2. PRESENTED BY
MAYLAI LEW- ROLL NO. 29
KRISHNAJITH K S -ROLL NO. 28
JOYOSON MATHAI-ROLL NO. 30

3. SOCIETY
• “A society grows great when old men plant trees whose
shade they know they shall never sit in.”

4. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A SOCIETY?
The community of people living in a particular region and having shared
customs, laws, and organizations.
A group of people related to each other through persistent relationship such
as social status, role, network etc.
The word „society‟ is derived from french word „societe‟ which means
fellowship.

5. TYPES OF SOCIETIES
 Tribal Societies
 Horticultural societies
 Agrarian societies
 Feudal societies
 Industrial societies
 Post-industrial societies

6. TRIBAL SOCIETIES
 Group of people occupying a contiguous territory, and having a
feeling of unity derived from numerous similarities in culture,
frequent contacts and certain community interests.
 Different tribal groups have different occupations

7. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES
 Fruits and vegetables grown in garden plots that have been
cleared from the jungle or forest provide the main source of
food in a horticultural society.

8. AGRARIAN SOCIETIES
 Agrarian societies use agricultural technological advances to
cultivate crops over a large area.
 Sociologists use the phrase agricultural revolution to refer to the
technological changes that occurred as long as 8,500 years ago
that led to cultivating crops and raising farm animals.

9. FEUDAL SOCIETIES
 Feudalism was a form of society based on ownership of land.
 Unlike today's farmers, vassals under feudalism were bound to
cultivating their lord's land.
 In exchange for military protection, the lords exploited the
peasants into providing food, crops, crafts, homage, and other
services to the landowner.

10. INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
 Industrial societies can be defined as a social system whose
mode of production focuses primarily on finished goods
manufacturing with the help of machines.

11. POST INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
 Postindustrial societies are societies dominated by
information, services, and high technology more than the
production of goods.
 Advanced industrial societies are now seeing a shift toward an
increase in service sectors over manufacturing and production.

12. NATURE OF SOCIETIES
 Professional Societies
 Charitable Societies
 Economic Co-operative Societies
 Religious And Cultural Societies

13. PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES
 These societies are promoted by the professionals to enhance
their profession and bring out a common code of conduct.
 These societies are also termed as associations.
 It includes associations like :

14. CHARITABLE SOCIETIES
• These are non profit organizations to help the needy persons of
the society.
• Sometimes they are also known as non government
organizations financially supported by corporates and other
philanthrophists .

15. ECONOMIC CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES
 Economic Co-operative Societies includes many societies like
housing, agro processing, credit, marketing etc which help their
members in a particular trade , either through their own
resources or from the government
 It includes housing societies, co-operative banks etc

16. RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL SOCIETIES
• These societies are formed to revive and maintain
specific cultures, traditions, and religious foundations.
Church associations Temple trusts

17. ADVANTAGES OF A SOCIETY
 It Promotes Teamwork
 It Teaches Co-operation
 It Teaches To Share And Care
 It Brings In Synergy
 It Provides A Balance Between Independence And Inter-dependence

18. SOCIAL GROUPS
 In the social sciences a social group has been defined as two or
more humans who interact with one another, share similar
characteristics and collectively have a sense of unity.

19. TYPES OF SOCIAL GROUPS
 Categorical group –
Member of this group share particular characteristics and a
common identity.
 Aggregate group –
An aggregate is any collection of people who are together in
one place without interacting with one another.

20. TYPES OF SOCIAL GROUPS
 Collective groups –
These are temporary groups which are not generally
governed by established norms of the culture and are
composed of people who share some kind of belief which
motivates them to prepare for action.
 Association group –
This group is composed of people who join together in an
organized manner to pursue a common interest.

21. SOME SUCCESSFUL COOPERATIVES -
CASE STUDY
1. The Study
• Panchayats and co-operatives were the most important
institutions on which the success of the new experiments in
democratic decentralization was largely dependent.
• Keeping in view the role of these institutions in the implementation of
development programmes, the PEO decided to undertake detailed
examination of a few successful Panchayats/Co-operatives mainly to
find out the factors responsible for their success.
• The result of these case studies were presented in two separate
reports. The present report related to study of seven
co-operative societies located in different parts of the country.

22. CASE STUDY
• Nine Successful Panchayats were studied, the similar details thereof
were Presented.
• The institutions were selected on the basis of some broad criteria.
• These were that they should have been in existence for a
reasonably long period, diversified their sphere of activity, raised
their volume of business, increased membership among different
classes and yet retained the basic characteristics of the co-operative
form of organisation.

23. CASE STUDY
2. objectives
i) To discover factors responsible for the success of cooperative
societies.
ii) To study the relative position of the large and small Cooperative
Societies regarding the extent of coverage of families in their area of
operation, extent of promotion of thrift in the villages, and of supply
of credit to the weaker sections of the people.

24. CASE STUDY
3. Sample Size/Criteria for selection of Sample
• The study was conducted on seven cooperative societies.
• Four among the best cooperative societies were selected in consultation with
Ministry-of Community Development' and Cooperation.
• The selection of the first four cooperatives was made in three stages viz., the State,
the district and the institution. At every stage the selection was purposive. The
additional best cooperatives were selected in consultation with the district officers of
the State Govt.
• The final selection was confined to the institutions, on the basis of the data supplied
by the field officers, showed better performance than others.
• Finally, the seven societies selected for the study were located in six states; 2 in
Punjab and one each in Uttar Pradesh, Bombay, Mysore, Madras and Andhra
Pradesh.

25. CASE STUDY
5. Main Findings
1. All the societies were favourably located and enjoyed good
communication facilities such as pucca roads, frequent bus services and
in some instances, railway service. Besides, some of them operated in
districts and areas where there was a vigorous cooperative movement and
or helpful central financial agency.
2. The social environment in which the seven societies were
working did not show much uniformity. One society was functioning in a
village dominated by a single caste and another in a village where one
caste had a * bare majority of the population. The remaining societies
were functioning in multi-caste-villages.
3. The membership of most of the societies reflected only
broadly the caste and occupational composition of the villages they
served.

26. CASE STUDY
4. Some of the societies had succeeded in spite of the presence
of factions in their villages. This was mainly due to factor. of
leadership. The selected societies were fortunate in this respect. Their
president, vice presidents and treasurers were known for their honesty
and public service. The good leadership had checked the spread of virus
of faction.
5. The selected societies owed their success in part to the
relative prosperity of the villages and the areas where they were
situated., All but one were located in large villages with population
exceeding 5,000. Again most of them had been enjoying fairly extensive
irrigation facilities which had helped in bringing considerable areas
under cash crops.
6. The ultimate test of the success of a co-operative society,
in particular as a commercial enterprise,- was found in the growth of
its business and the soundness of its finance. The selected societies satisfied this test
fully.

27. CASE STUDY
7. Besides distribution of loans which was their primary
function, most of them had taken up other activities, e.g. distribution
of consumer and agricultural goods, simple processing operations etc.
8. The factors finally responsible for the success of the
societies had been efficient management, the service of a trained or
experienced secretary and the conduct of the members of the managing
committee in repaying loans taken by them.

28. CONCLUSION
 The existence of man is possible by society.
 It is necessary to develop the feeling of self because with the help of this the
person learn the characteristics of society and work accordingly and becomes a
social animal.
The life of a man depends on social relations. Without society we cannot
hope the security of his life.
Society controls his activities and secures his life through various relations.
Society not only provides security to the man but it is the main basis of his
progress and development.

29. A PROJECT BY -
Krishnajith Sudhakaran [28]
May Lai Lew [29]
Joyoson Mathai [30]