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The Conservation Agriculture Network for
       South East Asia (CANSEA)
An initiative to Develop and Disseminate CA in SEA




       Jean Claude Legoupil and Sulivanthong Kingkéo

         5th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture
           Brisbane, Australia, 26-29 September 2011
CONTENT


 The starting point: Why a network
  on CA in SEA?
 CANSEA: Objectives and activities
 Conclusion: Key lessons learned
  from CANSEA first years
  implementation
CONTENT


 The starting point: Why a network
  on CA in SEA?
 CANSEA: Objectives and activities
 Conclusion: Key lessons learned
  from CANSEA first years
  implementation
A wide diversity of bio-physical, socio-economical
  & agrarian contexts...

- From lowlands to mountainous areas
- Dry to humid conditions
- Rice self-sufficiency to market-oriented              Yuanmou

- Land locked to easily accessible etc.                           Kunming

                                         Lancang
                                                         Simao                                     Tropic of Can
                                                                               Bac Kan
                                             Jinghong
                                                                   Yen Bai
                                                                                   Hanoi
                                                                   Xieng Khouang
                                                   Sayabouri

                                          Vientiane

                                                   Sakon Nakhon
                                                                                         Hué

                      Elevation (m)
                          4400           Bangkok                                          Pleiku



                          3300
                                                                       Kampong Cham

                          2200                     Phnom Penh

                          1100
                            0
But similar concerns...
Increasing demographic pressure                                             RAPID CHANGES
National and regional market demand changes
           Increased pressure on natural resources:
           High deforestation rate, soil degradation

                              Latin America      Africa      Southeast Asia    Global
   Total study area                1155           337             446           1937
   Forest cover in 1990         669 ± 57       198 ± 13         283 ± 31      1150 ± 54
   Forest cover in 1997         653 ± 56       193 ± 13         270 ± 30      1116 ± 53
   Annual deforested area       2.5 ± 1.4     0.85 ± 0.30       2.5 ± 0.8      5.8 ± 1.4
   Rate                          0.38%          0.43%            0.91%          0.52%
   Annual regrowth area        0.28 ± 0.22    0.14 ± 0.11     0.53 ± 0.25     1.0 ± 0.32
   Rate                          0.04%          0.07%            0.19%          0.08%
   Annual net cover change      −2.2 ± 1.2    −0.71 ± 0.31     −2.0 ± 0.8     −4.9 ± 1.3
   Rate                          0.33%          0.36%            0.71%          0.43%
   Annual degraded area        0.83 ± 0.67    0.39 ± 0.19      1.1 ± 0.44     2.3 ± 0.71
   Rate                          0.13%          0.21%            0.42%          0.20%
    From Achard et al, 2002
Erosion in Northern Vietnam
  But similar concerns...
Increasing demographic pressure
National and regional consumption
demand changes
                                            Erosion in Laos - Sayabouri



Increased pressure on natural resources:
High deforestation rate
Soil degradation,
Erosion and fertility decline…
                                                Erosion in China - Yunnan
Erosion in Northern Vietnam
  But similar concerns...
Increasing demographic pressure
National and regional market demand changes
High deforestation rate


Increased pressure on natural resources
Erosion, Soil degradation and fertility decline…


 Similar wish to keep on the intensification and
expansion of agricultural activities but to limit the
related negative side-effects on natural resources
 Similar interest in CA as technical alternative
A decade of CA R4D programs in several SE countries…


    Vietnam: SAM (1999); Rubber project
     (2003), ADAM (2008)
    Laos: from 2003: PRONAE, PASS, ORCATAD, PROSA
     etc. supported by various donors (AFD, UE)
     2009 : opening of the national centre for
     conservation agriculture
    Thailand: since 2005: soil biology laboratory
     focused on CA impact on soil biota (Sakon Nakhon
     campus).
    Cambodia: project for development of rubber-
     based farming systems (2003) then PADAC (2007)
    Yunnan: YAAS experiments since 2003
But few interactions between countries and institutions despite…



