. Contents • Introduction/Overview • The Internet of Things • Applications of IoT • Challenges and Barriers in IoT • Future of IoT
- 12. Impact of the Internet Education Business Communications Entertainment Medical/Health
- 13. Internet Usage and Population Statistics
- 14. Internet Statistics • Internet Users • http://www.internetlivestats.com/internet- users/ • Internet Users by Country (2016) • http://www.internetlivestats.com/internet- users-by-country/
- 15. Connected World
- 16. Typical Views of the Internet of Things Industrial Automation Smart Health Smart Home Smart City
- 17. Smart Appliances Healthcare Education – Partnership – Solutions Information Security Office of Budget and Finance Wearable Tech
- 18. Education – Partnership – Solutions Information Security Office of Budget and Finance
- 19. What is the Internet of Things
- 20. From any time ,any place connectivity for anyone, we will now have connectivity for anything! EX: UK Gov
- 21. The Internet of Things “Internet of Objects” “Machine-to-Machine Era” (2) Internet of Things refers to the concept that the Internet is no longer just a global network for people to communicate with one another using computers, but it is also a platform for devices to communicate electronically with the world around them.” --Center for Data and Innovation (1) The Internet of Things, also called The Internet of Objects, refers to a wireless network between objects, usually the network will be wireless and self-configuring, such as household appliances. ------Wikipedia “Internet of Everything”
- 22. The Internet of Things (4) “Things having identities and virtual personalities operating in smart spaces using intelligent interfaces to connect and communicate within social, environmental, and user contexts”. -------IoT in 2020 (3) The term "Internet of Things" has come to describe a number of technologies and research disciplines that enable the Internet to reach out into the real world of physical objects. ------IoT 2008
- 23. The Internet of Things • The term Internet of Things was first used by Kevin Ashton in 1999. • Refers to uniquely identifiable objects (things) and their virtual representations in an Internet-like structure
- 24. Characteristics Event Driven Ambient Intelligence Flexible Structure Semantic Sharing Complex Access Technologies Internet of Things
- 25. Tecnologies • RFID • WiFi IEEE 802.11 • Barcode e QR Code • ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4 • Sensors and smartphones
- 26. RFID
- 27. RFID • Widely used in Transport and Logistics • Easy to deploy: RFID tags and RFID readers • The communication range and the frequency depends on the type of technology
- 28. WiFi
- 29. WiFi • Very common • Widely used both in indoor and outdoor environments • General purpose • Low cost • Highly interoperable • Maybe not a good solution in some special conditions
- 30. Barcode e QR Code
- 31. Barcode e QR Code • Low cost • No technological difficulties • Several devices can read a barcode • Starting point for more complex systems • Example: price comparison
- 32. ZigBee
- 33. ZigBee • Low cost • Very long battery life • Easy to deploy • Large number of nodes (up to 64770) • Can be used globally • Secure • Ideal for WPAN and mesh networks • Support for multiple network topologies
- 35. Sensors and smartphones In the near future almost everybody will probably have a smartphone A smartphone isn't just a mobile phone that has access to the Internet The iPhone has a lot of different types of sensors
- 36. Top Applications • Traffic monitoring • Health • Security • Transport and Logistics • Daily life and domotics
- 37. Google Traffic
- 38. Google Traffic Not exactly a IoT application Example of an application for everyday usage.
- 39. Jawbone UP
- 40. Jawbone UP Linked to an iPhone application Not just a passive bracelet The application recommends to change life-style or diet
- 41. AutoBot
- 42. AutoBot Diagnostics service for cars Alerts relatives in case of an accident Discovery service of car position Integrated with several web services
- 44. Transport and Logistics One of the first business sectors interested in IoT technologies Currently two systems are already available and deployed: ConLock and ContainerSafe Integration of light sensors, GPS and GSM
- 45. Daily Life and Domotics
- 46. Daily Life and Domotics Many possible developments to Domotics There are no standard and widely accepted solutions yet for Domotics A framework has been developed for Home Automation applications: FreeDom
- 47. Web of Things To achieve IoT we need a universal protocol to combine several heterogeneous devices. This protocol should be: simple, lightweight, loosely-coupled, scalable, flexible and standard. Sounds like the WEB
- 48. Web of Things • Several technologies and protocols already available and widely accepted by the community: – HTTP, TCP, IPV6, XML, JSON, RSS, ATOM, REST, WS-*, URI, etc. • URI to make the objects easily identifiable and addressable • XML, WS-* and REST to allow the objects to expose their features and to communicate with external or centralized services • Simpler mashup
- 49. Semantic Web Objects (things) are the resources Ontologies for knowledge representation (information collected by the objects, etc.)
