INTRO TO BRITISH CULTURE

INTRODUCTION TO BRITISH CULTURE

October 2009

汇报部门(人
汇报部门人):
Presented by: Tony Dean

上海汽车集团股份有限公司乘用车公司
SAIC Motor Passenger Vehicle Co. 1

Some of the Slides in this presentation
have been modified from the original
to suit the PDF. presentation format


Content
What is Culture - Definition

British Culture - Background
Geography
History
Politics
People
Education
Traditions
Economics
Language
Communication and Media
Food
Etiquette

British Culture - In the workplace
Meetings
Communication
Problem Solving
Planning
Team Working

British Culture – Free Time

British Culture – working in China
Differences in culture – a humorous overview


What is Culture - Definition

Culture is a way of life of a group of people--the
behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept,
generally without thinking about them, and that are
passed along by communication and imitation from one
generation to the next.

Culture is the collective programming of the mind which
distinguishes the members of one human group from
another

Culture is “the way we do things round here”



What is the difference between Great Britain, and The
United Kingdom?

Great Britain -is made up of
England, Scotland and Wales

The United Kingdom (UK) is both
Great Britain, i.e.England,Scotland
and Wales,and Northern Ireland (NI).

There is no difference between
the names Great Britain and Britain


The British (UK) flag – sometimes called the Union Jack - is
made up from three other flags


Geography

Where is Britain?

Manchester,
53o North

Shanghai,
31o North

SAIC Motor Passenger Vehicle Co.

Geography
How big is Britain (UK)?
Hunan Province Britain

Area: 211,800km2 Area: 244,800km2
Population: 66,980,000 Population: 61,610,000
Density: 316/km2 Density: 251/km2


Geography

How big is Britain’s Largest City?
Shanghai London

Area: 1,928km2 Area: 1,580km2
Population: 14,800,000 Population: 7,620,000
Density: 7,170/km2 Density: 4,860/km2


Geography
Where is SMTC UK based?

Birmingham – the second
largest city in Britain


Geography
Major Cities
London - is Britain’s largest city and the capitol with 7,620,000 people
Birmingham with 1,010,000 people.
Glasgow (Scotland) has 640,000 people
Edinburgh (Scotland) has 450,000 people
Liverpool and Manchester 400,000 people each
Belfast (Northern Ireland) has 280,000 people
Cardiff (Wales) has 270,000 people
Scotland has the lowest population density (64/km2). This is the same as
Gansu Province


British history
Around 2,000 years ago – The Romans
50 BC – 400 (AD) Roman rule has a large impact on England.

The Roman Empire was
extensive

Biggest single influence on Britain


British history
Around 2,000 years ago – The Romans - Continued
The Romans moved north and west through British Tribes until they met
the fearsome Picts and the cold, wet weather.
They stopped and built Hadrian’s Wall instead.
This area became Scotland!


British history

Roman Towns
London
Manchester
Cambridge
Exeter
Carlisle
Chester
Colchester
York
Newcastle
Bath

These are still Towns or Cities in
Britain today


British history Typical Roman Road

Roman Roads

today
1600 years ago


British history
1500 - 1000 years ago
400 – 600AD Anglo-Saxon tribes from Germany displace the Celts
and Romans. Many people in England today are of Anglo-Saxon origin.
Many people in Scotland and Ireland remain of Celtic origin.
600 – 800 Christianisation of Britain
750 – 800 King Offa of Wales created the ‘pound’ (£ sterling).
The pound sterling is the oldest currency still traded,

800 – 900 Vikings from Denmark invade
and settle in some areas

1066 Normans from France invade Britain

THIS WAS THE LAST TIME
ANY OTHER COUNTRY
INVADED BRITAIN

British history

Recent times
1707 – Scotland and England joined in a Union
1733 – the first British colony in America. In 1776 the colony declared
independence
1780s – with the invention of the steam engine, the Industrial Revolution
brought prosperity and child labour
1900 – British empire. Britain had the largest navy in the world

1914 – 1960 – The cost of
2 world wars led to the
decline of the British Empire
and formation of the
‘Commonwealth’


British history
Inventions & Patents
Over the past 50 years, Japanese research showed that 40%
of discoveries taken up worldwide originated in Britain.
Here are a few British inventions…

