SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 42
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
PUBLIC POLICY & PROGRAM
         ADMINISTRATION
              By:
   Engr. Rogelio D. Mercado
           DPA 204
What is Public Policy?
• Attempt by the government to address a public
  issue
• Principles & standards regarded by the
  legislature or by the courts as being of
  fundamental concern to the State & the whole
  society
• Course of action or inaction taken by
  governmental entities with regard to a particular
  issue or set of issues
Meaning of Public Policy
• System of courses of action, regulatory measures,
  laws, & funding priorities concerning a given
  topic promulgated by a governmental entity or its
  representatives
• Commonly embodied in constitutions, legislative
  acts and judicial decisions; may also be created
  by an executive order, bureaucratic regulation, or
  provincial/city/municipal/barangay ordinance
Meaning of Public Policy
• Also considered academic discipline as it is
  studied by professors & students at public
  policy schools of major universities
• Basically the legal framework within which
  society operates
• Composite of decisions that government
  makes & programs it embarks upon or
  implements to achieve goals
Meaning of Public Policy
• Implies process of formulating & promulgating
  a program based on a set of principles
• Rule of action, manifesting or clarifying
  specific organization goals, objectives, values,
  or ideals & often prescribing the obligatory or
  most desirable ways & means for their
  accomplishment
Aims of Public Policy
• Reconcile conflicting claims for scarce
  resources
• Encourage or foster cooperation that would
  probably not occur without government
  influence or encouragement
• Prohibit morally unacceptable behavior
• Protect the rights of individuals
• Provide direct benefits to citizens
Nature & Scope of Public Policy
• “The authoritative allocation of values for a society.”
• “The process of deciding who gets what, when,
  where and how.”
• “What the government chooses to do or not to do
  about a specific problem.”
• Establish the boundaries of our freedoms & color
  the contours of our interactions with other people in
  our political, social & economic systems
Three (3) Parts to Public Policy-Making
• Problem – issue that needs to be addressed
• Player – individual or group that is influential in
  forming a plan to address the problem in
  question
• Policy – finalized course of action decided upon
  by the government; widely open to interpretation
  by NGO players & private sector including church
  & cultural institutions
Shaping Public Policy
• Complex & multifaceted process
• Interplay of individuals & groups (interest)
  competing/collaborating to influence policy
  makers
• Variety of tools/tactics used to advance aims
• Advocating positions publicly – educating
  supporters/opponents, mobilizing allies
Advocacy
• Attempt to influence public policy thru
  education, lobbying or political pressure
• Educate general public/policy makers re:
  nature of problems, needed legislation &
  funding required for services/research
• Regarded as unseemly but it can clearly
  influence public policy priorities
Guidance for Policy Makers
             (Core Principles)
• Politicians & public servants are accountable
  to the public
• Elites, in politics & private sector, do not have
  the right to pursue their interests without
  constraints
• Government bureaucratic & decision
  processes must be open, accessible, &
  transparent, as well as responsive to public
Guidance to Policy Makers
• Individuals & communities affected by
  projects have the right to information
  regarding proposed developments; the
  right to challenge the need for, and the
  design of, projects, and the right to be
  involved in planning and decision-making
  processes.
Rational Model of Public
          Policy Making Process
• Agenda setting – agencies & government
  officials meet to discuss the problem at hand
• Option-formulation – alternative solutions are
  considered & final decisions are made
  regarding the best policy
• Implementation – the decided policy is
  enforced
Stages in the Policy Process
         (John W. Kingdom, 1984)
•   Agenda setting
•   Policy recognition
•   Policy generation
•   Political action
•   Policy formulation
•   Policy implementation
Agenda Setting
• Certain problems are viewed as needing action while
  others are postponed; competing claims &
  prioritization gain or decline in prominence over time
• Many people contribute – president, members of
  congress, executive branch officials, political parties,
  interest groups, media & the general public – in
  shaping public opinion
Agenda Setting
• From many & competing claims, policy
  makers select issues to be given priority
  & those to be filtered out
• Confluence of 3 streams of events: policy
  recognition, policy generation, & political
  action
Policy Recognition
• Certain topics emerge as significant issues that demand
  action due to many influences such as indicators that
  come to public view, feedback on current programs, or
  events that demand attention
• Policy entrepreneurs invest personal time, energy, &
  often money to pursue policy changes by using
  publicity campaigns, direct contacts with decision
  makers (letters, phone calls) petition drives, etc. Or
  involve themselves in media, political parties, or
  interest groups, that provide access to decision makers
Policy Generation
• May occur almost simultaneously with policy
  recognition; likely that many are trying to
  generate solutions to the problem
• Ideas come from decision makers themselves,
  members of their staff, experts in the
  bureaucracy, members of the scientific
  community, policy think tanks, or from the
  general public
Policy Generation
• Proposed solutions swirl around through
  speeches & articles, papers, & conversations
  until a few ideas begin to gain special currency
• Ideas generated not only seem to correctly
  address the problem but seem also to be
  politically acceptable.
Political Action
• To reach the top of policy agenda, proposal
  must be consistent with emerging political
  realities
   – Consistent with prevailing political climate
   – Favored by incumbent administration &
     legislative majority
   – Support of interest groups
Policy Formulation
• Development of formal policy statements
  (legislation, executive orders, administrative
  rules, etc.) that are viewed as legitimate
• Procedure in legislation: a bill is introduced &
  referred to a committee ( & perhaps a sub-
  committee), hearings are held, the committee
  reports to the larger body, a vote is taken in both
  houses, a conference committee works out
  differences in the 2 versions, & the bill is sent to
  the chief executive for his signature
Policy Formulation
• President has formal & informal means of
  influencing legislation thru program initiatives
  & budget proposals
• Other government officials interact with
  Congress on a regular basis & may also affect
  policy outcomes
• Individual citizens & interest groups also seek
  access & influence
Policy Formulation
• Government agencies usually send program
  proposals to the legislature for its
  consideration
• Agency personnel are often called upon to
  provide testimony regarding particular
  proposals due to their expertise on public
  issues
Policy Formulation
• When relationship among interest
  groups, agency personnel, & members of
  Congress become strong, frequent &
  intense, the resulting alliance is called
  sub-governments or iron triangles that
  often exert great influence
Policy Implementation
• Legislation is general & lacks details
• Legislators cannot foresee questions that may come
  up during implementation
• Legislation leaves great deal of discretion to public
  managers in working out details of particular
  program
• Managers develop administrative rules or policies to
  give detail to legislation or fill in the gaps
Types of Policy
• Regulatory policy – designed to limit the
  actions of persons or groups so as to protect
  the general public or a substantial portion of
  the public
• Distributive policy – most common form of
  government policy, uses tax revenues to
  provide benefits to individuals or groups by
  means of grants or subsidies
Types of Policy
• Redistributive policy – take taxes from certain
  groups & give them to another group
   – Income stabilization – support to
     unemployed or retired
   – Social welfare – providing direct payments
     to indigents
   – Health care programs - Medicare
Types of Policy
Constituent Policy – intended to benefit the
 public generally or to serve the government
Foreign & defence policies
Policies affecting the structure & function of
 government agencies like government re-
 organization, etc.
Steps in Making Public Policies
               (Roy Sylvan)
• Identify problem that needs improvement or
  solution
• Develop alternative solutions that can improve or
  solve the problem
• Adopt an alternative or combination of alternatives
• Implement the adopted policy
• Evaluate the effect of the policy on the problem it
  addresses & on the people affected
Public Policy & Program Administration
Steps in Passage of Bill in Philippine
               Legislature
• 1st reading – principal author may propose additional
  authors; contains title, number & names of authors
• Bill referred to appropriate committee for study; if
  disapproved by committee, dies
• 2nd reading – after favorable committee evaluation,
  bill forwarded to Committee on Rules for calendar;
  read for 2nd time in entirety
Steps in Philippine Legislature
• Debates – general debate & amendments
  proposed in accordance with rules
• Printing & distribution – after approval on 2nd
  reading, bill printed in final form & distributed
  to members 3 days before passage
• 3rd reading – last reading where only title is
  read; no amendment allowed & votes (yeas &
  nays) entered in journal; member may
  abstain; majority of quorum can pass bill
Steps in Philippine Legislature
• Bill referred to other house – same procedure
• Bill forwarded to President – if approved on 3rd
  reading by both houses, bill printed in final form &
  transmitted to the President for appropriate action;
  no action within 30 days means the bill becomes law;
  bills re-passed over veto automatically becomes
  law.
Local Legislative Body (Sanggunian)
              Critical Tasks
• Formulating & managing the legislative
  agenda
• Crafting ordinances & resolutions
• Enacting ordinances & codes of ordinances
• Evaluating the implementation of ordinances
Crafting Ordinances & Resolutions
• Identifying & analyzing a policy problem to be
  addressed by legislation
• Gathering research-based information
• Drafting the legislative proposal – requires
  knowledge of its parts or elements, rules of
  construction such as grammar & usage, form
  & style; civil society groups can influence this
  cycle by drafting proposals & giving them to
  legislators
Enactment of Legislation
•   Deliberation
•   Consultation
•   Codification
•   Consideration
Legislative Oversight
• Evaluation of how the policy
  was carried out; that funds
  were not wasted
Elements of Effective Local Legislation