• Similar difficulties regarding scaling up
• Similar need for higher synergies between R&D, extension and
  educational systems
• Need for experience exchanges (failures
  /successes, approaches)
• Emergence of new topics of R&D easier to implement at
  regional level (e.g., IPM, CA-Organic farming, market
  opportunities, certification, market links and commodity chains
  between countries...)
• Possibility to implement actions not feasible at country level
  (e.g., increase synergies among projects, seek regional
  funds, empowering regional research and expertises)
CONTENT


 The starting point: Why a network
  on CA in SEA?
 CANSEA: Objectives and activities
 Conclusion: Key lessons learned
  from CANSEA first years
  implementation
General objectives

To federate complementarities between
countries and institutions to:


 Improve efficiency of research
 Address theme of regional interest

 Go beyond the “pilot” diffusion of CA
systems in small-scale areas in Southeast Asia.


To do together what can’t be done alone
CANSEA Creation
• First exchanges in 2005 (regional workshop in Vientiane, Laos)
then in 2008 (regional workshop in Xieng Khouang, Laos)
• Official creation (MoU) on September 30th, 2009 (regional CA
meeting held in Vientiane, Laos)
CANSEA core members
              To do together what can’t be done alone
   China
   (Yunnan)
                                                   Vietnam
Thailand




                                                        Laos

 Cambodia




                                Indonesia
CANSEA core members
              To do together what can’t be done alone


• Cambodia: the Ministry of agriculture, forestry and fisheries (MAFF)
• China: the Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (YAAS)
• Indonesia: the Indonesian Agency for Agriculture Research and
  Development (IAARD)
• Laos: the National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute
  (NAFRI)
• Thailand: the University of Kasetsart (KU)
• Vietnam: the Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry
  Science Institute (NOMAFSI) and the Soils and Fertilizers Research
  Institute (SFRI)
• Le Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche
  Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), which cooperates
  with all the partners of South East Asia
Generic activities of the network
       Facilitate Exchange and communication
                   between partners


 To support exchanges of experience & results
and favor crossed training between partners
e.g. Financial contributions to:
-The 2nd regional workshop and conference on
CA, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 4-7 July 2011
- Sensitisation course on CA for Yunnan representative
in Laos (2010)
- Training of Lao master degree (Nabong univ.) and of
Vietnamese agronomists (NOMAFSI) in Thailand (KU)
and Cambodia (PADAC-MAFF) (2010 and 2011)

 To support the communication and
dissemination of results to the outside
(donors, research community, broad public)
- Updating the database on CA
- Setting up the CANSEA Web site (2009 & 2010)
ORCATAD CA Database
The CA network for South East Asia (CANSEA). Jean Claude Legoupil
Generic activities of the network
 To support exchanges between partners
 To support the communication and the dissemination of results to the outside

To define, prepare and jointly submit R4D regionally-based projects
 each network member is leading a theme of action having both national
importance and regional interest
 management by a Steering Committee and a Regional coordination unit

Institutions        Thematic areas
Cambodia GDA-
                    Methodological approach to link Research & Extension.
PADAC
                    CA development for diversification of rice-based cropping system in
China YAAS
                    uplands areas
                    CA development in watershed area (uplands & lowlands) to improve
Indonesia IAARD
                    agricultural production and control soil & environment degradation
Laos NAFRI          CA to restore fertility of degraded soils & more specifically of acidic soils
                    Curriculum development (Masters) on CA integrating (amongst others) C
Thailand KU
                    sequestration & soil Biology
Vietnam NOMAFSI
                    Soil conservation & CA-DMC systems in Uplands zones
SFRI
RC 1: CA-DMC systems for agricultural intensification, diversification
 and soil conservation in Uplands-Highlands