1698 – Tom Savery invented the first steam engine.
Later perfected by Jim Watt in 1775 in Birmingham
and led to the Industrial Revolution.
Watt’s name is used as a measure of power

1804 – Dick Trevithick built the first
steam locomotive


British history

1821 – Mike Faraday invented the electric motor

1824 – Joe Aspden patented cement
(called Portland Cement) which is the basis
of all cement used worldwide today

1829 – England formed the first Police Force


British history

1846 – Scotsman Bert Thomson patented
the first pneumatic tyre

1925 – Scotsman John Baird invented the
television

1902 – Fred Lanchester patented the disc brake

1916 – Britain invented the Tank


British history


1930 – Frank Whittle invented the jet engine
1935 – Britain patented the radar – the first working system and the basis
of modern radar detection today

1979 – Kane Kramer took out patent on the ‘IXI’
(a 3.5 minute digital music recorder / player – MP3).
Later Apple developed the ‘ipod’ from this technology
1989 – Tim Berners-Lee developed the ‘World Wide Web’



Politics

Government type: Britain is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional
Monarch as Head of State.

The principle behind British democracy is that the people elect Members of
Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons, held no more than five years
apart. Most MPs belong to a political party, and the party with the largest
number of MPs in the House of Commons forms the government
The Government runs the Country

There are 3 major political parties: Labour – Left Wing politics; Conservative
– Right wing politics and Liberal Democrat – Centre politics.

In recent years Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland also have there own
local Parliaments



Politics (cont)

Palace of
Westminster

Mostly destroyed
by fire in 1834.
Completely rebuilt
by 1870.

Constitution: In 1215 the Magna Carta was written which proclaimed
certain rights to all people, but most of the British constitution is
unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice.


Politics (cont)
There are two levels of Parliament, the House of Commons and the House of
Lords

House Of Commons House Of Lords

In order for a Law to be passed it must have a majority in both the Houses of
Commons and Lords.


People

The population of Britain is approximately - 61,610,000
Ethnic groups:
English 81.5%
Scottish 9.6%
Irish 2.4%
Welsh 1.9%
Ulster 1.8%
West Indian, Indian, Pakistani, and other 2.8% (Chinese population in Britain
is approximately 250,000)


People – Well known British people – Past and Present

William Shakespeare
Oliver Cromwell Sir Isaac Newton

Admiral Nelson Duke of Wellington
Isambard Brunel James Darwin

People – Well known British people – Past and Present

Margaret Thatcher
Charles Dickens

Queen Elisabeth II
Winston Churchill

J K Rowling
Stephen Hawkins
Tony Blair
Diana Princess of Wales


Education
By law children between the ages of 5 and 16 receive full-time education (this
will change to 18 years around 2015).

More than 93% of all students in the Britain attend publicly funded state
schools (i.e. free). Private education is available if people wish to pay

Children have 6 years of education junior school. They normally transfer to
high school at around 11 years of age.

At around 16 years of age students take exams in a range of subjects at
GCSE level (General Certificate of Secondary Education). Some subjects are
compulsory (English and Mathematics being two).

At this point students may leave the education system to find employment or
may decide to study for 2 more years and take A Level (Advanced Level)
exams. A Levels are the minimum requirements for acceptance into a British
University.



Further Education
When students attend a University in Britain they have to pay the course fees
(minimum £3,450 per year). After 3 years students sit final exams and can
graduate with a Bachelors degree. (Medical students require 4 years study).

After graduating with a good Bachelors Degree many students spend 1 more
year studying for a Masters Degree. This is funded directly by the student
themselves or by industrial sponsorship.

Top class students with good Bachelors Degrees can apply to study at PhD
level (Doctorate). This normally requires 3 years of research before being
awarded. This is an expensive route for students and most courses tend to
be sponsored by the relevant industry.


Traditions
British traditions have developed from two main sources:-
Christian faith
Pagan faith – rural or country beliefs, before Christianity
Some of the more well known are:-
St Valentines Day
April Fools Day
Shrove Tuesday
Easter
May Day
Guy Fawkes Night
Christmas

Trooping the Colour – official birthday of our Queen


Economics
Economy - overview:
Britain a leading trading power and financial centre, is one of the quartet of
trillion dollar economies of Western Europe.

Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by European
standards, producing about 60% of food needs with only 1% of the labor
force.

Britain has large coal, natural gas, and oil reserves; primary energy
production accounts for 10% of GDP, one of the highest shares of any
industrial nation.

Services, particularly banking, insurance, and business services, account by
far for the largest proportion of GDP while industry continues to decline in
importance.

Labour force is approximately 29,600,000
By occupation: agriculture 1%, industry 19%, services 80%
In China this is : agriculture 49%, industry 22%, services 29%


Language
The most distinct aspect of British culture is that English is the native
language.
The vocabulary of English is the largest of any language almost
1,000,000 words.
Since the 16th Century, because of the contact that the British had with
many peoples from around the world, many words have entered the
language either directly or indirectly. Major languages that have
contributed words to English include Latin, Greek, French, German,
Arabic, Hindi (from India) and Italian.
English is the second most spoken language in the world.
English is the official language in 53 countries. It is estimated that there
are up to 400 million native speakers and up to 1,000 million who use
English as a second language. A further 100 million use it as a foreign
language. It is the language of international business, science, aviation,
computing, diplomacy, and tourism



Language
Also spoken in Britain are
Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales)
Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland)

There is a difference between British English and English that is
spoken in the USA and in many other parts of the world
"We (the British and Americans) are two countries separated by a
common language." G.B. Shaw

For example: Don't comment on British pants!
"pants" usually referred to underwear in the UK - not trousers

In British English, not only do we pronounce the same words
differently (accent), we also use different words for the same things
making it more a difference in dialect.
Example – Bread roll is also called a – bap; barm; batch;
bun; muffin; breadcake


Language - Continued
American, Canadian, Australian and the British use a lot of the same
words . . . but they say them differently and/or the words have
different meanings.
Examples are:-
British English American English
Block a building (block of flats, office in a city, the portion of a street between
block) adjacent intersections

Coach bus with of higher standard of extracurricular sports teacher at a school
comfort, usually chartered or used (UK: PE teacher)
for longer journeys lowest class on a passenger aircraft (UK:
railway carriage economy)
Entree starter of a meal main course of a meal
First floor (of a the floor above ground level (US: the floor at ground level (often, but not
building) second floor) always, the same floor as a building's lobby)

hamper large basket for food basket for clothes that need washing
hood the folding fabric top on a hinged cover over the engine in a car
convertible car



Communications and Media
In the Britain there are National newspapers, local newspapers and free
issue newspapers. Sales of newspapers have fallen dramatically from the
1950’s when more than 30 million copies were sold every day.

Britain has 5 main Terrestrial TV stations. These are BBC1 and 2 (Public
Service Broadcasting funded by a TV license fee) and ITV, Ch4 and 5
(commercial channels which are funded by advertising). However there are
more than 500 channels available to view in Britain.

Britain also has many radio stations and with the advent of Digital Radio the
number is increasing. The majority of people now prefer to tune into local
commercial radio stations rather than Public Service Broadcasting stations
which have no advertising (funded as part of the TV license fee).



Communications and Media

Latest Statistics:
537 British Television Channels
823 British Radio Stations
1,606 British Newspapers
1,959 Magazines



Food
Some people have their biggest meal in the middle of the day and some have
it in the evening, but most people today have a small mid-day meal - usually
sandwiches, and perhaps some crisps and some fruit.

We have three main meals a day:

Breakfast - between 7:00 and 9:00,

Lunch (or Dinner) - between 12:00 and 1:30 p.m.

Dinner (or Tea) (sometimes called Supper) - The main meal. Eaten anytime
between 5:30 and 8:00 p.m.

However on Sundays traditionally the main meal of the day (Sunday Lunch)
is often eaten at midday instead of in the evening.



Food
Typical Meals
BREAKFAST
What is a typical English Breakfast?
A traditional English breakfast consists of eggs, bacon, sausages, fried
bread, mushrooms and baked beans, with a cup of tea. However today
breakfast is more likely to be a bowl of cereals, a slice of toast, orange
juice and a cup of coffee.
Many people, especially children, in Britain will eat a bowl of cereal. They are
made with different grains such as corn, wheat, oats etc.


Typical English Breakfast?