• Efficient institution or organization
• Participatory legislation process
• Development perspective; addresses
  development objectives: poverty reduction,
  environmental protection, gender equality,
  peace & unity, accountability & transparency,
  citizen participation
Citizen Participation
• Awareness-raising on areas & mechanisms for
  participation
• Making existing legislative mechanisms for
  participation work
• Developing innovative tools to encourage &
  sustain participation in legislative decision
  making
Mechanisms for Legislative
            Participation
• Committee meetings
• Committee hearings
• Legislative agenda formulation – public
  consultations & workshop
• Budget hearings
• Accreditation (research, writing, information)
Methods to Solicit Input
           /Comment from Public
•   Public hearing
•   Public consultation
•   Focus group discussion
•   Community needs assessment survey
•   Consultation by individual legislators
Tools To Reach Out Public
•   Legislative digest
•   Sanggunian brochure
•   Media tools
•   Website
•   Letters to constituents
•   Barangay or purok hopping
•   Study visits for students

Más contenido relacionado

Was ist angesagt?

Philippine Administrative System (PAS)
Philippine Administrative System  (PAS)Philippine Administrative System  (PAS)
Philippine Administrative System (PAS)Jo Balucanag - Bitonio
 
Public Fiscal Administration
Public Fiscal AdministrationPublic Fiscal Administration
Public Fiscal AdministrationTristan de Mortel
 
Public fiscal administration lect 1
Public fiscal administration lect 1Public fiscal administration lect 1
Public fiscal administration lect 1renebeth donguiz
 
Fiscal administration 2 ppt
Fiscal administration 2 pptFiscal administration 2 ppt
Fiscal administration 2 pptLouie Medinaceli
 
Local Government and Regional Administration
Local Government and Regional AdministrationLocal Government and Regional Administration
Local Government and Regional AdministrationJo Balucanag - Bitonio
 
CURRENT ISSUES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
CURRENT ISSUES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONCURRENT ISSUES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
CURRENT ISSUES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONGinandjar Kartasasmita
 
The history and development of the philippine administrative system copy
The history and development of the philippine administrative system   copyThe history and development of the philippine administrative system   copy
The history and development of the philippine administrative system copyJohnRealVernonPanoli
 
The nature of bureaucracy in the philippines
The nature of bureaucracy in the philippinesThe nature of bureaucracy in the philippines
The nature of bureaucracy in the philippinesAntonov Anive
 
Public personnel administration(final)
Public personnel administration(final)Public personnel administration(final)
Public personnel administration(final)Michael Grafia
 
Current Issues in Public Personnel Administration
Current Issues in Public Personnel AdministrationCurrent Issues in Public Personnel Administration
Current Issues in Public Personnel AdministrationJaypeeRojas
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Philippine Local Government System
Philippine Local Government SystemPhilippine Local Government System
Philippine Local Government System
 
