Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
The CA network for South East Asia (CANSEA). Jean Claude Legoupil
1. The Conservation Agriculture Network for
South East Asia (CANSEA)
An initiative to Develop and Disseminate CA in SEA
Jean Claude Legoupil and Sulivanthong Kingkéo
5th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture
Brisbane, Australia, 26-29 September 2011
2. CONTENT
The starting point: Why a network
on CA in SEA?
CANSEA: Objectives and activities
Conclusion: Key lessons learned
from CANSEA first years
implementation
3. CONTENT
The starting point: Why a network
on CA in SEA?
CANSEA: Objectives and activities
Conclusion: Key lessons learned
from CANSEA first years
implementation
4. A wide diversity of bio-physical, socio-economical
& agrarian contexts...
- From lowlands to mountainous areas
- Dry to humid conditions
- Rice self-sufficiency to market-oriented Yuanmou
- Land locked to easily accessible etc. Kunming
Lancang
Simao Tropic of Can
Bac Kan
Jinghong
Yen Bai
Hanoi
Xieng Khouang
Sayabouri
Vientiane
Sakon Nakhon
Hué
Elevation (m)
4400 Bangkok Pleiku
3300
Kampong Cham
2200 Phnom Penh
1100
0
5. But similar concerns...
Increasing demographic pressure RAPID CHANGES
National and regional market demand changes
Increased pressure on natural resources:
High deforestation rate, soil degradation
Latin America Africa Southeast Asia Global
Total study area 1155 337 446 1937
Forest cover in 1990 669 ± 57 198 ± 13 283 ± 31 1150 ± 54
Forest cover in 1997 653 ± 56 193 ± 13 270 ± 30 1116 ± 53
Annual deforested area 2.5 ± 1.4 0.85 ± 0.30 2.5 ± 0.8 5.8 ± 1.4
Rate 0.38% 0.43% 0.91% 0.52%
Annual regrowth area 0.28 ± 0.22 0.14 ± 0.11 0.53 ± 0.25 1.0 ± 0.32
Rate 0.04% 0.07% 0.19% 0.08%
Annual net cover change −2.2 ± 1.2 −0.71 ± 0.31 −2.0 ± 0.8 −4.9 ± 1.3
Rate 0.33% 0.36% 0.71% 0.43%
Annual degraded area 0.83 ± 0.67 0.39 ± 0.19 1.1 ± 0.44 2.3 ± 0.71
Rate 0.13% 0.21% 0.42% 0.20%
From Achard et al, 2002
6. Erosion in Northern Vietnam
But similar concerns...
Increasing demographic pressure
National and regional consumption
demand changes
Erosion in Laos - Sayabouri
Increased pressure on natural resources:
High deforestation rate
Soil degradation,
Erosion and fertility decline…
Erosion in China - Yunnan
7. Erosion in Northern Vietnam
But similar concerns...
Increasing demographic pressure
National and regional market demand changes
High deforestation rate
Increased pressure on natural resources
Erosion, Soil degradation and fertility decline…
Similar wish to keep on the intensification and
expansion of agricultural activities but to limit the
related negative side-effects on natural resources
Similar interest in CA as technical alternative
8. A decade of CA R4D programs in several SE countries…
Vietnam: SAM (1999); Rubber project
(2003), ADAM (2008)
Laos: from 2003: PRONAE, PASS, ORCATAD, PROSA
etc. supported by various donors (AFD, UE)
2009 : opening of the national centre for
conservation agriculture
Thailand: since 2005: soil biology laboratory
focused on CA impact on soil biota (Sakon Nakhon
campus).
Cambodia: project for development of rubber-
based farming systems (2003) then PADAC (2007)
Yunnan: YAAS experiments since 2003
9. But few interactions between countries and institutions despite…
• Similar difficulties regarding scaling up
• Similar need for higher synergies between R&D, extension and
educational systems
• Need for experience exchanges (failures
/successes, approaches)
• Emergence of new topics of R&D easier to implement at
regional level (e.g., IPM, CA-Organic farming, market
opportunities, certification, market links and commodity chains
between countries...)
• Possibility to implement actions not feasible at country level
(e.g., increase synergies among projects, seek regional
funds, empowering regional research and expertises)
10. CONTENT
The starting point: Why a network
on CA in SEA?
CANSEA: Objectives and activities
Conclusion: Key lessons learned
from CANSEA first years
implementation
11. General objectives
To federate complementarities between
countries and institutions to:
Improve efficiency of research
Address theme of regional interest
Go beyond the “pilot” diffusion of CA
systems in small-scale areas in Southeast Asia.
To do together what can’t be done alone
12. CANSEA Creation
• First exchanges in 2005 (regional workshop in Vientiane, Laos)
then in 2008 (regional workshop in Xieng Khouang, Laos)
• Official creation (MoU) on September 30th, 2009 (regional CA
meeting held in Vientiane, Laos)
13. CANSEA core members
To do together what can’t be done alone
China
(Yunnan)
Vietnam
Thailand
Laos
Cambodia
Indonesia
14. CANSEA core members
To do together what can’t be done alone
• Cambodia: the Ministry of agriculture, forestry and fisheries (MAFF)
• China: the Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (YAAS)
• Indonesia: the Indonesian Agency for Agriculture Research and
Development (IAARD)
• Laos: the National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute
(NAFRI)
• Thailand: the University of Kasetsart (KU)
• Vietnam: the Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry
Science Institute (NOMAFSI) and the Soils and Fertilizers Research
Institute (SFRI)
• Le Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche
Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), which cooperates
with all the partners of South East Asia
15. Generic activities of the network
Facilitate Exchange and communication
between partners
To support exchanges of experience & results
and favor crossed training between partners
e.g. Financial contributions to:
-The 2nd regional workshop and conference on
CA, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 4-7 July 2011
- Sensitisation course on CA for Yunnan representative
in Laos (2010)
- Training of Lao master degree (Nabong univ.) and of
Vietnamese agronomists (NOMAFSI) in Thailand (KU)
and Cambodia (PADAC-MAFF) (2010 and 2011)
To support the communication and
dissemination of results to the outside
(donors, research community, broad public)
- Updating the database on CA
- Setting up the CANSEA Web site (2009 & 2010)
18. Generic activities of the network
To support exchanges between partners
To support the communication and the dissemination of results to the outside
To define, prepare and jointly submit R4D regionally-based projects
each network member is leading a theme of action having both national
importance and regional interest
management by a Steering Committee and a Regional coordination unit
Institutions Thematic areas
Cambodia GDA-
Methodological approach to link Research & Extension.