Most English breakfast are much smaller portions!

Food
Typical Meals
LUNCH
What is a typical British lunch?
Many children at school and adults at work will have a 'packed lunch'. This
typically consists of a sandwich, a packet of crisps, a piece of fruit and a
drink. The 'packed lunch' is kept in a plastic container.
Sandwiches are also known as a 'butty' or 'sarnie' in some parts of the
Britain.



Food
Typical Meals
DINNER
The evening meal is usually called 'tea', 'dinner' or 'supper'.
What is a traditional British Dinner?
A typical British meal for dinner is "meat and two veg". We put hot brown
gravy, (traditionally made from the juices of the roast meat, but more often
today from a packet!) on the meat and usually the vegetables. One of the
vegetables is almost always potatoes.
What is a typical British Dinner like today?
The traditional meal is rarely eaten nowadays, apart from on Sundays. A
recent survey found that most people in Britain eat curry! Rice or pasta
dishes are now favoured as the 'British Dinner'.
Vegetables grown in Britain, like potatoes, carrots, peas, cabbages and
onions, are still very popular.


Food
Typical Roast Dinner Traditional Christmas Dinner


Food – 2 of Britain's favorite meals today
Modern Dinner Modern Dinner


Etiquette - Greetings and Introductions
First impressions are a really important aspect of British culture.
Introductions
In the business world introductions are based on a person's rank or position in
an organisation. Whoever is the highest-ranking person is introduced to
everyone else in order of their position.
There might be occasions where you will have to introduce yourself.
For example, if you are meeting a new colleague or an associate, you might
start off by extending your hand and saying
"Hello! I am .....".
The British do shake hands, i.e. when first introduced to new people. In an
informal situation you may see social kissing (often just a peck on the cheek),
this is acceptable between men and women and also between women who know
each other very well.
Reacting to an introduction
The response you give should have the same level of formality as the
introduction



Etiquette - Eating
In Britain, even today, people are judged by their table manners, especially
when eating out or attending formal functions.

Things you should do:-
Chew and swallow all the food in your mouth before taking more or taking a
drink.
If you are at a dinner party wait until your host(ess) starts eating or indicates you
should do so.

Things you should not do:-
•Never chew with your mouth open.
•Never talk with food in your mouth.
•Never put too much food in your mouth.
•Never smoke during a meal. Smoking should not take place until dessert is
finished (in public places it is now against the law to smoke).



Etiquette - Time
British people place considerable value on punctuality.
Since Britons are so time conscious, the pace of life may seem very rushed.
In Britain, people make great effort to arrive on time.
It is often considered impolite to arrive even a few minutes late. If you are
unable to keep an appointment, it is expected that you call the person you are
meeting.

You should arrive:
At the exact time specified – for dinner, lunch, or appointments with professors,
doctors, and other professionals.
A few minutes early: for public meetings, plays, concerts, movies, sporting
events, classes, church services, and weddings.
If you are invited to someone's house for dinner at half past seven, they will
expect you to be there on the dot. An invitation might state "7.30 for 8", in which
case you should arrive no later than 7.50. However, if an invitation says "sharp",
you must arrive in plenty of time.



Etiquette – General behavior
Things you do:-
Do stand in line:
In Britain we like to form orderly queues (standing in line) and
wait patiently for our turn e.g. boarding a bus. It is usual to
queue when required, and expected that you will take your
correct turn and not push in front. 'Queue jumping' is frowned
upon.
Do say "Excuse Me":
If someone is blocking your way and you would like them to move,
say excuse me and they will move out of your way.
Do say "Please" and "Thank you":
It is very good manners to say "please" and "thank you". It is
considered rude if you don't. You will notice in Britain that we say
'thank you' a lot.



Etiquette – General behavior

Things you do:-

Do Shake Hands:
When you are first introduced to someone, shake their right
hand with your own right hand.
Do say sorry:
If you accidentally bump into someone, say 'sorry'. They
probably will too, even if it was your fault! This is a habit and
can be seen as very amusing by an 'outsider'.
Do Smile:
A smiling face is a welcoming face.
Do open doors for other people
Men and women both hold open the door for each other. It
depends on who goes through the door first.
Do cover your Mouth:
When yawning or coughing always cover your mouth with your
hand.