Lgu budgeting process
Lgu budgeting processLgu budgeting process
Lgu budgeting process
 
Local Government
Local GovernmentLocal Government
Local Government
 
Philippine Administrative System (PAS)
Philippine Administrative System  (PAS)Philippine Administrative System  (PAS)
Philippine Administrative System (PAS)
 
Decentralization and Local Autonomy
Decentralization and Local AutonomyDecentralization and Local Autonomy
Decentralization and Local Autonomy
 
Nature of Public Policy
Nature of Public Policy Nature of Public Policy
Nature of Public Policy
 
Public Fiscal Administration
Public Fiscal AdministrationPublic Fiscal Administration
Public Fiscal Administration
 
Fiscal Administration by Theresa
Fiscal Administration by TheresaFiscal Administration by Theresa
Fiscal Administration by Theresa
 
Local Government and Its Structure
Local Government  and Its StructureLocal Government  and Its Structure
Local Government and Its Structure
 
Public fiscal administration lect 1
Public fiscal administration lect 1Public fiscal administration lect 1
Public fiscal administration lect 1
 
Fiscal administration 2 ppt
Fiscal administration 2 pptFiscal administration 2 ppt
Fiscal administration 2 ppt
 
Local Government and Regional Administration
Local Government and Regional AdministrationLocal Government and Regional Administration
Local Government and Regional Administration
 
CURRENT ISSUES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
CURRENT ISSUES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONCURRENT ISSUES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
CURRENT ISSUES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
 
Role of Local Government
Role of Local GovernmentRole of Local Government
Role of Local Government
 
The history and development of the philippine administrative system copy
The history and development of the philippine administrative system   copyThe history and development of the philippine administrative system   copy
The history and development of the philippine administrative system copy
 
The nature of bureaucracy in the philippines
The nature of bureaucracy in the philippinesThe nature of bureaucracy in the philippines
The nature of bureaucracy in the philippines
 
Public personnel administration(final)
Public personnel administration(final)Public personnel administration(final)
Public personnel administration(final)
 
BUDGET PROCESS OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
BUDGET PROCESS OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL GOVERNMENTBUDGET PROCESS OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
BUDGET PROCESS OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
 
Current Issues in Public Personnel Administration
Current Issues in Public Personnel AdministrationCurrent Issues in Public Personnel Administration
Current Issues in Public Personnel Administration
 
Local Governments in the Philippines
Local Governments in the PhilippinesLocal Governments in the Philippines
Local Governments in the Philippines
 

Andere mochten auch

Public policy-analysis
Public policy-analysisPublic policy-analysis
Public policy-analysismanoharlaxmi
 
SPED 205-Organization & Administration of Special Education
SPED 205-Organization & Administration of Special EducationSPED 205-Organization & Administration of Special Education
SPED 205-Organization & Administration of Special EducationChelli Chelai
 
Characteristics of a good policy
Characteristics of a good policyCharacteristics of a good policy
Characteristics of a good policyIvan Bendiola
 
Public Policy
Public PolicyPublic Policy
Public Policydficker
 
ppt on understaing policy
ppt on understaing policyppt on understaing policy
ppt on understaing policynida19
 
Administration and Supervision in Education
Administration and Supervision in EducationAdministration and Supervision in Education
Administration and Supervision in EducationCharo May Naigan
 

Andere mochten auch (9)

Public policy-analysis
Public policy-analysisPublic policy-analysis
Public policy-analysis
 
SPED 205-Organization & Administration of Special Education
SPED 205-Organization & Administration of Special EducationSPED 205-Organization & Administration of Special Education
SPED 205-Organization & Administration of Special Education
 
Characteristics of a good policy
Characteristics of a good policyCharacteristics of a good policy
Characteristics of a good policy
 
Levels and typologies of public policy
Levels and typologies of public policyLevels and typologies of public policy
Levels and typologies of public policy
 
Public Policy
Public PolicyPublic Policy
Public Policy
 
ppt on understaing policy
ppt on understaing policyppt on understaing policy
ppt on understaing policy
 
THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO PUBLIC POLICY
THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO PUBLIC POLICYTHEORETICAL APPROACHES TO PUBLIC POLICY
THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO PUBLIC POLICY
 
PUBLIC POLICY: AN INTRODUCTION
PUBLIC POLICY: AN INTRODUCTIONPUBLIC POLICY: AN INTRODUCTION
PUBLIC POLICY: AN INTRODUCTION
 
Administration and Supervision in Education
Administration and Supervision in EducationAdministration and Supervision in Education
Administration and Supervision in Education
 

Ähnlich wie Public Policy & Program Administration

Process of public policy
Process of public policyProcess of public policy
Process of public policyM Ali Kemal
 
Public policy analysis & design presentation 1
Public policy analysis & design presentation 1Public policy analysis & design presentation 1
Public policy analysis & design presentation 1chalaAyele1
 
Lecture 9 strategic planning for iranian ng os - dr. jeff sheldon - march 2019
Lecture 9   strategic planning for iranian ng os - dr. jeff sheldon - march 2019Lecture 9   strategic planning for iranian ng os - dr. jeff sheldon - march 2019
Lecture 9 strategic planning for iranian ng os - dr. jeff sheldon - march 2019Jeffrey Andrew Sheldon, M.A., Ed.M.
 