PADAC
CA development for diversification of rice-based cropping system in
China YAAS
uplands areas
CA development in watershed area (uplands & lowlands) to improve
Indonesia IAARD
agricultural production and control soil & environment degradation
Laos NAFRI CA to restore fertility of degraded soils & more specifically of acidic soils
Curriculum development (Masters) on CA integrating (amongst others) C
Thailand KU
sequestration & soil Biology
Vietnam NOMAFSI
Soil conservation & CA-DMC systems in Uplands zones
SFRI
19. RC 1: CA-DMC systems for agricultural intensification, diversification
and soil conservation in Uplands-Highlands
• Context:
Northern
Cambodia China-Yunnan Northern Laos
Vietnam
9,000,000 ha
Concerned Areas 5-10,000,000 ha 394,000,000 ha 95,000,000 ha
39% of the country
Population 2,500,000 45,700,000 1,200,000 11,100,000
670,000 ha 1,115,000 ha
Agricultural
30% of cultivated 4,600,000 ha 2,400,000 ha 13% of cultivated
Uplands
areas areas
Slash and burn practice
Farming systems Mono cropping : Rain fed Rice, Maize, Tea, cassava, perennial crops (Rubber…)
Emergence of commercial mono cropping
Very low yields
Present yield
Rice = 1.0 – 2.0 T/ha; Maize = 2 – 5 T/ha; Cassava: +/- 5 T/ha
Poverty rate > 50% 15% 46% 31.6%
About 9,000,000 ha potentially concerned
in 4 countries of the network
20. RC 1: CA-DMC systems for agricultural intensification, diversification
and soil conservation in Uplands-Highlands
• Objectives:
To take stoke:
(i) of past and current results & lessons learnt regarding CA potential
systems for these areas,
21. • Intensification and diversification of rice-based cropping systems
in the uplands
Traditional S&B system Intercropping rice + cow pea
northern Vietnam
Improved fallow with legumes… … or grasses
Pigeon pea, Laos B. ruziziensis, Laos, Yunnan
22. • Diversification of tillage-based mono cropping (maize, cassava)
in the uplands
Association corn + rice bean
Traditional weeding on corn Corn on stylo mulch, Laos
Laos, Sayabouri
Association corn + pigeon pea Miniterrasses + soil mulch Cassava + stylo, Vietnam
Laos, Xieng Khouang Northern Vietnam
23. • Diversification of tillage-based mono cropping (maize, cassava) in
the Highlands
Maize and Cassava, the crops of Pioneers (Cambodia)
Rotation Maize+Stylo / Cassava+stylo Use of bio-pumps in crop sequences (Cambodia)
Cambodia
Stylo. + V. umbellata
Stylo. + Cajanus c. Stylo. + Sorghum
24. RC 1: CA-DMC systems for agricultural intensification, diversification
and soil conservation in Uplands-Highlands
• Objectives:
To take stoke
(i) of past and current results & lessons learnt regarding CA potential systems
for these areas,
(ii) of accumulated knowledge regarding agrarian changes, farming
system constraints and CA conditions for dissemination (when
existing studies)
To define and propose a regional project involving 2 to 4 of the
countries and institutions of the network
To promote CA diffusion on at least 5000 ha in 4 to 6 years
25. REMINDER
For those interested in more details regarding CANSEA
projects…
Conservation Agriculture Network for South East Asia
(CANSEA)
SIDE EVENT
Objectives, Projects & Opportunities
for new Technical and Financial Partnerships
for CA Development in SE Asia
Tuesday, 27th September 2011
6.00 pm, Plaza Room 5
26. CONTENT
The starting point: Why a network
on CA in SEA?
CANSEA: Objectives and activities
Conclusion: Key lessons learned
from CANSEA first years
implementation
27. Key lessons learned from the
experience of the CANSEA network
• Sharing of the information
The difficulty to mobilize grassroots partners, stakeholders and to make
emerging relevant and useful information and results during ongoing
CA programs and projects
• Regional communication tool
The difficulty to develop and use relevant Participatory Information &
Communication Technologies for Development (PICT4D) tools which
allow network members to share their information and experiences.
• Network structure and functioning
The necessity to have a lean structure to avoid heavy structural and
transaction costs. Multiplying steering committees is very costly
(travels, per diem…).
• Regional approach interest
In defining and implementing regional programs (transnational)
objectives and activities of these programs are collectively defined.
Institutions do together what can’t be done alone.
28. REMINDER
For those interested in more details regarding CANSEA
projects…
Conservation Agriculture Network for South East Asia
(CANSEA)
SIDE EVENT
Objectives, Projects & Opportunities
for new Technical and Financial Partnerships
for CA Development in SE Asia
Tuesday, 27th September 2011
6.00 pm, Plaza Room 5