• Context:
                                                                                       Northern
                       Cambodia           China-Yunnan        Northern Laos
                                                                                       Vietnam
                                                               9,000,000 ha
 Concerned Areas    5-10,000,000 ha      394,000,000 ha                              95,000,000 ha
                                                             39% of the country

    Population         2,500,000           45,700,000           1,200,000              11,100,000
                     670,000 ha                                                      1,115,000 ha
   Agricultural
                   30% of cultivated     4,600,000 ha         2,400,000 ha          13% of cultivated
    Uplands
                        areas                                                            areas
                                              Slash and burn practice
 Farming systems    Mono cropping : Rain fed Rice, Maize, Tea, cassava, perennial crops (Rubber…)
                                      Emergence of commercial mono cropping
                                                    Very low yields
Present yield
                   Rice = 1.0 – 2.0 T/ha; Maize = 2 – 5 T/ha; Cassava: +/- 5 T/ha
Poverty rate             > 50%                 15%                 46%                   31.6%


                   About 9,000,000 ha potentially concerned
                         in 4 countries of the network
RC 1: CA-DMC systems for agricultural intensification, diversification
  and soil conservation in Uplands-Highlands

• Objectives:
    To take stoke:
     (i) of past and current results & lessons learnt regarding CA potential
     systems for these areas,
• Intensification and diversification of rice-based cropping systems
  in the uplands
  Traditional S&B system         Intercropping rice + cow pea
                                 northern Vietnam




 Improved fallow with legumes…   … or grasses




  Pigeon pea, Laos                         B. ruziziensis, Laos, Yunnan
• Diversification of tillage-based mono cropping (maize, cassava)
    in the uplands
                                Association corn + rice bean
 Traditional weeding on corn                                   Corn on stylo mulch, Laos
                                Laos, Sayabouri




Association corn + pigeon pea   Miniterrasses + soil mulch     Cassava + stylo, Vietnam
Laos, Xieng Khouang             Northern Vietnam
• Diversification of tillage-based mono cropping (maize, cassava) in
    the Highlands
               Maize and Cassava, the crops of Pioneers (Cambodia)




Rotation Maize+Stylo / Cassava+stylo       Use of bio-pumps in crop sequences (Cambodia)
Cambodia
                                                        Stylo. + V. umbellata




                                       Stylo. + Cajanus c.                      Stylo. + Sorghum
RC 1: CA-DMC systems for agricultural intensification, diversification
 and soil conservation in Uplands-Highlands

• Objectives:
    To take stoke
    (i) of past and current results & lessons learnt regarding CA potential systems
    for these areas,

    (ii) of accumulated knowledge regarding agrarian changes, farming
    system constraints and CA conditions for dissemination (when
    existing studies)

   To define and propose a regional project involving 2 to 4 of the
    countries and institutions of the network

   To promote CA diffusion on at least 5000 ha in 4 to 6 years
REMINDER
 For those interested in more details regarding CANSEA
                         projects…

Conservation Agriculture Network for South East Asia
                     (CANSEA)
                   SIDE EVENT

           Objectives, Projects & Opportunities
      for new Technical and Financial Partnerships
             for CA Development in SE Asia

             Tuesday, 27th September 2011

                6.00 pm, Plaza Room 5
CONTENT


 The starting point: Why a network
  on CA in SEA?
 CANSEA: Objectives and activities
 Conclusion: Key lessons learned
  from CANSEA first years
  implementation
Key lessons learned from the
                 experience of the CANSEA network
• Sharing of the information
The difficulty to mobilize grassroots partners, stakeholders and to make
  emerging relevant and useful information and results during ongoing
  CA programs and projects
• Regional communication tool
The difficulty to develop and use relevant Participatory Information &
  Communication Technologies for Development (PICT4D) tools which
  allow network members to share their information and experiences.
• Network structure and functioning
The necessity to have a lean structure to avoid heavy structural and
  transaction costs. Multiplying steering committees is very costly
  (travels, per diem…).
• Regional approach interest
In defining and implementing regional programs (transnational)
  objectives and activities of these programs are collectively defined.
  Institutions do together what can’t be done alone.
REMINDER
 For those interested in more details regarding CANSEA
                         projects…

