Administration in Bihar Police in Bihar Judiciary in Bihar

1. Administration,
Police and Judicial
System in Bihar

2. Introduction
§ Before 1905, Bihar was a part of British East India Company's Bengal Presidency. In
1905 the Bengal Presidency was divided and created two new provinces: East Bengal
and West Bengal. Until then Bihar was part of West Bengal.
§ Again, West Bengal and East Bengal reunited in 1911 but the people of Bihar and Orrisa
demanded a separate province based on language rather than religion. In 1912 Bihar
and Orissa Province was created separating from Bengal Presidency. In 1936, Bihar
and Orrisa Province divided into two new provinces: Bihar Province and Orissa Province.

3. Bihar and Orissa Province
Following Divisions were included in Bihar and Orissa Province when it separated from Bengal
Presidency in 1912:
• Bhagalpur Division (districts of Bhagalpur, Munger, Purnea and the Sonthal Parganas)
• Patna Division (Gaya, Patna and Shahabad)
• Tirhut Division (Champaran, Darbhanga, Muaffarpur and Saran)
• Chota Nagpur Division (Hazaribagh, Manbhum, Palamau, Ranchi and Singhbhum)
• Orissa Division (Angul, Balasore, Cuttack, Puri and Sambatpur)
§ On 1 April 1936 Bihar and Orissa Province was divided into two new provinces: Bihar
Province and Orissa Province

4. Bihar Province
§ In 1936, Bihar became a separate province including part
of Jharkhand.
§ After the independence of India in 1951, Bihar including Jharkhand
had 18 divisions, and had 55 districts in 1991.
§ In 2000, Bihar again divided into two states: the current Bihar
and Jharkhand. In 2001 Bihar had a total of 38 districts.

5. Administrative
System In
Bihar

6. Administrative structure of Bihar
§ Structurally Bihar is divided into divisions (Pramandal), districts (Zila), sub-
divisions (Anumandal) & circles (Aanchal).The state is divided into 9 divisions, 38
districts, 101 subdivisions and 534 circles.
§ 17 municipal corporations, 84 Nagar Parishads and 151 Nagar Panchayats,for
administrative purposes

7. Administrativ
e Structure
of Bihar

8. Divisions And Districts
§ There are 38 districts in Bihar, grouped
into 9 divisions —
Patna, Tirhut, Saran, Darbhanga, Kosi,
Purnia, Bhagalpur, Munger and Magadh

9. Districts
in Various
Divisions

10. Sub-Divisions of Bihar
§ Subdivision is an administrative unit below district level and above the block level in
every state of India.
§ A district may have one or more subdivisions.
§ Presently there are 101 subdivisions in 38 districts of Bihar.
§ Subdivisions are a group of blocks, which is administered by Sub-divisional Officer
(SDO) also called as Sub-divisional Magistrate (SDM).
§ SDM is similar to District Magistrate (DM) at subdivision level. They all are members of
either the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) or the Bihar Administrative Service (BAS).

11. Sub-Divisions
In Bihar

12. Sub-
Divisions of
Bihar

13. Sub-Divisions
Of Bihar

14. Sub-
Divisions of
Bihar

15. Sub-
Divisions
of Bihar

16. Sub-
Divisions
of Bihar

17. Blocks
§ Block is a sub-division of Tehsil, administratively earmarked for planning and
development.
§ The area is administered by a Block Development Officer (BDO), supported by several
technical specialists and village-level workers.
§ A community development block covers several gram panchayats, the local
administrative units at the village level.
§ Bihar is divided into 534 Blocks.

