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1. 1

2. Synthesis and Characterization of Castor
Oil Based Polyurethane Dispersions For
Textiles Applications
Name: MUHAMMAD WASEEM AKRAM
Roll No: 4402
Programme: M. Phil
Session: 2016-2018
Supervisor: Dr. Shazia Tabasum
Department: Applied Chemistry
Government College University Faisalabad
2

3. Introduction
 PU have urethane linkage (-NHCOO-).
 Formed from polyol and isocyanate
 Chains are composed of hard isocyanate and soft
polyol segments
3

4. Properties
 Good biocompatibility
 Mechanical properties
 High hardness
 High strength
 High elongation at break
4
Introduction

5. Applications
Dispersions
Adhesives
 Blood bags
 Casting
 Coatings
 Elastomers
 Fibers
 Foams
 Heart valves 5
Introduction

6. (1) Petrobased PU:-
 Conventionally, the PUs was prepared from i.e. diol
and diisocyanate which was petrobased in nature
• Disadvantages
 Health hazards
 Breathing and skin problems
 Toxic nature
 Non renewable
 Expensive
6
Introduction

7. (2) Vegetable oil based PU:-
 The vegetable oils such as Castor oil, linseed oil
canola oil, palm oil and sunflower oil can be used for
PU Synthesis
• Advantages
 Reduction of environmental impact
 Reduction of greenhouse gas emission
 Renewable
 Abundantly available
 Non toxic
7
Introduction

8. Castor oil
Termed as natural polyol
Naturally contains hydroxyl group 90% is
ricinoleic acid with one hydroxyl group on 12th
C and a double bond between the 9th & 10th C
Liquid at room temperature
Hydrogenated CO is solid, with MP 86o C
Mixture of triols (70%), diols (21%) and monols
(about 7%)
8
Introduction

9. Long chain fatty acid and leads itself as a
thermosetting type material
Trifunctional in nature
Used as cross-linking monomer with hydroxyl
9
Introduction
O
OH
O
CH2
CH
CH2 O
O
O
O
OH
OH

10. Reason for choosing castor oil
Natural polyol
Low cost
High purity
Renewable
Low toxicity
10
Introduction

11. Dispersion
Dispersions are colloidal systems having polymer
in the form of finely dispersed particles in the
dispersion media.
They have applications in coating, paints, paper,
adhesives, leather and textile industry.
11
Introduction

12. Aims & objectives
To synthesize castor oil based polyurethane with
improved properties for textile applications.
To synthesize PU from renewable sources which
are cheaper than petrochemicals source.
Structural characterization of prepared sample by
various textile test after application of castor oil
based PU dispersion has been carried out.
12

13. Novelty of work
 In the recent published work none of the
researchers has prepared Castor oil based PU
dispersion for textile applications.
13

14. Review of literature
 Samy A. Madbouly et al., prepared Castor Oil-
Based Waterborne Polyurethane Dispersions.
 Vivek et al., (2017) Synthesized polymer
networks from transesterified castor oil based
polyurethane and polystyrene
 Nguyen et al., (2016) synthesized castor oil-
segmented thermoplastic polyurethane with
controlled mechanical properties.
14

15. Camila S. et al., (2016) prepared polyurethane
foams from a simple mixture of castor oil, crude
glycerol and untreated lignin as bio-based
polyols.
Mihail et al., (2016) prepared rigid polyurethanes
from Highly functional polyols of castor oil.
 Gurunathan et al., (2015) synthesized Isocyanate
terminated castor oil-based polyurethane prepolymer
15
Review of literature

16.  Sandra et al., (2016) prepared castor oil based
flexible polyurethane foam
 Sonalee et al., (2016) prepared transesterified castor
oil based polyurethane coatings.
 Suzana et al., (2016) synthesized waterborne
polyurethane/silica hybrid dispersions from
castor oil polyols
16
Review of literature

17. Materials
• Three-necked round bottomed flask
• Thermometer
• Distilled water
• Oil bath
• Hot plate
• Mechanical stirrer
• Weight balance
• Beaker
• Condenser
17
Materials and Method

18. Materials
• Castor oil (CO)
• Dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA)
18
Materials and Method
O
OH
O
CH2
CH
CH2 O
O
O
O
OH
OH

19. • Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI)
• Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL)
19
Materials and Method

20. • Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)
• Triethylamine (TEA).
20
Materials and Method

21. Method
A 500 ml round bottomed, three-necked flask
equipped with mechanical stirrer, condenser, and
thermometer was taken. The temperature was
controlled by oil bath. 5.0 g of castor oil, 3.12 g of
IPDI, 0.93 g of DMPA, and 1 drop of DBTDL as
catalyst were mixed in the reactor at 78 °C for 1 h.
21
Materials and Method

22. Method
Then 25 mL of MEK was added, the reaction was
continued for another 2 h at 78 °C to reduce the
viscosity of the reacted mixture and prevent
gelation. The mixture was cooled to room
temperature, then TEA 1.116 g was added under
continuous stirring for 30 min. Then 30 ml of water
was added dropwise over 30 min at an agitation
speed of 600 rpm to prepare stable dispersions.
22
Materials and Method

23. Synthesis of aqueous PU
23
cont.......
C
CH3
COOH
HOH2C CH2OH
R
OCN NCO
(DMPA)
(Diisocyanate)
C
CH3
COOH
OH2C CH2O
HNC CNH
O
R
O
R NHC
CHN
O
R/
O
R/
=R/
O
OH
O
CH2
CH
CH2 O
O
O
O
OH
+
Castor Oil
OH
PU monomer