Etiquette – General behaviour

Things you should not do:-

Do not greet people with a kiss:
We only kiss people who are close friends and relatives.
Avoid talking loudly in public
It is also impolite to stare at anyone in public.
Privacy is highly regarded. Do not ask a lady her age
It is considered impolite to ask a lady her age
Do not pick your nose in public:
We are disgusted by this. If your nostrils need de-bugging, use a
handkerchief.
Avoid doing gestures such as backslapping and hugging
This is only done among close friends.
Do not spit.
Spitting in the street is considered to be very bad mannered. It is
also against the law in Britain



“Thank you”

Please
sit here

Thank you



“We take our turn”

HEY YOU to
the back - we
were here first Bus
Stop



“Who goes first”

Time to go
After you

Thank you


British Culture – In the workplace

British Culture - In the workplace

Meetings

Communication

Problem Solving

Planning

Team Working



Meetings
The objectives of a meeting are identified at the onset, usually via an
agenda which is issued to all attendees prior to the meeting

Meetings generally start on time and have an agreed finish time.

Generally only one discussion in the room at one time

Mobile phones are put onto silent and are usually not answered in the
meeting room

For formal meetings there is a chair and a secretary. The chairperson
is in charge of the meeting and the secretary takes the minutes –
these normally include agreed decisions, actions and timescale to be
undertaken.



Communications

British tend to be direct – “tell it like it is”

We like to hear the truth – even if it painful

Open discussions can take place – irrespective of grade or position in
Company

We can be very blunt with our comments – i.e. “it will never work”

In presentations we will give good and bad news where required

When decisions are made and agreed we expect them to be
honoured


Problem Solving
Generally within the workplace problem solving will involve using one
of several methods proven to help find ‘root cause’
Such problem solving methods are:-
Fish bone analysis
8D analysis
Brainstorming
Root cause analysis
Fault tree analysis

Usually time will be taken to understand problem and find root cause
before solutions are recommended and implemented
This normally will save total time and cost to a solution

FMEA’s are used to identify potential problems and tasks needed to
be done to ensure these problems do not occur with a customer


Problem Solving - Example
Fishbone diagram
Management Man Method

Cause Cause

Cause Cause

Cause
Cause
Cause

Effect
(Y)

Cause Cause Cause

Cause

Measurement Machine Material




8D Problem Solving Techniques – The 8 steps to solution

The Planning Stage
Establishing the Team
Problem Definition / Statement / Description
Developing Interim Solution / Containment Action
Identifying and Verifying Root Cause
Identifying Permanent Corrective Actions
Implementation and Validation
Preventative Recurrence Actions
Recognizing Team Efforts


Fault tree analysis
FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) SHEET Related Document
Model G SeriesApplication Part Name Abstract Conclusion Date Auth. Release
Title Engine stall out when cold Chief Engr Leader Engineer

