3.
This style had spread over at least 3 to 4th part of
northern India.
The earliest movement started in the state of Orissa, its
ancient name is Kalinga.
It is offered strong resistance to mauryas but finally
sudued to ashoka in 260 B.C
After ashokas death kalinga regained its independence
and later become more powerful under kharavela.
4.
Beginning of this Orissa group is seen at Bhuvaneshwar
where there are thirty temples.
The most important are the temple of jaganath at puri ,
Mahashivagupta Yayati , Sun temple at konark
The other groups are confined to some area such as at
khajuraho , the largest of entire series is shiva temple of
kandariya mahadeva at khajuraho.
5. Sun temple of konark
The magnificent temple was therefore built
to glorify „surya‟ the sun god at konark
The temple of sun god , surya, the source of
life, origin of light, the dispeller of
darkness, and sin, the source and
instrument of purity and health is unique
in its construction.
The plan of this temple was that of
genious and its scale was too great for its
execution.
1.
6.
The temple is formed like a „ratha‟ or
wheeled chariot being carried by seven.
Horses symbolizing the seven rays of the
sun who blazes his way through the
heaven and proceded by the charioteer
arun.
The temple resting on a large platform
with twelve gaint wheels
It is curved with erotic sculptures and
decorated with medallion on the spokes
an hub.
On its 3 sides , in the middle segments
there are 3 subsidary shrines with
stairways leading to niches each
containing the life-size image of sun god
minutely curved
7.
The wall fully sculptured with beautiful
dancers playing on musical instruments
Two gracefully carved elephant guard its
entrance.
The width of the cubical portion
or„bada‟ of jaga mohan is twice its own
height
Upper tapering part „pida‟ and which is
crowned with a melon shaped „kalasha‟
or „amlaka‟ is fluted
Outer surface of bada sculptured with
as many as fifteen hundred elephants in
different patterns , along with soldiers
riding on horses in the bottom row.
8.
Many mythical animals in second row
In the third row depicts the „maithuna rituals‟ . It represent
symbolism of prakriti ana purusha
The top „pida‟ the pyramidal tower consist of three tiers
In order to sustain the weight of the huge kalasa over the
pida the entire ceiling is strengthened with iron grid
9.
The temple had originally only 2
appartments
Deul and jaga-mohan, and the natmandir(dance hall) , bhog
mandir(offering hall) are added a
century or more later
The entrance is flanked by two large
stone statues of lions
Most attractive feature of this temple
is the sri mandir richly built entirely of
stones
10.
Bada is vertical one third of its height
and above
It has parabolic curve rising to a height
of 38 m from the ground
Over it is a necking or beki above which
rest the melon shaped fluted disc or
amal-sila and crowned with „kalasa‟
Outer surface is carved with gods ,
godesses , nymphs.
A shiva linga 3m height and 2.5m
diameter is installed in grabhgriha
11.
The temple is merely a replica of the
temple at bhuvaneshwar
This temple is not so much impressive in
its treatment
The presiding deities are jagannatha ,
balabhadra and subhadra
Every year in the month of june/july
devotees in large number of gather at
puri in order to participate in the „carfestival‟ when the image of the 3 deities
are taken in the large procession in 3
highly decorated „rathas‟ pulled by
ardent devotees.
12.
13. 1.
The sun temple at martand
The temple is built by king lalitadity is
located about 35 km from sringar ,
kashmir , martand .
The temple is situated on a
stupendous hil top enclosed in 61m X
43m quadrangle containing a cluster
of 84 sculptured colums of gracco
roman style
The number of 84 is also significant as
it is product of 7 and 12. i.e 7 days of
the week and 12 months of the year.
14.
The temple consist of portico for sun worship and is
connected to cella over which there was once pyramidal
roof rising to a height of 23m.
16.
The temple is raised in tier over tier of sculptured excellence
with stone carvings of griffins, nymphs , gods, demons and
couples.
17. 1.
Kirti stambha of chittor
The kirti –stambha or pillar
of fame built in 1100 A.D is
23m high in six storeys
containing many sculptures of
jaina tirthankaras
18. 2.Jaya stambha at chittor
The rana kumbha of chittor erected
this famous and beautiful tower
The jaya stambha or tower of victory
at chittor rises to a height of 24m in
eight storeys
Each of its faces is about 10 m
broad at base
Each storey is provided with highly
decorated balcony
It is covered with a pyramidal roof
at top
19.
The temple is laid on usual plan i.e. the main cella , a
mantapa, and a sabha mantap which 2 or 3 storeys
In exterior, the elagantly carved pillers are arranged
forming an octagonal nave in the centre of a main hall
The interiors are profusely sculptured.
„Sabha mantap‟ leads to „gudha mantap‟ and finally the
mysterious deeply shadowed sanctum in the end with a
shikhara at top.
20. 1.Larger sas-bahu temple
The temple also known as mother in law
and daughter in law consist of two
structures of which mantapa only remains
the vimana with its shikara has been
vanished.
The temple measures 30m long and 19m
wide.
The main hall is in three storeys.
The roof , partly demolished ,rises into a
low pyramidal form.
21.
The interior consist of only one huge sized compartment
though the external facede consists of 3 storeys with
canopaied galleries.
22. 2.Palaces of gwalior
In gwalior there are number of
palaces which exhibit ingenuity
and talent of the architects and
masons.
A well known example is that of
man mandir built for maharaja
man singh
Other examples are guruji mahal,
badal mahal, holkar;s palaces in
indore etc.
23. 3. Gwalior fort
It is one of the magnificient forts and
described as “pearl in the necklace of
the castles of india”
Great personalities like bahur,
humayun, sher shah, tantiya top have
once lived here
The freedom figjter rani laxmibai of
jhanci moved into gwalior fort in 1857
Every stone in the fort speaks of
legendary past.