Theories_of_pubvvvvvvvvvvvvvvlic_policy.ppt
Theories_of_pubvvvvvvvvvvvvvvlic_policy.pptTheories_of_pubvvvvvvvvvvvvvvlic_policy.ppt
Theories_of_pubvvvvvvvvvvvvvvlic_policy.pptGaaaau2019
 
educational policy.pptx
educational policy.pptxeducational policy.pptx
educational policy.pptxAdonisBesa3
 
Factors affecting public policy
Factors affecting public policyFactors affecting public policy
Factors affecting public policyKhadkaprakash2
 
Maximizing Research's Policy Impact: Engaging with Policy Makers
Maximizing Research's Policy Impact: Engaging with Policy MakersMaximizing Research's Policy Impact: Engaging with Policy Makers
Maximizing Research's Policy Impact: Engaging with Policy MakersWellesley Institute
 
Policy Research Colloquium_MDS 19_Lec 2.pptx
Policy Research Colloquium_MDS 19_Lec 2.pptxPolicy Research Colloquium_MDS 19_Lec 2.pptx
Policy Research Colloquium_MDS 19_Lec 2.pptxNafisAlZamee
 
Advocacy workshop day2
Advocacy workshop day2Advocacy workshop day2
Advocacy workshop day2Sheila Ash
 
Getty ImagesLearning ObjectivesIn this c.docx
Getty ImagesLearning ObjectivesIn this c.docxGetty ImagesLearning ObjectivesIn this c.docx
Getty ImagesLearning ObjectivesIn this c.docxhanneloremccaffery
 
Public relations in policy evaluation and implementation
Public relations in policy evaluation and implementationPublic relations in policy evaluation and implementation
Public relations in policy evaluation and implementationBolaji Okusaga
 
Introduction to policy_making_process
Introduction to policy_making_processIntroduction to policy_making_process
Introduction to policy_making_processpasicUganda
 
models-of-public-policy-formulation
models-of-public-policy-formulationmodels-of-public-policy-formulation
models-of-public-policy-formulationNayyar Kazmi
 
Policy report final by Merlinda D Gorriceta, Joy S Sumortin, Derna F Bancien
Policy report final by Merlinda D Gorriceta, Joy S Sumortin, Derna F BancienPolicy report final by Merlinda D Gorriceta, Joy S Sumortin, Derna F Bancien
Policy report final by Merlinda D Gorriceta, Joy S Sumortin, Derna F BancienDer Na Fuente Bella
 

Ähnlich wie Public Policy & Program Administration (20)

Process of public policy
Process of public policyProcess of public policy
Process of public policy
 
Rationale for Public Policy
Rationale for Public PolicyRationale for Public Policy
Rationale for Public Policy
 
Public policy analysis & design presentation 1
Public policy analysis & design presentation 1Public policy analysis & design presentation 1
Public policy analysis & design presentation 1
 
Lecture 9 strategic planning for iranian ng os - dr. jeff sheldon - march 2019
Lecture 9   strategic planning for iranian ng os - dr. jeff sheldon - march 2019Lecture 9   strategic planning for iranian ng os - dr. jeff sheldon - march 2019
Lecture 9 strategic planning for iranian ng os - dr. jeff sheldon - march 2019
 
Theories_of_pubvvvvvvvvvvvvvvlic_policy.ppt
Theories_of_pubvvvvvvvvvvvvvvlic_policy.pptTheories_of_pubvvvvvvvvvvvvvvlic_policy.ppt
Theories_of_pubvvvvvvvvvvvvvvlic_policy.ppt
 
educational policy.pptx
educational policy.pptxeducational policy.pptx
educational policy.pptx
 
Factors affecting public policy
Factors affecting public policyFactors affecting public policy
Factors affecting public policy
 
Maximizing Research's Policy Impact: Engaging with Policy Makers
Maximizing Research's Policy Impact: Engaging with Policy MakersMaximizing Research's Policy Impact: Engaging with Policy Makers
Maximizing Research's Policy Impact: Engaging with Policy Makers
 
Models of-public-policy-formulation
Models of-public-policy-formulationModels of-public-policy-formulation
Models of-public-policy-formulation
 
Models of-public-policy-formulation
Models of-public-policy-formulationModels of-public-policy-formulation
Models of-public-policy-formulation
 
AGENDA SETTING
AGENDA SETTING AGENDA SETTING
AGENDA SETTING
 
Policy Research Colloquium_MDS 19_Lec 2.pptx
Policy Research Colloquium_MDS 19_Lec 2.pptxPolicy Research Colloquium_MDS 19_Lec 2.pptx
Policy Research Colloquium_MDS 19_Lec 2.pptx
 
Advocacy workshop day2
Advocacy workshop day2Advocacy workshop day2
Advocacy workshop day2
 
Getty ImagesLearning ObjectivesIn this c.docx
Getty ImagesLearning ObjectivesIn this c.docxGetty ImagesLearning ObjectivesIn this c.docx
Getty ImagesLearning ObjectivesIn this c.docx
 
Public relations in policy evaluation and implementation
Public relations in policy evaluation and implementationPublic relations in policy evaluation and implementation
Public relations in policy evaluation and implementation
 
Policy Creation
Policy CreationPolicy Creation
Policy Creation
 
Introduction to policy_making_process
Introduction to policy_making_processIntroduction to policy_making_process
Introduction to policy_making_process
 
PUBLIC POLICY: AN INTRODUCTION
PUBLIC POLICY: AN INTRODUCTIONPUBLIC POLICY: AN INTRODUCTION
PUBLIC POLICY: AN INTRODUCTION
 
models-of-public-policy-formulation
models-of-public-policy-formulationmodels-of-public-policy-formulation
models-of-public-policy-formulation
 
Policy report final by Merlinda D Gorriceta, Joy S Sumortin, Derna F Bancien
Policy report final by Merlinda D Gorriceta, Joy S Sumortin, Derna F BancienPolicy report final by Merlinda D Gorriceta, Joy S Sumortin, Derna F Bancien
Policy report final by Merlinda D Gorriceta, Joy S Sumortin, Derna F Bancien
 

Mehr von Jo Balucanag - Bitonio

Defining Urban, Urbanization & Urbanism
Defining Urban, Urbanization &  UrbanismDefining Urban, Urbanization &  Urbanism
Defining Urban, Urbanization & UrbanismJo Balucanag - Bitonio
 
Lecture on Rural Development Feb 24.pptx
Lecture on Rural Development Feb 24.pptxLecture on Rural Development Feb 24.pptx
Lecture on Rural Development Feb 24.pptxJo Balucanag - Bitonio
 
Lecture Presentation on Project Proposal
Lecture Presentation on Project ProposalLecture Presentation on Project Proposal
Lecture Presentation on Project ProposalJo Balucanag - Bitonio
 
MPA Lecture on Stakeholder Analysis.pptx
MPA Lecture on Stakeholder Analysis.pptxMPA Lecture on Stakeholder Analysis.pptx
MPA Lecture on Stakeholder Analysis.pptxJo Balucanag - Bitonio
 