Conservation Agriculture Network for South East Asia
                     (CANSEA)
                   SIDE EVENT

           Objectives, Projects & Opportunities
      for new Technical and Financial Partnerships
             for CA Development in SE Asia

             Tuesday, 27th September 2011

                6.00 pm, Plaza Room 5
Thank you for your attention !

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The CA network for South East Asia (CANSEA). Jean Claude Legoupil

  • 1. The Conservation Agriculture Network for South East Asia (CANSEA) An initiative to Develop and Disseminate CA in SEA Jean Claude Legoupil and Sulivanthong Kingkéo 5th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture Brisbane, Australia, 26-29 September 2011
  • 2. CONTENT  The starting point: Why a network on CA in SEA?  CANSEA: Objectives and activities  Conclusion: Key lessons learned from CANSEA first years implementation
  • 3. CONTENT  The starting point: Why a network on CA in SEA?  CANSEA: Objectives and activities  Conclusion: Key lessons learned from CANSEA first years implementation
  • 4. A wide diversity of bio-physical, socio-economical & agrarian contexts... - From lowlands to mountainous areas - Dry to humid conditions - Rice self-sufficiency to market-oriented Yuanmou - Land locked to easily accessible etc. Kunming Lancang Simao Tropic of Can Bac Kan Jinghong Yen Bai Hanoi Xieng Khouang Sayabouri Vientiane Sakon Nakhon Hué Elevation (m) 4400 Bangkok Pleiku 3300 Kampong Cham 2200 Phnom Penh 1100 0
  • 5. But similar concerns... Increasing demographic pressure RAPID CHANGES National and regional market demand changes Increased pressure on natural resources: High deforestation rate, soil degradation Latin America Africa Southeast Asia Global Total study area 1155 337 446 1937 Forest cover in 1990 669 ± 57 198 ± 13 283 ± 31 1150 ± 54 Forest cover in 1997 653 ± 56 193 ± 13 270 ± 30 1116 ± 53 Annual deforested area 2.5 ± 1.4 0.85 ± 0.30 2.5 ± 0.8 5.8 ± 1.4 Rate 0.38% 0.43% 0.91% 0.52% Annual regrowth area 0.28 ± 0.22 0.14 ± 0.11 0.53 ± 0.25 1.0 ± 0.32 Rate 0.04% 0.07% 0.19% 0.08% Annual net cover change −2.2 ± 1.2 −0.71 ± 0.31 −2.0 ± 0.8 −4.9 ± 1.3 Rate 0.33% 0.36% 0.71% 0.43% Annual degraded area 0.83 ± 0.67 0.39 ± 0.19 1.1 ± 0.44 2.3 ± 0.71 Rate 0.13% 0.21% 0.42% 0.20% From Achard et al, 2002
  • 6. Erosion in Northern Vietnam But similar concerns... Increasing demographic pressure National and regional consumption demand changes Erosion in Laos - Sayabouri Increased pressure on natural resources: High deforestation rate Soil degradation, Erosion and fertility decline… Erosion in China - Yunnan
  • 7. Erosion in Northern Vietnam But similar concerns... Increasing demographic pressure National and regional market demand changes High deforestation rate Increased pressure on natural resources Erosion, Soil degradation and fertility decline…  Similar wish to keep on the intensification and expansion of agricultural activities but to limit the related negative side-effects on natural resources  Similar interest in CA as technical alternative
  • 8. A decade of CA R4D programs in several SE countries…  Vietnam: SAM (1999); Rubber project (2003), ADAM (2008)  Laos: from 2003: PRONAE, PASS, ORCATAD, PROSA etc. supported by various donors (AFD, UE) 2009 : opening of the national centre for conservation agriculture  Thailand: since 2005: soil biology laboratory focused on CA impact on soil biota (Sakon Nakhon campus).  Cambodia: project for development of rubber- based farming systems (2003) then PADAC (2007)  Yunnan: YAAS experiments since 2003