- 50. Enabling Technologies RFID Sensor Smart Tech Nano Tech To identify and track the data of things To collect and process the data to detect the changes in the physical status of things To enhance the power of the network by devolving processing capabilities to different part of the network. To make the smaller and smaller things have the ability to connect and interact.
- 52. Technical Perspective Sensing Layer Communication Layer Management Layer
- 54. Where is IoT? Education – Partnership – Solutions Information Security Office of Budget and Finance On your campus…
- 55. Education – Partnership – Solutions Information Security Office of Budget and Finance
- 56. The IoT Market • As of 2013, 9.1 billion IoT units • Expected to grow to 28.1 billion IoT devices by 2020 • Revenue growth from $1.9 trillion in 2013 to $7.1 trillion in 2020 Education – Partnership – Solutions Information Security Office of Budget and Finance
- 57. • Management: – Data management – Waste management – Urban planning – Production management – Many more.
- 58. • Logistics: – Warehouse, management • Inventory control – Port management • ETAs, ETDs • Ships, boats, containers, etc. – Executable code – …
- 59. • Retail: – Intelligent shopping – Bar code in retail – Electronic tags – …
- 60. • Pharmaceuticals : – Intelligent tags for drugs – Drug usage tracking – Pharma. Product websites --> Enable the emergency treatment to be given faster and more correct
- 61. • Food: – Control geographical origin – Food production management – Nutrition calculations Prevent overproduction and shortage Control food quality, health and safety.
- 63. • School Administration – Attendance Management – Voting System – Automatic Feedback Loops • Instructional technology – Media – Information management – Foreign language learning
- 64. 7.2 6.8 7.6 IoT Is Here Now – and Growing! Rapid Adoption Rate of Digital Infrastructure: 5X Faster Than Electricity and Telephony 50 Billion “Smart Objects” 50 2010 2015 2020 0 40 30 20 10 BILLIONSOFDEVICES 25 12.5 Inflection Point TIMELIN E Source: Cisco IBSG, 2011 World Population
- 66. Cost savings, improved safety, superior service Connected Rail Operations PASSENGER SECURITY In-station and onboard safety Visibility into key events ROUTE OPTIMIZATION Enhanced Customer Service Increased efficiency Collision avoidance Fuel savings CRITICAL SENSING Transform “data” to “actionable intelligence” Proactive maintenance Accident avoidance
- 67. Smart City Safety, financial, and environmental benefits CONNECTED TRAFFIC SIGNALS Reduced congestion Improved emergency services response times Lower fuel usage PARKING AND LIGHTING Increased efficiency Power and cost savings New revenue opportunities CITY SERVICES Efficient service delivery Increased revenues Enhanced environmental monitoring capabilities
- 68. The Connected Car Actionable intelligence, enhanced comfort, unprecedented convenience WIRELESS ROUTER Online entertainment Mapping, dynamic re-routing, safety and security CONNECTED SENSORS Transform “data” to “actionable intelligence” Enable proactive maintenance Collision avoidance Fuel efficiency URBAN CONNECTIVITY Reduced congestion Increased efficiency Safety (hazard avoidance)
- 69. … But It Also Adds Complexity Application Interfaces Infrastructure Interfaces New Business Models Partner Ecosystem Applications Device and Sensor Innovation Unified Platform Infrastructure APPLICATION ENABLEMENT PLATFORM APPLICATION CENTRIC INFRASTRUCTURE APPLICATION AND BUSINESS INNOVATION Data Integration Big Data Analytics Control Systems Application Integration
- 70. What Comprises IoT Networks? Information Technology (IT) Operational Technology (OT) Smart Objects
- 71. The Flip Side: Major Security Challenges
- 72. What Can Breach IoT Networks?What can’t? Billions of connected devices Secure and insecure locations Security may or may not be built in Not owned or controlled by IT … but data flows through the network Any node on your network can potentially provide access to the core
- 73. Smart City Potential impact to services and public safety REMOTE ACCESS Increased traffic congestion Creation of unsafe conditions SYSTEM CONTROL Device manipulation Remote monitoring Creation of unsafe conditions SERVICE MANIPULATION Environmental degradation System shutdown Lost revenue
