Physico chemical basis of life

Physico-Chemical Basis of Life Joy Grace Tablante More Free PowerPoint Templates at SmileTemplates.com

Physical Basis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Matter Flowchart MATTER Can it be physically separated? Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture Compound yes no Element MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE Can it be chemically decomposed? no yes Is the composition uniform? no yes Colloids Suspensions

Chemical Basis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],MATTER

Compounds can either be Inorganic or Organic. These compounds are nutrients which provide energy or materials for all cell activities. Living things are mostly made of organic compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen. Often they contain oxygen too

[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ELEMENTS

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],TRACE ELEMENTS

ATOM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ATOMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mass Number ,[object Object],[object Object]

ATOMS ,[object Object],[object Object],Example: A Lithium has 3 protons and 3 neutrons inside the nucleus with 3 electrons orbiting around the nucleus as shown below.

IONS “ charged” atoms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CATION ANION when Li, Be and Ca loose their electrons the "new" valence electrons in the ion are drawn in. These elemental ions are stable in the sense that they will not readily gain or loose electrons. However, since they are charged they can combine electrostatically to form ionic bonds. the resulting compound is called "ionic" or "salt", e.g., Ca+ + 2Cl- ---> Ca(Cl)2 = calcium chloride. H + : a positively charged hydrogen ion H : the hydrogen atom H - : a negatively charged hydrogen ion

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ISOTOPES

Radioactive Isotopes (radioisotopes) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Radioactivity ,[object Object],[object Object]

Radioactive Isotopes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0

How brain function is studied now? PET, CAT, MRI, etc. Music Appreciation Hearing, speaking, seeing, thinking about words

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],REACTIVITY

Reactivity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],CHEMICAL BONDS

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0 IONIC BOND Transfer of electron Na Sodium atom Cl Chlorine atom Na + Sodium ion Cl – Chloride ion Sodium chloride (NaCl) Na Cl Cl Na + – – –

[object Object],[object Object],0 ,[object Object],[object Object],Na + Cl –

0 ,[object Object],[object Object],COVALENT BOND

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0

0 ,[object Object],[object Object],Hydrogen bonding occurs in other biologically important compounds such as proteins and DNA. HYDROGEN BOND Hydrogen bond (+) (+) H H (+) (+) (–) (–) (–) (–) O

[object Object],[object Object],0 + – – – – – – – – – – + + + + + Na + + Na + Cl – Ion in solution Salt crystal Cl –

[object Object],Kinetic Nature of Matter

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Phases of Matter

[object Object],[object Object],Other states of matter

Physical Properties ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Physical Changes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0 Liquid water Hydrogen bonds constantly break and re-form Ice Hydrogen bonds are stable Hydrogen bond

Chemical Properties and Chemical Change ,[object Object],[object Object]

Sure Signs of a Chemical Change ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Physical vs. Chemical ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Physical vs. Chemical ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Types of Mixtures ,[object Object],Heterogeneous – visibly separate phases Homogeneous – Same throughout

CHEMICAL REACTIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0 2 H2 O2 2 H2O

Chemical Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object]

Decomposition ,[object Object],[object Object]

Exchange ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Importance of acids, bases and salts in living organisms

[object Object],0 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Basic solution Oven cleaner Acidic solution Neutral solution pH scale 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Lemon juice, gastric juice Grapefruit juice, soft drink Tomato juice Human urine Pure water Human blood Seawater Milk of magnesia Household ammonia Household bleach Increasingly ACIDIC (Higher concentration of H + ) NEUTRAL [H + ]=[OH – ] H + H + H + OH – H + H + H + OH – H + H + OH – OH – H + H + OH – OH – OH – H + H + H + OH – OH – OH – OH – OH – OH – H + Increasingly BASIC (Lower concentration of H + ) OH – H + 14 13

Salts ,[object Object],[object Object],HCl NaOH NaCl + water + = Acid Base Salt + = NaOH Acetic Acid Sodium Acetate + water

Electrolytes ,[object Object],[object Object]

Physico chemical basis of life

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