LEC DEVELOPMENT ISSUES AND CONCERNS.pptx
LEC DEVELOPMENT ISSUES AND CONCERNS.pptxLEC DEVELOPMENT ISSUES AND CONCERNS.pptx
LEC DEVELOPMENT ISSUES AND CONCERNS.pptxJo Balucanag - Bitonio
 
Human beings Cause & Consequence of Devt
Human beings Cause & Consequence of DevtHuman beings Cause & Consequence of Devt
Human beings Cause & Consequence of DevtJo Balucanag - Bitonio
 
MPA 212 Lec Training and Development.pdf
MPA 212 Lec Training and Development.pdfMPA 212 Lec Training and Development.pdf
MPA 212 Lec Training and Development.pdfJo Balucanag - Bitonio
 
MPA 213 : LECTURE ON SOCIAL-DEVELOPMENT.
MPA 213 : LECTURE ON SOCIAL-DEVELOPMENT.MPA 213 : LECTURE ON SOCIAL-DEVELOPMENT.
MPA 213 : LECTURE ON SOCIAL-DEVELOPMENT.Jo Balucanag - Bitonio
 
Urban & Metro Admin and Governancges.pdf
Urban & Metro Admin and Governancges.pdfUrban & Metro Admin and Governancges.pdf
Urban & Metro Admin and Governancges.pdfJo Balucanag - Bitonio
 
MPA 210 Lecture : Planning & Budgeting
MPA 210  Lecture :  Planning & BudgetingMPA 210  Lecture :  Planning & Budgeting
MPA 210 Lecture : Planning & BudgetingJo Balucanag - Bitonio
 
SPMS LECTURE :PERFORMANCE AND EVALUATION
SPMS LECTURE :PERFORMANCE AND EVALUATIONSPMS LECTURE :PERFORMANCE AND EVALUATION
SPMS LECTURE :PERFORMANCE AND EVALUATIONJo Balucanag - Bitonio
 
Lecture Maintenance & Development of HR.
Lecture Maintenance & Development of HR.Lecture Maintenance & Development of HR.
Lecture Maintenance & Development of HR.Jo Balucanag - Bitonio
 
Job Analysis, Job Design and Evaluation
Job Analysis, Job Design and  EvaluationJob Analysis, Job Design and  Evaluation
Job Analysis, Job Design and EvaluationJo Balucanag - Bitonio
 
MPA 212 Lecture :COPING WITH STRESS.pptx
MPA 212 Lecture :COPING WITH STRESS.pptxMPA 212 Lecture :COPING WITH STRESS.pptx
MPA 212 Lecture :COPING WITH STRESS.pptxJo Balucanag - Bitonio
 
MPA 212 Lecture : COACHING AND MENTORING
MPA 212 Lecture : COACHING AND MENTORINGMPA 212 Lecture : COACHING AND MENTORING
MPA 212 Lecture : COACHING AND MENTORINGJo Balucanag - Bitonio
 
Lec Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity
Lec  Volatility, Uncertainty, ComplexityLec  Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity
Lec Volatility, Uncertainty, ComplexityJo Balucanag - Bitonio
 
HRMD Lec Managing Ethically and Globally
HRMD Lec Managing Ethically and GloballyHRMD Lec Managing Ethically and Globally
HRMD Lec Managing Ethically and GloballyJo Balucanag - Bitonio
 
Lec : Human Resources - Self Confidence
Lec :  Human Resources - Self ConfidenceLec :  Human Resources - Self Confidence
Lec : Human Resources - Self ConfidenceJo Balucanag - Bitonio
 
Lecture : Adaptive Organizational Design
Lecture : Adaptive Organizational DesignLecture : Adaptive Organizational Design
Lecture : Adaptive Organizational DesignJo Balucanag - Bitonio
 

Mehr von Jo Balucanag - Bitonio (20)

Defining Urban, Urbanization & Urbanism
Defining Urban, Urbanization &  UrbanismDefining Urban, Urbanization &  Urbanism
Defining Urban, Urbanization & Urbanism
 
Lecture on Rural Development Feb 24.pptx
Lecture on Rural Development Feb 24.pptxLecture on Rural Development Feb 24.pptx
Lecture on Rural Development Feb 24.pptx
 
Lecture Presentation on Project Proposal
Lecture Presentation on Project ProposalLecture Presentation on Project Proposal
Lecture Presentation on Project Proposal
 
MPA Lecture on Stakeholder Analysis.pptx
MPA Lecture on Stakeholder Analysis.pptxMPA Lecture on Stakeholder Analysis.pptx
MPA Lecture on Stakeholder Analysis.pptx
 
LEC DEVELOPMENT ISSUES AND CONCERNS.pptx
LEC DEVELOPMENT ISSUES AND CONCERNS.pptxLEC DEVELOPMENT ISSUES AND CONCERNS.pptx
LEC DEVELOPMENT ISSUES AND CONCERNS.pptx
 
Human beings Cause & Consequence of Devt
Human beings Cause & Consequence of DevtHuman beings Cause & Consequence of Devt
Human beings Cause & Consequence of Devt
 
MPA 211: Lecture on WORK ETHICS. pptx
MPA 211:  Lecture  on  WORK ETHICS. pptxMPA 211:  Lecture  on  WORK ETHICS. pptx
MPA 211: Lecture on WORK ETHICS. pptx
 
MPA 212 Lec Training and Development.pdf
MPA 212 Lec Training and Development.pdfMPA 212 Lec Training and Development.pdf
MPA 212 Lec Training and Development.pdf
 
MPA 213 : LECTURE ON SOCIAL-DEVELOPMENT.
MPA 213 : LECTURE ON SOCIAL-DEVELOPMENT.MPA 213 : LECTURE ON SOCIAL-DEVELOPMENT.
MPA 213 : LECTURE ON SOCIAL-DEVELOPMENT.
 