- 75. Challenges and Issues • Issues – Society: People, security, privacy • A policy for people in the Internet of Things: • Legislation – Environmental aspects • Resource efficiency • Pollution and disaster avoidance – Technological • Architecture (edge devices, servers, discovery services, security, etc.) • Governance, naming, identity, interfaces • Service openness, interoperability • Connections of real and virtual world • Standards
- 76. IoT will inherit the drawbacks of the current internet on an infinitely larger, but more invisible scale – Privacy – will be a huge issue when implementing IoT – Identity - Online Fragmentation of Identity – Efficiency – speed - person loses identity and is an IP address – Decisions – do not delegate too much of our decision making and freedom of choice to things and machines – Balancing Challenges and Issues
- 77. • Transition to IPv6 – Internet protocol v6 • Estalishing a common set of standards between companies, educational systems, and nations. – The same type of cabling, – The same applications or programming – The same protocol or set of rules that will apply to all • Developing energy sources for millions -even billions - of sensors. – Wind – Solar, – Hydro-electric Challenges and Issues
- 78. Solution of the main challenge: Legislation Two approaches : The real law The Cyberlaw Lack of legal instruments 1. Privacy 2. Intellectual property rights 3. Security 4. Data Protection 5. Cybercrime
- 79. Limitation of IoT The application of IoT in extreme situations are still not tested (outer space, very hot or cold area) Standardization and Interoperability Legal instruments Technical limitation in some cases
- 80. Hype Cycle of IoT
- 81. Technology Roadmap of IoT
- 82. Future of IoT
- 83. The future of IoT • World sensor networks • Home automation and domotics • Daily life (traffic monitoring, shopping, etc.) • Tracking and shipping of goods • Health • Unpredictable developments...
- 84. IoT Landscape
- 85. IoT roadmap
- 86. References • Kevin Ashton: That 'Internet of Things' Thing. In: RFID Journal, 22. Juli 2009. Abgerufen am 8. April 2011 • Cisco: Over 50 billions of devices connected to Internet http://blogs.cisco.com/news/the-internet-of-things- infographic/ • Vlad Trifa: HomeWeb and Android at Home – challenges? http://www.webofthings.com/2011/06/10/homeweb-and- android-at-home-challenges/ • IoT - Visit the future: http://www.iot-visitthefuture.eu/index.php?id=108
- 87. References • Google Favorite Places: http://www.google.com/help/maps/favoriteplaces/bu siness/barcode.html • Jawbone UP: http://jawbone.com/up/preview • AutoBot: http://mavizontech.com/MeetMavia.htm • IoT for Shipping: http://www.iot- visitthefuture.eu/?id=113 • Social Web of Things: http://www.ericsson.com/thinkingahead/idea/110217 _social_network_for_you_1968920151_c
- 88. References • FreeDom - Open Source Home Automation: http://freedom.disi.unitn.it/ • ZigBee Alliance: http://www.zigbee.org/ • Web of Things: http://www.webofthings.com/
- 89. Check for more updates at http://mybigdataanalytics.in
Editor's Notes
- British entrepreneur Kevin Ashton first coined the term in 1999 while working at Auto-ID Labs (originally called Auto-ID centers - referring to a global network of Radio-frequency identification (RFID) connected objects).[10] Typically, IoT is expected to offer advanced connectivity of devices, systems, and services that goes beyond machine-to-machine communications (M2M) and covers a variety of protocols, domains, and applications.[11] The interconnection of these embedded devices (including smart objects), is expected to usher in automation in nearly all fields, while also enabling advanced applications like a Smart Grid,[12] and expanding to the areas such as smart cities. Cisco Systems refers to IoT as the “Internet of Everything”… Bruce Schinerer recently referred to two new colloquial terms – World Spanning Robot and Benign Organization. There is also the term “Skynet” in reference to the Terminator movies that is frequently discussed in Blog and online postings/jargon.
