Teoría celular, cell theory
Estructura celular: membrana, citoplasma y núcleo. Membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus
Orgánulos celulares, organelles.
Mitosis y meiosis
Satirical Depths - A Study of Gabriel Okara's Poem - 'You Laughed and Laughed...
La celula: la teoría celular, estructura y función. La división celular
1. La célula - Cell
OBJETIVOS:
1. Valorar la importancia de la teoría celular.
2. Conocer la célula y sus componentes (estructura).
a) Membrana: control de intercambio e interacción.
b) Citoplasma: orgánulos celulares.
c) Núcleo: la información genética (ADN).
3. Conocer las funciones celulares.
a) La función de los orgánulos celulares.
4. Tipos de células:
a) Procariota y eucariota.
b) Animal y vegetal.
5. La división celular:
a) Mitosis
b) Meiosis
2. CONTENIDOS:
1. Teoría celular
2. Funciones de la célula:
a) Nutrición.
b)Relación.
c) Reproducción.
3. Tipos de células
4. La célula eucariota:
a) Estructura.
b) Orgánulos celulares y función,
5. La reproducción:
a) Mitosis
b) Meiosis
3. Cell theory
• Robert Hooke – first person
to see cell (1665)
• Leeuwehoek – first person to
see living cells in pond water
(1673)
• Schwann – zoologist who
observed tissues of animals
had cells (1839)
• Schleiden – botanist,
observed tissues o plants
contained cells (1845)
• Virchow – reported that
every living thing is made of
vital units, known as cells
(1850)
• Remak - discovers cell
division and affirm that cells
come only from pre-existing
cells.
4. 1. All living things are made of cells
Unicellular organisms are single-celled
and can carry out all of the
functions of life independently.
Multicellular organisms have
specialized cells to carry out specific
functions.
Longitudinal section of a root tip of Maize (Zea mays)
by Science and Plants for Schools on Flickr (CC) http://flic.kr/p/bNNM6M
5. 2. Cells are the smallest units of life.
Organelles cannot
survive alone.
Paramecium multimicronucleatum
by Proyecto Agua on Flickr (CC) http://flic.kr/p/7W7J3y
Specialized
structures
within cells
(organelles)
carry out
different
functions.
6. 3. Cells come
Only from
Existing cells
Cells multiply through
division:
• Mitosis results in
genetically identical diploid
daughter cells.
• Meiosis generates haploid
gametes (sex cells).
4-cell stage of a sea biscuit by Bruno Vellutini on Flickr (CC) http://flic.kr/p/daWnnS
7. WHAT´S A CELL?
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions
Nutrition
Reproduction
Responsiveness
8. Cell Structure
• All Cells have:
an outermost plasma
membrane
cytoplasm, the region
where chemical
reactions take place.
Comprises cytosol and
the organelles.
genetic material in the
form of DNA
9. Cell Structure
• All Cells have:
an outermost plasma membrane
• Structure – phospholipid bilayer with
embedded proteins
• Function – isolates cell contents, controls
what gets in and out of the cell, receives
signals
10. Cell Structure
• All Cells have:
genetic material in the form of DNA
• Eukaryotes – DNA is within a membrane
(nucleus)
• Prokaryotes – no membrane around the
DNA (DNA region called nucleoid)
11. Cell Structure
• All Cells have:
cytoplasm with organelles
• Cytoplasm – fluid area, gel-like, inside
outer plasma membrane and outside
DNA region
• Organelles – is a specialized subunit
within a cell that has a specific function,
and it is usually separately enclosed
within its own lipid membrane
16. Cell Membrane - structure
Anchoring the
cytoskeleton to
provide shape to
the cell, and in
attaching to the
extracellular matrix
and other cells to
help group cells
together to form
tissues.
Responsiveness.
17. Outer membrane of cell that controls
movement in and out of the cell (selectively
permeable).
13/10/14
Cell membrane - funtion
• Passive transport (Facilitated diffusion) –
when the plasma membrane “helps”
particles pass through protein channels.
No energy used
18. Cell membrane - funtion
• Active transport – when the plasma
membrane uses energy to move particles
against a concentration gradient.
19. Cell boundaries 2
•Cell walls
Rigid layer
around the
membrane found
only in bacteria,
fungi and plants.
20. Cytoplasm
• Area enclosed within the cell membrane.
• Contains hyaloplasm or cytosol: jelly-like
mixture of cytoskeleton filaments, dissolved
molecules, and water (80%).
• Contains all the organelles.
• It is within the cytoplasm that most cellular
activities occur, such as many metabolic
pathways.
24. Endoplasmic reticulum
• Moves
materials
around in
cell:
• Lipids and
carbohydrates
in
smooth type
• Proteins in
rough type
25. Golgi apparatus
• Protein 'packaging plant'
• Move materials within the cell and out
of the cell by using vesicles
26. Vacuole
• Membrane-bound
sacs
for storage,
digestion,
and waste
removal
• Help plants
maintain
shape
27. Lysosome
• Vesicles containing enzymes, which are capable of
breaking down virtually all kinds of biomolecules.
• Transports undigested material to cell membrane
for removal
28. Ribosomes
Molecular complex of protein synthesis (translation).
Found on rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and
floating throughout the cell.
Consist of two components:
• small ribosomal subunit which reads the RNA
• large subunit which joins amino acids to form a
polypeptide chain.
It is composed of: ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and a
variety of proteins.
32. Cell division
MITOSIS
División por mitosis - Manuel Antonio Medina
Stages of mitosis – McGraw-Hill
http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/averroes/manuales/materiales_tic/Cell_anim_archivos/Cell_anim_archivos/mitosis_Medina.swf
http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/averroes/manuales/materiales_tic/Cell_anim_archivos/Cell_anim_archivos/mitosis_citoknsMCGRAW.swf
Fases de la mitosis – John Kyrk
http://www.johnkyrk.com/mitosis.html
37. MEIOSIS
División por meiosis – Manuel Antonio Medina
http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/averroes/manuales/materiales_tic/Cell_anim_archivos/Cell_anim_archivos/meiosis_Medina.swf
Stages of meiosis – McGraw-Hill
http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/averroes/manuales/materiales_tic/Cell_anim_archivos/Cell_anim_archivos/meiosisMcGraw.swf
Fases de la meiosis – John Kyrk
http://www.johnkyrk.com/meiosis.html