18. Police
System in
Bihar

19. Police System in Bihar
§ The Bihar Police Department is the law enforcement agency for the state
of Bihar, India, with its headquarters in Patna.
§ It has a sanctioned strength of 111,000 personnel, and as of 2017, employs 77,000
personnel.
§ The annual Budgeted Estimate (BE) for Bihar Police for the year 2020-21 is ₹10,021
crore, of which ₹145 crore has been allocated to Police Modernization.
§ The present DGP of Bihar Police is R. S. Bhatti, an IPS officer of 1990 batch

20. Policing History in Bihar
§ There is historical evidence of the adoption of intensive policing practices in the Magadh
empire more than 2,000 years ago, where the head of police was known as Dandapala. His
main role was to maintain law and order in the society while implementing harsh injunctions
of Arthashashtra to collect taxes and suppress rebellions.
§ Modern policing in Bihar started in 1862 under the provisions of the Indian Police Act 1861.
After Bihar was carved out as an independent province in 1912 from Bengal, the basic
structure of Police was created as it exists today
§ It's major reorganization Several pre-eminent police officers adorned pre-independent Bihar
Police Force. These include Mr. Walter Swain of Swain Beat system fame, Shri AK Sinha, the
first Indian to become an IGP of any province, Shri BN Mullick, the second director of
the Intelligence Bureau (IB), Khan Bahadur Azizul Haque, credited with the primary
development of the famous ‘1024 pigeonholes’ cabinet system eventually named after his
supervisor, Sir Edward Richard Henry

21. Policing History in Bihar
§ Post independence, Bihar Police led innovative policing measures, such as the creation
of a Police Welfare fund, Police Hospitals and Police Information Room (PIR) in 1952.
Bihar Policemen's Association, which looks after the interests of policemen, was one of
the first police welfare associations in all of India in 1967.
§ A Police Commission was also set up in 1958, whose mandate was to bring the police
closer to the people.
§ Patna Police got its new headquarter Sardar Patel Bhavan, Bailey Road in 2018.
§ The seven storied building with a helipad at the top is spread over almost 53,000 sqft
area. Prior to this, police headquarter of Bihar Police was located at the old
secretariat building since 1917

22. Organization Structure
§ Bihar Police comes under the direct control of the Department of Home
Affairs, Government of Bihar.
§ It has six divisions under the organizational structure, namely, Human Resource
Development and Training Division (TRG), Law & Order Division (L & O), Establishment
and Legal Division, Personnel and Welfare Division, Headquarter (DGP Office) and Budget
Division (HQRT), and Modernization, Crime Records and Provision Division (SCRB &Mod).
§ These are headed by four Additional Director General (ADGP), where ADGP (HQRT) has
an additional charge of Welfare division, and ADGP (L & O) with that of Establishment and
Legal Division.
§ The Training division is headed by DGP (Training), while the latter five are headed by
Director General (DGP).

23. Organizational Structure
§ For geographic workload distribution, the state is divided into 12 ranges, each range
consisting of three to six districts. The central range (Patna and Nalanda), Gaya range (Gaya,
Aurangabad, Nawada, Jehanabad and Arwal), Tirhut range (Muzaffarpur, Vaishali, Sheohar
and Sitamarhi), Mithila range (Darbhanga, Madhubani and Samsatipur), and Purnia range
(Purnia, Kishanganj, Katihar and Araria) are headed by IG rank officers, while other ranges
are headed by DIG rank officers.
§ Each district is commanded by a Superintendent of Police (SP), where as Patna is under a
Senior Superintendent of Police.
§ Earlier, the state also had a zonal division into four police zones. Introduced in 1982, each
zone consisted of two to four ranges, and was headed by an IG level officer. This system
was abolished in 2019, and only rail police zone continues to exist

24. Hierarchy
§ Officers
• Director General of Police (DGP)
• Additional Director General of Police (ADGP)
• Inspector General of Police (IG)
• Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG)
• Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP)
• Superintendent of Police (SP)
• Additional Superintendent of Police (ASP)
• Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) or Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP)

25. Hierarchy
§ Sub-ordinates
• Inspector of Police
• Sub-Inspector of Police
• Assistant Sub-Inspector of Police
• Head Constable
• Senior Constable
• Constable

26. Judicial System in Bihar

27. Introduction
§ The Indian judicial system follows the common law system based on
recorded judicial precedents as inherited from the British colonial legacy.
§ The court system of India comprises the Supreme Court of India, the High
Courts and subordinate courts at district, municipal and village levels.

