Innovative Technology Systems Inc. Corporate Presentation, What is Biodiesel

1. What is Biodiesel
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2. Contents
What is Biodiesel Slide 3
What is Biodiesel made From Slide 4
How is Biodiesel Made Slide 5
Where can Biodiesel be Used Slide 6
How does Biodiesel compare to Mineral Diesel Slide 7
Do Engine Warranties cover the use of Biodiesel Slide 8
What are the Specifications for Biodiesel Slide 9
Disclaimer Slide 11
End of Presentation Slide 12
Slide 2

3. What is Biodiesel?
A fuel made from renewable sources
A fuel composed of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty
acids derived from vegetable oils, plant oils, or fats
100% Biodiesel is called B100
Slide 3

4. What is Biodiesel Made From?
Biodiesel is made from triglycerides (oil) or fatty acids
Typical sources of triglycerides include virgin vegetable oils, plant oils, used cooking
oils, and animal fats
Typical sources of fatty acids include Palm or Soybean Refining by-products often
called “Acid Oil” or “Fatty Acid Distillates”
Tall Oil a by-product of paper refining (Kraft Mill) can also be used
Different fats and oils may be mixed in the biodiesel refining process
The composition of the fats or oils may require the refining process to be calibrated to
the feedstock mix (methanol and or catalyst percentage)
The biodiesel fuel properties are influenced by the specific characteristics of the
feedstock such as carbon chain length and degree of saturation or unsaturation
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5. How is Biodiesel Made?
Biodiesel is made via one of two processes:
Esterification of fatty acids
Transesterification of triglycerides
Esterification uses methanol as the solvent and an acid catalyst to join the fatty acid
molecule and the methanol molecule to produce a methyl ester
Esterification can be a multi-step process based on the free fatty acid content
Esterification reaction produces water as a by-product
Transesterification uses methanol as the solvent and a base catalyst to break the
glycerin linkage to the fatty acid molecules (triglycerides) and replaces the linkage
with a methanol molecule link
Transesterification is either a one or two step process depending on the reaction
conditions
Transesterification produces a glycerol by-product
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6. Where can Biodiesel be Used?
Biodiesel can be blended with Mineral Diesel and used in the following:
Passenger vehicles
Light trucks
Over the road trucks
Agricultural tractors
Boats and ships
Stationary electrical generators
Modified gas turbines
As a heating oil replacement
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7. How does Biodiesel Compare to Mineral Diesel?
9-10% less energy than Mineral Diesel
Averages 118,000 BTU/gallon compared to 130,000 for Mineral Diesel
Biodiesel blends increase lubricity by up to 65% when compared to low sulphur
diesel, better for engine, runs quieter
Improved Emissions (according to EPA)
67% reduction in unburned Hydrocarbons
48% reduction in Carbon Monoxide
47% reduction in Particulate Matter
Cold Weather Performance not as good at Mineral Diesel
B20 (20% biodiesel blend) will have a 2-5 degree C increase in Cold Filter Plug
Point compared to Mineral Diesel
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8. Do Engine Warranties Cover the use of Biodiesel?
All the major engine manufacturers have issued a warranty statement defining the
use of biodiesel
Typical warranties range from a 5% blend to 100% B100 usage
The majorities of warranties cover up to a 20% blend
In the EU biodiesel is blended up to 7.5% with mineral diesel per mandate
In the US blends at the pump are either 5% or 20%
Many tractor engines are warrantied up to 100% biodiesel use
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9. What are the Specifications for Biodiesel?
There two primary standards for biodiesel globally
The United States ASTM D6751 standard
The European EN14214 standard
Most countries have adopted the EN 14214 specification
All biodiesel must be laboratory tested and certified prior to sale
Each batch produced is given a unique identifier to trace the fuel back to the
manufacturer
Slide 9

10. Walk through the ITS Biodiesel and Pre-treatment
Refinery by visiting 3C-ITS.com
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Slide 10

11. Disclaimer
The information and all further technical advice is based on our present
knowledge and experience. However, they imply no liability or other legal
responsibility on our part, including with regards to existing third party
intellectual property rights. In particular no warranty, whether express or
implied of guarantee of product properties is intended or implied. We reserve
the right to make any changes according to technological progress or further
developments. The customer is not released from the obligation to conduct
careful inspection and testing of incoming goods. Performance of the product
described herein should be verified by testing, which should be carried out by
qualified experts in the sole responsibility of the customer.
Slide 11

12. Thank you for your attention.
Contact:
John Anderson – Chief Operating Officer David Blythe – Chief Technology
E-mail: j.anderson@3C-ITS.com Officer
VOIP UK: +44 20 8123 2661 E-mail: d.blythe@3C-ITS.com
VOIP USA +1 913 232 2277 Cell: +1 (402) 3040705
T: +1 913 302-6423,
F: +1 913 451-9231
E-mail: info@3C-ITS.com
Web: 3C-ITS.com
7541 W. 119th Street
Overland Park.
Kansas.
66212, USA