Urban & Metro Admin and Governancges.pdf
Urban & Metro Admin and Governancges.pdfUrban & Metro Admin and Governancges.pdf
Urban & Metro Admin and Governancges.pdf
 
MPA 210 Lecture : Planning & Budgeting
MPA 210  Lecture :  Planning & BudgetingMPA 210  Lecture :  Planning & Budgeting
MPA 210 Lecture : Planning & Budgeting
 
SPMS LECTURE :PERFORMANCE AND EVALUATION
SPMS LECTURE :PERFORMANCE AND EVALUATIONSPMS LECTURE :PERFORMANCE AND EVALUATION
SPMS LECTURE :PERFORMANCE AND EVALUATION
 
Lecture Maintenance & Development of HR.
Lecture Maintenance & Development of HR.Lecture Maintenance & Development of HR.
Lecture Maintenance & Development of HR.
 
Job Analysis, Job Design and Evaluation
Job Analysis, Job Design and  EvaluationJob Analysis, Job Design and  Evaluation
Job Analysis, Job Design and Evaluation
 
MPA 212 Lecture :COPING WITH STRESS.pptx
MPA 212 Lecture :COPING WITH STRESS.pptxMPA 212 Lecture :COPING WITH STRESS.pptx
MPA 212 Lecture :COPING WITH STRESS.pptx
 
MPA 212 Lecture : COACHING AND MENTORING
MPA 212 Lecture : COACHING AND MENTORINGMPA 212 Lecture : COACHING AND MENTORING
MPA 212 Lecture : COACHING AND MENTORING
 
Lec Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity
Lec  Volatility, Uncertainty, ComplexityLec  Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity
Lec Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity
 
HRMD Lec Managing Ethically and Globally
HRMD Lec Managing Ethically and GloballyHRMD Lec Managing Ethically and Globally
HRMD Lec Managing Ethically and Globally
 
Lec : Human Resources - Self Confidence
Lec :  Human Resources - Self ConfidenceLec :  Human Resources - Self Confidence
Lec : Human Resources - Self Confidence
 
Lecture : Adaptive Organizational Design
Lecture : Adaptive Organizational DesignLecture : Adaptive Organizational Design
Lecture : Adaptive Organizational Design
 

Último

Riti theory by Vamana Indian poetics.pptx
Riti theory by Vamana Indian poetics.pptxRiti theory by Vamana Indian poetics.pptx
Riti theory by Vamana Indian poetics.pptxDhatriParmar
 
How to Customise Quotation's Appearance Using PDF Quote Builder in Odoo 17
How to Customise Quotation's Appearance Using PDF Quote Builder in Odoo 17How to Customise Quotation's Appearance Using PDF Quote Builder in Odoo 17
How to Customise Quotation's Appearance Using PDF Quote Builder in Odoo 17Celine George
 
DLL Catch Up Friday March 22.docx CATCH UP FRIDAYS
DLL Catch Up Friday March 22.docx CATCH UP FRIDAYSDLL Catch Up Friday March 22.docx CATCH UP FRIDAYS
DLL Catch Up Friday March 22.docx CATCH UP FRIDAYSTeacherNicaPrintable
 
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community Coll
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community CollLEAD5623 The Economics of Community Coll
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community CollDr. Bruce A. Johnson
 
Research Methodology and Tips on Better Research
Research Methodology and Tips on Better ResearchResearch Methodology and Tips on Better Research
Research Methodology and Tips on Better ResearchRushdi Shams
 
The basics of sentences session 8pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 8pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 8pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 8pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...
Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...
Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...gdgsurrey
 
Material Remains as Source of Ancient Indian History & Culture.ppt
Material Remains as Source of Ancient Indian History & Culture.pptMaterial Remains as Source of Ancient Indian History & Culture.ppt
Material Remains as Source of Ancient Indian History & Culture.pptBanaras Hindu University
 
AI Uses and Misuses: Academic and Workplace Applications
AI Uses and Misuses: Academic and Workplace ApplicationsAI Uses and Misuses: Academic and Workplace Applications
AI Uses and Misuses: Academic and Workplace ApplicationsStella Lee
 
UNIT I Design Thinking and Explore.pptx
UNIT I  Design Thinking and Explore.pptxUNIT I  Design Thinking and Explore.pptx
UNIT I Design Thinking and Explore.pptxGOWSIKRAJA PALANISAMY
 
3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx
3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx
3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptxmary850239
 
VIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdf
VIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdfVIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdf
VIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdfArthyR3
 
ICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdfICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdfVanessa Camilleri
 
THYROID HORMONE.pptx by Subham Panja,Asst. Professor, Department of B.Sc MLT,...
THYROID HORMONE.pptx by Subham Panja,Asst. Professor, Department of B.Sc MLT,...THYROID HORMONE.pptx by Subham Panja,Asst. Professor, Department of B.Sc MLT,...
THYROID HORMONE.pptx by Subham Panja,Asst. Professor, Department of B.Sc MLT,...Subham Panja
 
2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...
2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...
2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...Sandy Millin
 
POST ENCEPHALITIS case study Jitendra bhargav
POST ENCEPHALITIS case study  Jitendra bhargavPOST ENCEPHALITIS case study  Jitendra bhargav
POST ENCEPHALITIS case study Jitendra bhargavJitendra Bhargav
 
The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita Anand
The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita AnandThe OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita Anand
The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita AnandDr. Sarita Anand
 
Dhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian Poetics
Dhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian PoeticsDhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian Poetics
Dhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian PoeticsDhatriParmar
 

Último (20)

Riti theory by Vamana Indian poetics.pptx
Riti theory by Vamana Indian poetics.pptxRiti theory by Vamana Indian poetics.pptx
Riti theory by Vamana Indian poetics.pptx
 
How to Customise Quotation's Appearance Using PDF Quote Builder in Odoo 17
How to Customise Quotation's Appearance Using PDF Quote Builder in Odoo 17How to Customise Quotation's Appearance Using PDF Quote Builder in Odoo 17
How to Customise Quotation's Appearance Using PDF Quote Builder in Odoo 17
 
DLL Catch Up Friday March 22.docx CATCH UP FRIDAYS
DLL Catch Up Friday March 22.docx CATCH UP FRIDAYSDLL Catch Up Friday March 22.docx CATCH UP FRIDAYS
DLL Catch Up Friday March 22.docx CATCH UP FRIDAYS
 