28. Hierarchy of Courts
§ The Indian judiciary is divided into several levels in order to decentralize and address
matters at the grassroots levels. The basic structure is as follows:
§ 1. Supreme Court: It is the Apex court of the country and was constituted on 28th
January 1950. It is the highest court of appeal and enjoys both original suits and appeals
of High Court judgments. The Supreme Court is comprised of the Chief Justice of India
and 25 other judges. Articles 124-147 of the Constitution of India lay down the
authority of the Supreme Court.
§ 2. High Courts: High Courts are the highest judicial body at the State level. Article 214
lays down the authority of High Courts. There are 25 High Courts in India. High Courts
exercise civil or criminal jurisdiction only if the subordinate courts in the State are not
competent to try the matters. High Courts may even take appeals from lower courts. High
Court judges are appointed by the President of India upon consultation with the Chief
Justice of India, the Chief Justice of the High Court and the Governor of the State.
§ 3. District Courts: District Courts are established by the State Governments of India for
every district or group of districts based on the caseload and population density. District
Courts are under the direct administration of High Courts and are bound by High Court
judgments. Every district generally has two kinds of courts:
§ a. Civil Courts

29. Hierarchy of Courts
§ District Courts are presided over by District Judges. Additional District Judges
and Assistant District Judges may be appointed based on the caseload. Appeals
against District Court judgments lie in the High Court.
§ 4. Lok Adalats/Village Courts: these are subordinate courts at the village level
which provide a system for alternate dispute resolution in villages.
§ 5. Tribunals: the Constitution provides the government with the power to set up
special Tribunals for the administration of specific matters such as tax cases, land
cases, consumer cases etc.
§ Appellate jurisdiction refers to the authority of a court to rehear/review a case
decided by a lower court. In India, appellate jurisdiction is vested in both the
Supreme Court and High Courts. They may either overrule or uphold the
judgments of lower courts.

30. Civil Courts
§ Civil courts provide remedies for civil wrongs committed by individuals against other
individuals and entities. Civil matters range from property disputes to breaches of contract
to divorce cases. Civil courts follow the principle of ubi jus ibi remedium (for every wrong
the law provides remedy). Unless expressly or impliedly barred by any other law in force,
civil courts have the jurisdiction to try all suits of civil nature.
§ The Code of Civil Procedure (CPC) 1908 governs the procedures to be followed by civil
courts in administering civil cases in India.
§ As a matter of fact, every suit must be instituted before the court of lowest jurisdiction
(the Munsif court). Upon institution, it is decided whether the respective court has
competence to try the case.
§ The Civil Court hierarchy in districts is as follows:
§ 1. District Court: The court of district judges is the highest civil court in a district. It
exercises both judicial and administrative functions. The District Judge combines the
powers of trying both civil and criminal cases. Hence, they are designated the District and
Sessions Judge.
§ 2. Sub-judge Court: if the value of the subject-matter of the suit is worth more than Rs. 1
lakh, the Sub-judge and Additional Sub-judge courts may try the suit.
§ 3. Additional Sub-judge Court: this is created based on the case-load.

31. Criminal Courts
§ The power of the various criminal courts is mentioned under
the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC).
§ According to Section 26 of the CrPC, any offence mentioned under
the Indian Penal Code may be tried by:
1.High Courts
2.Courts of Session
3.Any other Court as specified in the First Schedule of the Code of
Criminal Procedure

32. Patna High Court
§ The Patna High Court is the High Court of the state of Bihar. It was established on 3
February 1916 and later affiliated under the Government of India Act 1915.
§ The court is based in Patna, the administrative capital of the state of Bihar, India.
§ Patna High Court oversees all the Sub-ordinate courts in the State of Bihar.

33. Thank You