Its history has been written in letters
of love , fire and blood
24.
In exquisit 11th century salabhanjika
which is a marvellous piece of
architecture is preserved in gwalior
fort
Orginally salabhanjika means a
charming female gathering sala
flowers
But later used as a statute
beautifully ornamented wearing
scanty garments , necklaces of
various designs and standing in
alluring pastures
25. 4. River ghats
River ghats or public bathing
places are for ablution purposes for
hindu relegious rituals
These are constructed with board
steps leading down to the river
banks.
Ghats of banares are nearly 5km
long along with ganges river and
are more than thirty.
Sometimes palaces are also
constructed near these ghats thus
producing beautiful architectural
composition
26.
Many of top storeys consist of projecting balconies or
oriels,latticed windows, pillars , loggias and beautifully
designed kiosks, which give the river ghats a picturesque
and romantic view of worldwide fame
27. Early chalukyan architecture
The architecture falls into two distinct types (i) rock-cut (ii)
structural
Rock –cut cave temples at badami
The chalukyan capital city badami was protected by a fort
wall surroune ed by a moat
The superfluous water of agastyathirtha was a sporting
place for the royal families.
Badami was also a religious centre
Godesses banashankrari was the presiding deity.
28.
The most interesting thing from architectural point of view
is is a series of 4 cave temples hewn from top to bottom in
the scrap of a southern hill called ranmandal
These are brahminical in nature , one shaivite, two
vishnavites, and the fourth belongs to jaina
33. Structural temples
In addition to the rock cut cave temples at badami
chalukyans also built several structural temples along the
edge of the lake and hill tops.
The early chalukyans combined some some features of
contemporary north and south indian style of construction
i.e nagar and dravidian respectively to create their own
style of construction
Which is characterized by high platform , pithas ornate
door frames, plinth moulding , vestibule
34. 1. Lad khan temple at aihole
The temple stands on square plan
of 15 m side with high platform.
It is consist of an open pillared
porch leading to a large square
mantapa with 2 square group of
pillars
The nanthi fills the central bay
Whose ceiling contains sculpture
of naga with its tail twisted
around
35.
The pillars have cushion capitals with floral abacus supporting
the ponderous bracket
There are lattice window on north and south sides and
perforated circles ofradiating fish design set in square frame in
the eastern and western sides
The roof is sloping , rising in two tires , with a sma;ll cubical
shikara containg images of surya , shiva , and vishnu on its
three sides.
No mortar is used for the construction of this temple.
36.
37. 2. Durga temple at aihole
The temple stands on a high
moulded plinth 3m high and
consist of pillared hall
2 flights of steps one from
north and another from south
are provided in front of the
porch
There is garuda over the shrine
door which is elaborately
carved
38.
Light is admitted into the hall and passage through „stone
grills‟ of perforated pattern
2 raws of Columns separate the temple hall into a central nave
and two side aisles
The inner columns are beautifully sculptured.
There are several inches in the wall s containg beautiful images
of god and goddesses
The roof of mukha mantapa is flat
Upper portion has follen down
40. 3. Bhutanath group of temples at badami
These temples are situated on
the eastern edge of the lake
These temples stand on high
plinths, two to three metres
high.
The big temple has a
mukhamantapa or pillared
hall, the door frame of which
consist of sculptures of ganga
and yamuna flanked by
„dwarpalakas‟.
41.
A shiva-linga is enshrined in the temple, over which rises a
„vimana‟ of kadamb nagar style which is characterised by
receding tiers resembling a stepped pyramid culminating in a
final or kalasa
42. 4 . Jambulinga Temple at Badami
(696-733 A.D)This temple is dedicated
to three gods, Bramha, vishnu and
Mahesh. All the three shrines are
places in the common mantapa, which
exhibit good sculpturesque quality.
The tower is built of bricks and
app[ears to be later addition.
43. 5. Malegitti shivalaya at badami
The temple stands on a spur of
the rugged hills on the north
side of badami.
It contains a porch assembly
hall and shrine.
The square porch consist of
large monolithic pillares with
heavy bracket capitals.
44.
The entrance is guareded by two dwarpalakas.
Sculptures of shiva and vishnu with makara torana at the
back, are carved on the south and north walls of temple into
which are built square perfolated stone windows that let in a
subdued light faintly illumining the interior of the hall.
The high plinth contains a row of the lions and elephant
symboling strength.
45.
The outer wall contains a belt of dwarfs dancing ,
rollicking playing musical instrument .
The door frame of the srine is richly ornamented with
garuda in the middle holding two serpents.
The temple is also called because of its assosiation with a
lady garland
46. 6. Papanath Temple at Pattadkal
The temple is provided with a
covered ambulatory passage, a
vestibule or an antrala and
open portico in front.
The pillare and beams are
exquisitely carved and
decorated with incidents from
Ramayana and Mahabharata.
The temple is characterised by
Rekha- Nagar shikhara, i.e. a
beehive- shaped curvilinear
somewhat conical tower.
47. 7. Virupaksha Temple at Pattadkal
The entrance to the temple is by the
Malaprabha river in which the
pilgrims usually take bath before
entering the temple to worship the
deity.
The temple has a large pillared hall
approached through porches, in the
front and either side with a
“Nandi” mantapa on its axial plan.
It has a covered ambulatory round
the cella on which rises a vimana of
Dravidian style.
48.
The inscriptions show that the temple was built by
Vikramaditya II in honour of his queen Lokamahadevi, to
celebrate another victory over Pallava kings of Kanchipuram.
Its lavish disposition shows distinct advancement in temple
development Further it served as a model for the world –
famous Kailasa temple at Ellora.