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community Coll
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community CollLEAD5623 The Economics of Community Coll
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community Coll
 
Problems on Mean,Mode,Median Standard Deviation
Problems on Mean,Mode,Median Standard DeviationProblems on Mean,Mode,Median Standard Deviation
Problems on Mean,Mode,Median Standard Deviation
 
Research Methodology and Tips on Better Research
Research Methodology and Tips on Better ResearchResearch Methodology and Tips on Better Research
Research Methodology and Tips on Better Research
 
The basics of sentences session 8pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 8pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 8pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 8pptx.pptx
 
t-test Parametric test Biostatics and Research Methodology
t-test Parametric test Biostatics and Research Methodologyt-test Parametric test Biostatics and Research Methodology
t-test Parametric test Biostatics and Research Methodology
 
Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...
Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...
Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...
 
Material Remains as Source of Ancient Indian History & Culture.ppt
Material Remains as Source of Ancient Indian History & Culture.pptMaterial Remains as Source of Ancient Indian History & Culture.ppt
Material Remains as Source of Ancient Indian History & Culture.ppt
 
AI Uses and Misuses: Academic and Workplace Applications
AI Uses and Misuses: Academic and Workplace ApplicationsAI Uses and Misuses: Academic and Workplace Applications
AI Uses and Misuses: Academic and Workplace Applications
 
UNIT I Design Thinking and Explore.pptx
UNIT I  Design Thinking and Explore.pptxUNIT I  Design Thinking and Explore.pptx
UNIT I Design Thinking and Explore.pptx
 
3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx
3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx
3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx
 
VIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdf
VIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdfVIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdf
VIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdf
 
ICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdfICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdf
 
THYROID HORMONE.pptx by Subham Panja,Asst. Professor, Department of B.Sc MLT,...
THYROID HORMONE.pptx by Subham Panja,Asst. Professor, Department of B.Sc MLT,...THYROID HORMONE.pptx by Subham Panja,Asst. Professor, Department of B.Sc MLT,...
THYROID HORMONE.pptx by Subham Panja,Asst. Professor, Department of B.Sc MLT,...
 
2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...
2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...
2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...
 
POST ENCEPHALITIS case study Jitendra bhargav
POST ENCEPHALITIS case study  Jitendra bhargavPOST ENCEPHALITIS case study  Jitendra bhargav
POST ENCEPHALITIS case study Jitendra bhargav
 
The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita Anand
The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita AnandThe OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita Anand
The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita Anand
 
Dhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian Poetics
Dhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian PoeticsDhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian Poetics
Dhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian Poetics
 