- Impact of the Internet
- In our daily lives, we have become more reliant on IoT with our wearable tech, appliances, our cars, how we receive health care.
- M2M/IoT Sector Map :: Beecham Research http://www.beechamresearch.com/article.aspx?id=4 The following graphic from Beecham Research depicts how the Internet of Things may interact with various service sectors within the public/private sectors and ordinary consumers. Public sector entities (such as universities) may have some level of involvement and interaction within all service sectors depicted; ranging from the operation and industry elements of buildings, to levels of research, retail entities, transportation, and IT/Networks. **Place emphasis on service sectors, that it is likely that at least one example of devices may be found within university networks.
- AI: the autonomous and intelligent entities will act in full interoperability & will be able to auto-organize themselves depending on the context, circumstances or environment. ED is to design the scheme depending on the need FS means that hundreds and thousands of nodes will be disable and will be set to run. CAT means that there’s several kinds of media such as vehicle stone that they need different access technologies. SS is the machine can rend and send by themselves. No need to tell humanbeings
- machine-to-machine interfaces and protocols of electronic communication microcontrollers wireless communication RFID Energy harvesting technologies sensor technology Location technology Software IPv6
- Logistics – Tagging items on a UPS truck (now they use barcodes to be scanned) but not real-time. Using the newer technology all is in realtime.
- On campuses…(Audience Participation)
- And in our institutions of higher learning, IoT is prevalent in the operational and research initiatives…
- Lund, D., Turner, V., MacGillivray, C., & Morales, M. (2014, May). Worldwide and Regional Internet of Things (IoT) 2014 – 2020 Forecast: A Virtuous Circle of Proven Value and Demand. Retrieved January 25, 2016, from http://www.business.att.com/content/article/IoT-worldwide_regional_2014-2020-forecast.pdf The following describes the “moderate forecasts” concerning growth of the IoT markets over the next several years. More extensive forecasts by Cisco Systems project 50 billion units by 2020. The Internet of Things marketplace is expected to see increased adoption and revenue growth through the year 2020. Moderate expectations of such growth will span across business, government entities and consumers. Business is expected is expected to show the strongest gains, while consumer growth and adoption will be lower, despite more IoT marketing of devices to consumers.
- waste management, urban planning, sustainable urban environment, continous care, emergency response, intelligent shopping, smart product management, smart meters, home automation and smart events Pharma. – Doctors managing patience during the day – realtime - managing heart rate, Temperature, etc.
- waste management, urban planning, sustainable urban environment, continous care, emergency response, intelligent shopping, smart product management, smart meters, home automation and smart events
- http://blogs.princeton.edu/etc/2012/02/24/the-internet-of-things/ Education – When researching items and tagging them (Radio Frequency Identification) the data can be collected and monitored over a time period.
- Information management: research data
- … and IoT isn’t “science fiction” or something that will happen in the future – it’s real, and it’s here now. Cisco believes that the inflection point – the point at which the number of connected devices began outnumbering the number of men, women, and children on the planet – happened about five years ago; others in the industry believe that it happened about a year and a half ago. Similarly, Cisco believes that the number of connected objects will grow to about 50 billion over the next several years, while other estimates put that number at 25, 30, or even as high as 200 billion! Who’s right doesn’t really matter … the point is that we all universally agree on two things: 1) the point of inflection is in the past; and 2) gap is expected to widen exponentially over the next several years. So, IoT is here today, and will continue to grow!