  • 9. But few interactions between countries and institutions despite… • Similar difficulties regarding scaling up • Similar need for higher synergies between R&D, extension and educational systems • Need for experience exchanges (failures /successes, approaches) • Emergence of new topics of R&D easier to implement at regional level (e.g., IPM, CA-Organic farming, market opportunities, certification, market links and commodity chains between countries...) • Possibility to implement actions not feasible at country level (e.g., increase synergies among projects, seek regional funds, empowering regional research and expertises)
  • 10. CONTENT  The starting point: Why a network on CA in SEA?  CANSEA: Objectives and activities  Conclusion: Key lessons learned from CANSEA first years implementation
  • 11. General objectives To federate complementarities between countries and institutions to:  Improve efficiency of research  Address theme of regional interest  Go beyond the “pilot” diffusion of CA systems in small-scale areas in Southeast Asia. To do together what can’t be done alone
  • 12. CANSEA Creation • First exchanges in 2005 (regional workshop in Vientiane, Laos) then in 2008 (regional workshop in Xieng Khouang, Laos) • Official creation (MoU) on September 30th, 2009 (regional CA meeting held in Vientiane, Laos)
  • 13. CANSEA core members To do together what can’t be done alone China (Yunnan) Vietnam Thailand Laos Cambodia Indonesia
  • 14. CANSEA core members To do together what can’t be done alone • Cambodia: the Ministry of agriculture, forestry and fisheries (MAFF) • China: the Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (YAAS) • Indonesia: the Indonesian Agency for Agriculture Research and Development (IAARD) • Laos: the National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute (NAFRI) • Thailand: the University of Kasetsart (KU) • Vietnam: the Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute (NOMAFSI) and the Soils and Fertilizers Research Institute (SFRI) • Le Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), which cooperates with all the partners of South East Asia
  • 15. Generic activities of the network Facilitate Exchange and communication between partners  To support exchanges of experience & results and favor crossed training between partners e.g. Financial contributions to: -The 2nd regional workshop and conference on CA, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 4-7 July 2011 - Sensitisation course on CA for Yunnan representative in Laos (2010) - Training of Lao master degree (Nabong univ.) and of Vietnamese agronomists (NOMAFSI) in Thailand (KU) and Cambodia (PADAC-MAFF) (2010 and 2011)  To support the communication and dissemination of results to the outside (donors, research community, broad public) - Updating the database on CA - Setting up the CANSEA Web site (2009 & 2010)
  • 18. Generic activities of the network  To support exchanges between partners  To support the communication and the dissemination of results to the outside To define, prepare and jointly submit R4D regionally-based projects  each network member is leading a theme of action having both national importance and regional interest  management by a Steering Committee and a Regional coordination unit Institutions Thematic areas Cambodia GDA- Methodological approach to link Research & Extension. PADAC CA development for diversification of rice-based cropping system in China YAAS uplands areas CA development in watershed area (uplands & lowlands) to improve Indonesia IAARD agricultural production and control soil & environment degradation Laos NAFRI CA to restore fertility of degraded soils & more specifically of acidic soils Curriculum development (Masters) on CA integrating (amongst others) C Thailand KU sequestration & soil Biology Vietnam NOMAFSI Soil conservation & CA-DMC systems in Uplands zones SFRI