Development of Causes (Result - Cause) Action Plan
Schedule

Judgment
Person Resp
Failure or Basic
Investigation Result Remarks

No.
Problem Failure Mode (Top) Character- Investigation Item
istics

High oil pressure wrong oil Oil spec 1 Supply TR 18/1 10/40 A3B3 fitted to all engines
Tappet jacking oil pressure relief valve not working Oil pressure 2 Gallery pressure BJ 17/1
Oil pressure hot vs cold 3
Tappet sticking in bore incorrect clearance Clearence 4 GA6 failed head SP 18/1
Ex valves jack open debris 5
- no compression head distortion High T.to.Turn 6 Cold test results TR Torque to turn within spec
Ex valves stick incorrect guide clearance insufficient clearance Clearence 7 GA6 failed head SP 18/1
8
carbon build up carbon breaks on valves Deposits 9 GA6 failed head Carbon breaks on valves N/A - happens at zero mileage
engine running rich 10
11
valves not under control insufficient spring pressure 12 Fitted load/Ex press TR Ex Man max press = 3.1bar max to unseat with cold oil
Engine Stalls Ex valves held off seats insufficient seated load Unseat 13 Fitted load/Ex press TR 20/1 Fitted load ~239N. 3.7bar max with hot oil
Cam profile causing float Drawing 14 inspection report TR 18/1
high ex manifold pressure REA turbo higher restriction Exhaust press 15 BJ 17/1
Normal VNT condition Exhaust press 16 Garrett info
abnormal VNT condition Exhaust press 17 Garrett info
VNT not under control Boost levels 18 Signals/Control
VNT strategy diff hot/cold Boost levels 19 Calibration JF 14/1
Boost targets too high for cond'ns Boost levels 20 Calibration
Low intake pressures greater press drop across vlvs 21 Inlet Man Press JF 17/1
In cylinder pressures -ve combustion process 22 In Cyl Press
23
Excess fuel Calibration problems Air flow not consistent Black smoke 24 Calibration / Inca
AFR not matched 25 Calibration / Inca
Combustion not stable 26
incorrect fuel being delivered Drivability/smoke 27 Calibration / Inca
Summary of Failure FIE problems incorrect timing Drivability/smoke 28 Calibration / Inca
With coolant below ~65°C MAP sensor not correct 29 Calibration / Inca
engine stalls at ~3000rpm under MAF sensor not correct 30 Calibration / Inca
load or during free accel 31
when attempting to restart, engine 32
spins over with the appearance of VNT control not stable REA control not robust Signal vs demand 33 REA PWM vs request
having no compression. REA not functioning correctly Lever position 34 REA control lever
Turbo in surge VNT shutting completely high ex press 35 Ex Press
36
operating outside map boost targets too high High MAP 37 Inlet Press
38
39
40
Presumed Failure Mechanism No Problem
Uncertain
X One of the causes



Planning
It is common to ensure a robust plan of actions / activities is
developed so that the project can progress in the most effective way
thus ensuring delivery on time and to budget

British feel uncomfortable with a project which is ‘planned to fail’ i.e.
where one of the following will almost certainly occur:-
Project is delayed – owing to, lack of information; no discussion; timing
was unrealistic, etc

It is encouraged to work as teams – from all disciplines / areas of the
Company
People will work ‘outside’ there normal area of responsibility



Team Working

Team working is seen as a great benefit in the workplace

Multi disciplined teams can increase efficiently and effective working
Having inputs from various disciplines at the start of a project can ensure
the product is designed to meet, quality, cost, manufacturing assembly
needs as well as product targets

Team working helps to develop understanding of total product cycle
requirements



In recent history British have enjoyed more – free time
The working week is typically now 35 to 40 hours over 5 days
EU legislation in some EU Countries limits the working week to a
maximum of 48 hours – the British have ‘opted out’ of this rule

Free time enables people to enjoy other pleasures of life such as:-
Hobbies
Travel
Sports

Some typical free time activities are shown on the next slides


British culture
Hobbies – Such as:-

Mountain biking,
Water sports
Socialising
Driving (car or motorbike)
Drinking (beer)
Music
Cars
Reading
British like DIY – Do It
Yourself
Walking - British people have
the right to walk almost
anywhere in Britain, on
mountains, moors or coasts
Watching sport e.g. football,
and television e.g. Top Gear



British culture

Sports
Sports Invented in Britain:

Golf 1502

Football1863

Cricket 1787


British culture

Sports

Badminton 1887
Rounders 1889

Hockey 1860

Rugby 1871


British culture
Sports

Curling 1541

Lawn Tennis 1859

Bobsleigh 1890
Darts


British culture

Sports

Bungee Jumping 1979
Table Tennis 1880

Snooker 1875


British Culture – Working in China

DIFFERENCES IN CULTURE

A HUMEROUS OVERVIEW

Slides by Yang Liu – Chinese student who lived in Germany
and Britain for a period of time



Differences in Culture - Punctuality

Punctuality



Differences in Culture - Queuing

Queuing



Differences in Culture – Problem Solving

Problem Solving



Differences in Culture - Party



Differences in Culture - Restaurants

Restaurants



Differences in Culture – Senior Citizens

Senior Citizens



Differences in Culture – The Boss

The Boss



Differences in Culture – The Child

The Child



Differences in Culture – Impressions of Others

Impressions of Others



Differences in Culture – The Trend

The Trend


British Culture

THERE IS NO WORLDWIDE RIGHT OR WRONG WAY OF
BEHAVING:-

JUST CULTURAL DIFFERENCES

Thank You

INTRO TO BRITISH CULTURE

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