- While these benefits can certainly inspire business owners, they can also be construed as largely academic … so let’s take a look at some real-world use cases, to show how IoT will benefit us in our daily lives …
- Using ruggedized cameras and communications equipment that can handle the vibration and jolts of a rapidly moving train, a connected network of IoT-enabled cameras can help improve passenger safety by analyzing and correlating events at various stations, as well as on trains – for actionable security intelligence. The intelligence gained from multiple connected systems can help identify bottlenecks, enable routes and schedules to be tuned for greater efficiency, and even avoid collisions. Likewise, sensors attached to critical parts such as wheels can proactively determine if a part needs to be replaced – before it can cause a devastating accident. Sensors can also alert supervisors if the train is being operated in an unsafe manner, or alert the operator of important changes in track conditions.
- In addition, IoT can dramatically reduce a city’s environmental impact and improve its efficiency while reducing costs: By connecting the city’s infrastructure that controls traffic signals, it can help save fuel usage and reduce traffic congestion, reducing pollution Controlling road lighting based on the actual need – such as when cars are approaching – can save millions of dollars and conserve energy; parking applications can let drivers know where the spots are available, and “dynamic pricing” based on need can be a new revenue source for the city. City services such as garbage pickup can be made significantly more efficient, reducing costs and therefore adding to the city’s bottom line
- Modern-day cars are a lot less mechanical than what our parents drove. Today’s cars are highly computerized, with hundreds of sensors to assess everything from tire pressure to a loose gas cap. But today, they’re hundreds of individual sensors. Today a dashboard light alerts the driver that they have a tire with low air pressure – but that’s it; no information on how low, whether or not there’s a leak, or even which tire is affected. IoT connects all of these sensors, so that data can be communicated and centrally analyzed to produce actionable intelligence. By monitoring not only the air pressure, but also: the speed of air escape; road conditions; outside temperature, atmospheric pressure, and other relevant data, a centralized controller can analyze that data to turn it into actionable intelligence … does the tire need to be serviced right away? Can it wait? Or is the loss in pressure to be expected, given the other environmental conditions? In addition, the car has the ability to connect with the city’s infrastructure that controls traffic signals and road lighting, and monitors public parking spaces to save fuel and reduce traffic congestion. Finally, the sensors can interact with third-party applications such as GPS/mapping to enable dynamic re-routing to avoid traffic, accidents, and other hazards. Similarly, Internet-based entertainment including music and move streaming/downloads can maximize the comfort of a road trip.
- IoT requires that connectivity tools be added to the platform, as well as some network elements such as smaller, more self-contained switches and routers for fields, plants, and other operational environments. These network elements are frequently deployed in challenging environments that include harsh weather conditions, significant amounts of vibration, etc., so they need to be ruggedized to function under these conditions. [ANIMATE] Now here’s where it gets interesting … one of the primary differences between your existing IT network and an IoT network is all of these additional devices, sensors, and other “smart objects”. It’s important to note that these objects are networked together, yet they’re independent of your network – you don’t own them; oftentimes can’t see them; and you don’t control them in any way, shape, or form. Yet they’re sending petabytes of data through your network – data that’s required by the applications to function properly. [ANIMATE] Another difference is in the applications, themselves. Unlike today’s monolithic applications, where the main value is delivered locally from the application’s code, IoT applications derive most of their value from the intelligence that is collected from, and distributed throughout, the network; the application itself is merely the method employed to access that intelligence. [ANIMATE] Which leads us to the other major infrastructure difference in an IoT network, which is required to communicate and process all of this intelligence …
- As mentioned on the previous slide, the “IoT Network” isn’t a completely separate entity … rather, it utilizes the existing IT network as its foundation, and then supplements it with operational technology (OT) and the billions of sensors, devices, and other smart objects.
- Billions of new devices, located in more places throughout the world – many of which are insecure locations – are sending sensitive data through your network … however, these devices reside outside the secure embrace of the existing network. You don’t own them; oftentimes can’t see them; and you don’t control them in any way, shape, or form. Yet they’re sending petabytes of data through your network – data that’s required by the applications to function properly.
- Similarly, city services can be impacted, and even privacy and public safety can be thwarted …
- Legislation: mandatory that policy keeps up with technology so that citizens gain confidence in the new technology People’s momentarily context and roles can determine their attitudes towards new technology. An employee will resist his boss’ access to his or her mailbox while the same person may demand the same insight into the mailboxes of subordinates.