goat

1. Submitted to: Ms. Crystal Hewitt
Submitted by:Tevon Morrison, Joel Manning and Cristal Chaplin
Date: October 15, 2019
Group: GA4

2. What is Dystocia
This is a difficulty during birth mostly found in heifers but can occur in
mature cows but it is less likely. Dystocia has do with the position of the
foetus inside the womb of the cow. When the calf is particularly large it
can also be considered to be dystocia as it causes a difficulty during
birth.

3. Treatment of Dystocia
 Assistance should be given to correct the position of the cow when exiting
the uterus
 When the calf is ready to be delivered a chain can be attached to the legs
to assist in pulling out the calf.

4. Cow Before Giving Birth

5. Calf Care
Before Birth
 Calf Health Starts Before Birth
The secret to keeping beef calves healthy and growing starts
well before the calf is born
• Cows should be in good body condition prior to conception and calving.
• Cow vaccinations are critical to imparting strong immunity to the calf.
• Colostrum should be delivered to the calf within six to 24 hours of birth.

6. Calf Care
After Birth
After the calf is born
For the First Couple of Days:
· Remove the placenta so that the cow does not eat it.
· Allow the cow to lick the calf.
· Dip the navel in some iodine (20%) to disinfect. drink will
do if there is nothing else),

7. Cow Licking New Born Calf

8. What is Colostrum
This is the first milk that is produced by the cow. The next eight milking are
called ‘transition’ milk
Colostrum is a milky fluid that comes from the breasts of humans, cows,
and other mammals the first few days after giving birth, before true milk
appears. It contains proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and
proteins (antibodies) that fight disease-causing agents such as bacteria and
viruses

9. Calf Care
After Birth
The calf’s first feed of colostrum is essential within five
hours of birth For the first couple of days the calf can
stickle the cow as and when it wants. During this time the
colostrum (which is the first milk) is not suitable for
human consumption and should not be sold. But it is very
important that within the first 24 hours after being born,
that the calf gets at least three or four feeds of this milk.

10. Composition of Colostrum
In general, colostrum contains less lactose and more fat, protein, peptides, non-protein
nitrogen, ash, vitamins and minerals, hormones, growth factors, cytokines and
nucleotides than mature milk; except in the case of lactose, the levels of these
compounds decrease rapidly during the first 3 days of lactation.

11. Picture Highlighting a cow Being Fed colostrum

12. Benefits of Colostrum to New Born
Colostrum intake is critical for a newborn calf, as its immune system is
not fully developed when born. Colostrum contains antibodies or
immunoglobulins (essential proteins) necessary to provide the calf with
protection from disease. This immunity that the calf receives is known as
passive immunity.

13. A sample of Colustrum

14. What is Milk
Milk is a nutrient-rich, white liquid food produced by the mammary
glands of mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for infant
mammals before they are able to digest other types of food.

16. Composition of Milk to New born calves
Milk replacers should contain a minimum of 18 to 22% crude protein, 10 to 22%
crude fat, and less than 0.5% crude fiber. They should be mixed and fed according to
the manufacturer's directions. During cold weather, calves should be fed a milk
replacer containing 20% fat, and more milk replacer powder should be fed.

17. Benefits of Milk to New born calves
Milk in their milk vat. Because it has no market value, transition milk should all be
fed to calves to reduce their total feed costs. However, it must be stressed that the
immune properties of this pooled milk are much reduced once first milking colostrum
is diluted with that from second or later milking.

18. Three (3) Method of Weaning
Dry lot weaning
Early Weaning
Pasture weaning

19. Dry lot weaning
 Advantagedvantage
• Increases marketability of crop residues, forages and other feedstuffs. Allows
more control of the herd for health and management. Allows easier
synchronization and artificial insemination. Increases number of cows per bull
with natural service. Allows flexibility of management (dry lot during breeding
or before weaning). Lessens weaning stress for calves.
 Disadvantage
• Increases labor and equipment use for feeding. Requires more manure
spreading. Facilities and equipment depreciate more quickly. Requires higher
level of management for ration balancing and herd health. Can increase
crowding and associated stress.

20. Early Weaning
 Advantage
• Dams of early weaned calves are in better condition at calving and that carries over
to breeding season.
• Calves can be fed to grow to their genetic potential when forage conditions are not
optimal for the dam.
• It may be the key to more efficient feed use during times of drought or other periods
of feed shortage.
• Early weaned calves are very efficient of converting feed to gain
 Disadvantage
• Excellent calf nutrition and management is required.
• More labor is necessary.
• The facilities and feed must be available for small calves.
• Calves spend a lot of time in a dry lot prior to slaughter.

21. Pasture weaning
 Advantage
• Dams of early weaned calves are in better condition at calving and that carries over to
breeding season.
• Calves can be fed to grow to their genetic potential when forage conditions are not optimal for
the dam.
• It may be the key to more efficient feed use during times of drought or other periods of feed
shortage.
• Early weaned calves are very efficient of converting feed to gain
 Disadvantage
• Excellent calf nutrition and management is required.
• More labor is necessary.
• The facilities and feed must be available for small calves.
• Calves spend a lot of time in a dry lot prior to slaughter.

22. Diseases that affects Cattle
 Hoof Rot
The signs and symptoms of hoof rot are:
 Limping
 Holding leg above ground
 Reluctance to walk
 The sole and side walls of the foot appear ragged and have an unpleasant
odour

23. Diseases
 Anaemia- This is the low blood count that is cause by the loss of mineral
and iron within the blood.
 The signs of And symptoms of Anaemia:
 Calves Being Born Malnourished
 Move with a limping
 Sore Mouth-
The signs and symptoms of sore mouth are:
 Thick scabby sores on lips and gums
 The appearance of pustules (boils) on mainly the lips and nostrils

24. Reference
Reeves Y. Dairy Production, 2016
www.file.scirb.org
Rediscoverdairy.co.za
 Hirst, K. Kris. "The History of the Domestication of Goats". About.com.
Accessed August 18, 2008.
Amrein-Boyes, D. (2009). 200 Easy Homemade Cheese Recipes. Robert Rose
Inc.: Toronto