24. Synthesis of aqueous PU
24
C
CH3
COOH
OH2C CH2O
HNC CNH
O
R
O
R NHC
CHN
O
R/
O
R/
PU monomer
C
CH3
COO
OH2C CH2O
HNC CNH
O
R
O
R NHC
CHN
O
R/
O
R/
NH(C2H5)3
Aqueous PU dispersion
water
(C2H5)3N

25. Results and Discussion
Structural characterization of Castor oil
The Castor oil is a natural polyol has been
confirmed by carrying out FT-IR. The FT-IR spectra
of polyol i.e. Castor oil presented the feature bands
at 3420 cm-1 (free-OH stretching vibration),
2923cm-1 (C-H stretching of CH2), 2853cm-1 (C-H
stretching of CH3), 1742cm-1 (C=O stretching),
1458cm-1 (C-H bending), 1161cm-1 (C-O
stretching), 723cm-1 (CH2 rocking)
25

26. Results and Discussion
FT-IR of Castor oil
26

27. Results and Discussion
Structural characterization of IPDI
The FT-IR Spectra of IPDI shows the characteristic
peak at 2951.1cm-1 (C-H anti-symmetric stretching
of CH2) and 2240cm-1 (NCO peak).
27

28. Results and Discussion
FT-IR of IPDI
28

29. Results and Discussion
Structural characterization of HMDI
The FT-IR Spectra of HMDI shows the
characteristic peak at 2941.41 cm-1 (C-H anti-
symmetric stretching of CH2), 2866.22 cm-1 (C-H
symmetric stretching of CH2) and 2254.79 cm-1
(NCO peak).
29

30. Results and Discussion
FT-IR of HMDI
30

31. Results and Discussion
Structural characterization of H12MDI
The FT-IR Spectra of H12MDI shows the
characteristic peak at 2941.41 cm-1 (C-H anti-
symmetric stretching of CH2), 2866.22 cm-1 (C-H
symmetric stretching of CH2) and 2260.79 cm-1
(NCO peak).
31

32. Results and Discussion
FT-IR of H12MDI
32

33. Results and Discussion
Structural characterization of TDI
The FT-IR Spectra of TDI shows the characteristic
peak at 2241.28 cm-1 (NCO peak).
33

34. Results and Discussion
FT-IR of TDI
34

35. Results and Discussion
Structural characterization of MDI
The FT-IR Spectra of MDI shows the characteristic
peak at 2256.89 cm-1 (NCO peak).
35

36. Results and Discussion
FT-IR of MDI
36

37. Results and Discussion
Structural characterization of PU Dispersion
The FT-IR Spectra of PU Dispersion shows the
characteristic peak at 3363cm-1 (N-H) and 1638cm-1
(C=O peak) 1551cm-1 C-N-H .
37

38. Results and Discussion
FT-IR of PU Dispersion
38

39. Characterization
 Physical characterization
• Hydroxyl number:
The hydroxyl value of the polyol has been determined
by the p-toluenesulfonyl isocyanate method (ASTM
1899) which is 160–168 mg KOH/g.
39

40. Summary
PU has urethane linkage (-NHCOO-) and can be used as
biomaterials in biomedical applications due to their superior
mechanical properties and good biocompatibility.
Polyurethanes are the most versatile polymers used in
foams, coatings, adhesives, sealants, elastomers, fibers and
as casting compounds. Polyurethanes are made from
isocyanates and polyols. Castor oil (CO) is a type of natural
vegetable oil and is termed as natural polyol because it
naturally contains hydroxyl groups. The present research
work is based on synthesis and characterization of castor oil
based polyurethane. The aqueous polyurethane has been
prepared by reacting the castor oil polyol with pre polymer
of polyurethane.
40

41. References
• Akram, D., Hakami, O., Sharmin, E., & Ahmad, S. (2017). Castor and Linseed oil
polyurethane/TEOS hybrids as protective coatings: A synergistic approach utilising
plant oil polyols, a sustainable resource. Progress in Organic Coatings, 108, 1-14.
doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2017.03.012
• Biological Oils as Precursors to Novel Polymeric Materials. (2013). Journal of
Renewable Materials, 1(3), 167-186. doi:10.7569/jrm.2013.634112
• Cakić, S. M., Ristić, I. S., Cincović, M. M., Stojiljković, D. T., János, C. J.,
Miroslav, C. J., & Stamenković, J. V. (2015). Glycolyzed poly(ethylene terephthalate)
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lignin as bio-based polyols. European Polymer Journal, 85, 53-61.
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42. References
• Cordero, A. I., Amalvy, J. I., Fortunati, E., Kenny, J. M., & Chiacchiarelli, L. M. (2015).
The role of nanocrystalline cellulose on the microstructure of foamed castor-oil
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• Das, S., Pandey, P., Mohanty, S., & Nayak, S. K. (2016). Effect of nanosilica on the
physicochemical, morphological and curing characteristics of transesterified castor oil
based polyurethane coatings. Progress in Organic Coatings, 97, 233-243.
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(2017). The influence of crude glycerol and castor oil-based polyol on the structure
and performance of rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate foams. Industrial Crops
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43. References
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polyurethane wood adhesives by polyols formulated with polyester polyols based on
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44. Any Questions
?
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