  • 19. RC 1: CA-DMC systems for agricultural intensification, diversification and soil conservation in Uplands-Highlands • Context: Northern Cambodia China-Yunnan Northern Laos Vietnam 9,000,000 ha Concerned Areas 5-10,000,000 ha 394,000,000 ha 95,000,000 ha 39% of the country Population 2,500,000 45,700,000 1,200,000 11,100,000 670,000 ha 1,115,000 ha Agricultural 30% of cultivated 4,600,000 ha 2,400,000 ha 13% of cultivated Uplands areas areas Slash and burn practice Farming systems Mono cropping : Rain fed Rice, Maize, Tea, cassava, perennial crops (Rubber…) Emergence of commercial mono cropping Very low yields Present yield Rice = 1.0 – 2.0 T/ha; Maize = 2 – 5 T/ha; Cassava: +/- 5 T/ha Poverty rate > 50% 15% 46% 31.6% About 9,000,000 ha potentially concerned in 4 countries of the network
  • 20. RC 1: CA-DMC systems for agricultural intensification, diversification and soil conservation in Uplands-Highlands • Objectives: To take stoke: (i) of past and current results & lessons learnt regarding CA potential systems for these areas,
  • 21. • Intensification and diversification of rice-based cropping systems in the uplands Traditional S&B system Intercropping rice + cow pea northern Vietnam Improved fallow with legumes… … or grasses Pigeon pea, Laos B. ruziziensis, Laos, Yunnan
  • 22. • Diversification of tillage-based mono cropping (maize, cassava) in the uplands Association corn + rice bean Traditional weeding on corn Corn on stylo mulch, Laos Laos, Sayabouri Association corn + pigeon pea Miniterrasses + soil mulch Cassava + stylo, Vietnam Laos, Xieng Khouang Northern Vietnam
  • 23. • Diversification of tillage-based mono cropping (maize, cassava) in the Highlands Maize and Cassava, the crops of Pioneers (Cambodia) Rotation Maize+Stylo / Cassava+stylo Use of bio-pumps in crop sequences (Cambodia) Cambodia Stylo. + V. umbellata Stylo. + Cajanus c. Stylo. + Sorghum
  • 24. RC 1: CA-DMC systems for agricultural intensification, diversification and soil conservation in Uplands-Highlands • Objectives: To take stoke (i) of past and current results & lessons learnt regarding CA potential systems for these areas, (ii) of accumulated knowledge regarding agrarian changes, farming system constraints and CA conditions for dissemination (when existing studies) To define and propose a regional project involving 2 to 4 of the countries and institutions of the network To promote CA diffusion on at least 5000 ha in 4 to 6 years
  • 25. REMINDER For those interested in more details regarding CANSEA projects… Conservation Agriculture Network for South East Asia (CANSEA) SIDE EVENT Objectives, Projects & Opportunities for new Technical and Financial Partnerships for CA Development in SE Asia Tuesday, 27th September 2011 6.00 pm, Plaza Room 5
  • 26. CONTENT  The starting point: Why a network on CA in SEA?  CANSEA: Objectives and activities  Conclusion: Key lessons learned from CANSEA first years implementation
  • 27. Key lessons learned from the experience of the CANSEA network • Sharing of the information The difficulty to mobilize grassroots partners, stakeholders and to make emerging relevant and useful information and results during ongoing CA programs and projects • Regional communication tool The difficulty to develop and use relevant Participatory Information & Communication Technologies for Development (PICT4D) tools which allow network members to share their information and experiences. • Network structure and functioning The necessity to have a lean structure to avoid heavy structural and transaction costs. Multiplying steering committees is very costly (travels, per diem…). • Regional approach interest In defining and implementing regional programs (transnational) objectives and activities of these programs are collectively defined. Institutions do together what can’t be done alone.
  • 28. REMINDER For those interested in more details regarding CANSEA projects… Conservation Agriculture Network for South East Asia (CANSEA) SIDE EVENT Objectives, Projects & Opportunities for new Technical and Financial Partnerships for CA Development in SE Asia Tuesday, 27th September 2011 6.00 pm, Plaza Room 5
  • 29. Thank you for your attention !

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