Public Policy & Program Administration

  • 1. PUBLIC POLICY & PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION By: Engr. Rogelio D. Mercado DPA 204
  • 2. What is Public Policy? • Attempt by the government to address a public issue • Principles & standards regarded by the legislature or by the courts as being of fundamental concern to the State & the whole society • Course of action or inaction taken by governmental entities with regard to a particular issue or set of issues
  • 3. Meaning of Public Policy • System of courses of action, regulatory measures, laws, & funding priorities concerning a given topic promulgated by a governmental entity or its representatives • Commonly embodied in constitutions, legislative acts and judicial decisions; may also be created by an executive order, bureaucratic regulation, or provincial/city/municipal/barangay ordinance
  • 4. Meaning of Public Policy • Also considered academic discipline as it is studied by professors & students at public policy schools of major universities • Basically the legal framework within which society operates • Composite of decisions that government makes & programs it embarks upon or implements to achieve goals
  • 5. Meaning of Public Policy • Implies process of formulating & promulgating a program based on a set of principles • Rule of action, manifesting or clarifying specific organization goals, objectives, values, or ideals & often prescribing the obligatory or most desirable ways & means for their accomplishment
  • 6. Aims of Public Policy • Reconcile conflicting claims for scarce resources • Encourage or foster cooperation that would probably not occur without government influence or encouragement • Prohibit morally unacceptable behavior • Protect the rights of individuals • Provide direct benefits to citizens
  • 7. Nature & Scope of Public Policy • “The authoritative allocation of values for a society.” • “The process of deciding who gets what, when, where and how.” • “What the government chooses to do or not to do about a specific problem.” • Establish the boundaries of our freedoms & color the contours of our interactions with other people in our political, social & economic systems
  • 8. Three (3) Parts to Public Policy-Making • Problem – issue that needs to be addressed • Player – individual or group that is influential in forming a plan to address the problem in question • Policy – finalized course of action decided upon by the government; widely open to interpretation by NGO players & private sector including church & cultural institutions
  • 9. Shaping Public Policy • Complex & multifaceted process • Interplay of individuals & groups (interest) competing/collaborating to influence policy makers • Variety of tools/tactics used to advance aims • Advocating positions publicly – educating supporters/opponents, mobilizing allies
  • 10. Advocacy • Attempt to influence public policy thru education, lobbying or political pressure • Educate general public/policy makers re: nature of problems, needed legislation & funding required for services/research • Regarded as unseemly but it can clearly influence public policy priorities
  • 11. Guidance for Policy Makers (Core Principles) • Politicians & public servants are accountable to the public • Elites, in politics & private sector, do not have the right to pursue their interests without constraints • Government bureaucratic & decision processes must be open, accessible, & transparent, as well as responsive to public
  • 12. Guidance to Policy Makers • Individuals & communities affected by projects have the right to information regarding proposed developments; the right to challenge the need for, and the design of, projects, and the right to be involved in planning and decision-making processes.
  • 13. Rational Model of Public Policy Making Process • Agenda setting – agencies & government officials meet to discuss the problem at hand • Option-formulation – alternative solutions are considered & final decisions are made regarding the best policy • Implementation – the decided policy is enforced
  • 14. Stages in the Policy Process (John W. Kingdom, 1984) • Agenda setting • Policy recognition • Policy generation • Political action • Policy formulation • Policy implementation
  • 15. Agenda Setting • Certain problems are viewed as needing action while others are postponed; competing claims & prioritization gain or decline in prominence over time • Many people contribute – president, members of congress, executive branch officials, political parties, interest groups, media & the general public – in shaping public opinion
  • 16. Agenda Setting • From many & competing claims, policy makers select issues to be given priority & those to be filtered out • Confluence of 3 streams of events: policy recognition, policy generation, & political action
  • 17. Policy Recognition • Certain topics emerge as significant issues that demand action due to many influences such as indicators that come to public view, feedback on current programs, or events that demand attention • Policy entrepreneurs invest personal time, energy, & often money to pursue policy changes by using publicity campaigns, direct contacts with decision makers (letters, phone calls) petition drives, etc. Or involve themselves in media, political parties, or interest groups, that provide access to decision makers
  • 18. Policy Generation • May occur almost simultaneously with policy recognition; likely that many are trying to generate solutions to the problem • Ideas come from decision makers themselves, members of their staff, experts in the bureaucracy, members of the scientific community, policy think tanks, or from the general public
  • 19. Policy Generation • Proposed solutions swirl around through speeches & articles, papers, & conversations until a few ideas begin to gain special currency • Ideas generated not only seem to correctly address the problem but seem also to be politically acceptable.
  • 20. Political Action • To reach the top of policy agenda, proposal must be consistent with emerging political realities – Consistent with prevailing political climate – Favored by incumbent administration & legislative majority – Support of interest groups
  • 21. Policy Formulation • Development of formal policy statements (legislation, executive orders, administrative rules, etc.) that are viewed as legitimate • Procedure in legislation: a bill is introduced & referred to a committee ( & perhaps a sub- committee), hearings are held, the committee reports to the larger body, a vote is taken in both houses, a conference committee works out differences in the 2 versions, & the bill is sent to the chief executive for his signature
  • 22. Policy Formulation • President has formal & informal means of influencing legislation thru program initiatives & budget proposals • Other government officials interact with Congress on a regular basis & may also affect policy outcomes • Individual citizens & interest groups also seek access & influence
  • 23. Policy Formulation • Government agencies usually send program proposals to the legislature for its consideration • Agency personnel are often called upon to provide testimony regarding particular proposals due to their expertise on public issues
  • 24. Policy Formulation • When relationship among interest groups, agency personnel, & members of Congress become strong, frequent & intense, the resulting alliance is called sub-governments or iron triangles that often exert great influence
  • 25. Policy Implementation • Legislation is general & lacks details • Legislators cannot foresee questions that may come up during implementation • Legislation leaves great deal of discretion to public managers in working out details of particular program • Managers develop administrative rules or policies to give detail to legislation or fill in the gaps
  • 26. Types of Policy • Regulatory policy – designed to limit the actions of persons or groups so as to protect the general public or a substantial portion of the public • Distributive policy – most common form of government policy, uses tax revenues to provide benefits to individuals or groups by means of grants or subsidies
  • 27. Types of Policy • Redistributive policy – take taxes from certain groups & give them to another group – Income stabilization – support to unemployed or retired – Social welfare – providing direct payments to indigents – Health care programs - Medicare
  • 28. Types of Policy Constituent Policy – intended to benefit the public generally or to serve the government Foreign & defence policies Policies affecting the structure & function of government agencies like government re- organization, etc.
  • 29. Steps in Making Public Policies (Roy Sylvan) • Identify problem that needs improvement or solution • Develop alternative solutions that can improve or solve the problem • Adopt an alternative or combination of alternatives • Implement the adopted policy • Evaluate the effect of the policy on the problem it addresses & on the people affected
  • 31. Steps in Passage of Bill in Philippine Legislature • 1st reading – principal author may propose additional authors; contains title, number & names of authors • Bill referred to appropriate committee for study; if disapproved by committee, dies • 2nd reading – after favorable committee evaluation, bill forwarded to Committee on Rules for calendar; read for 2nd time in entirety
  • 32. Steps in Philippine Legislature • Debates – general debate & amendments proposed in accordance with rules • Printing & distribution – after approval on 2nd reading, bill printed in final form & distributed to members 3 days before passage • 3rd reading – last reading where only title is read; no amendment allowed & votes (yeas & nays) entered in journal; member may abstain; majority of quorum can pass bill
  • 33. Steps in Philippine Legislature • Bill referred to other house – same procedure • Bill forwarded to President – if approved on 3rd reading by both houses, bill printed in final form & transmitted to the President for appropriate action; no action within 30 days means the bill becomes law; bills re-passed over veto automatically becomes law.
  • 34. Local Legislative Body (Sanggunian) Critical Tasks • Formulating & managing the legislative agenda • Crafting ordinances & resolutions • Enacting ordinances & codes of ordinances • Evaluating the implementation of ordinances
  • 35. Crafting Ordinances & Resolutions • Identifying & analyzing a policy problem to be addressed by legislation • Gathering research-based information • Drafting the legislative proposal – requires knowledge of its parts or elements, rules of construction such as grammar & usage, form & style; civil society groups can influence this cycle by drafting proposals & giving them to legislators
  • 36. Enactment of Legislation • Deliberation • Consultation • Codification • Consideration
  • 37. Legislative Oversight • Evaluation of how the policy was carried out; that funds were not wasted
  • 38. Elements of Effective Local Legislation • Efficient institution or organization • Participatory legislation process • Development perspective; addresses development objectives: poverty reduction, environmental protection, gender equality, peace & unity, accountability & transparency, citizen participation
  • 39. Citizen Participation • Awareness-raising on areas & mechanisms for participation • Making existing legislative mechanisms for participation work • Developing innovative tools to encourage & sustain participation in legislative decision making
  • 40. Mechanisms for Legislative Participation • Committee meetings • Committee hearings • Legislative agenda formulation – public consultations & workshop • Budget hearings • Accreditation (research, writing, information)
  • 41. Methods to Solicit Input /Comment from Public • Public hearing • Public consultation • Focus group discussion • Community needs assessment survey • Consultation by individual legislators
  • 42. Tools To Reach Out Public • Legislative digest • Sanggunian brochure • Media tools • Website • Letters to constituents • Barangay or purok hopping • Study visits for students