2. What is Solid Waste
In a nutshell “ Solid waste can be regarded as refuse or
waste from any kind of source”. But any refuse or waste
can be economic resource to others.
Mining
FlyAsh
Agriculture:
o Dairy
o Agriculture residues
And Municipal Solid Waste-State of concern
3. Estimated waste generation is 1,00,000 MT/day
Per capita waste generation ranges between
0.20 to 0.60 kg.
Waste collection efficiency in bigger sized cities
ranges from 70 to 90% and in small sized towns
it is up to 50-60%.
Local authorities spend less 5% of their budget
on waste disposal and maximum cost is
incurred on street sweeping and collection and
transportation of waste.
4. MSW GENERATION - NATIONAL
SCENARIO
MAJOR DEFICIENCIES
• Littering of garbage due to unorganized
primary collection
• Provision and operation of interim storage
facilities unsatisfactory
• Irregular garbage lifting
• Transportation system not synchronize with
storage facilities
• Processing/treatment of MSW not practiced
• Final disposal through dumping
5. Status of Solid Waste Management in Class I Cities
and Class II Towns
CITIES / TOWNS CLASS I CLASS II
No. of Cities 299 345
Total Population 1281138655 22375588
Waste Generation 48134 1454
(MT/d)
Mode of collection
Manually 50% 78 %
Trucks 49 % 21 %
Others 1% 1%
Disposal
Dumping 94 % 93 %
Composting 5% 6%
Others 1% 1%
6. Composition of Municipal Solid Waste
Description Percent by
weight
Vegetable, leaves 40.15
Grass 3.80
Paper 0.81
Plastic 0.62
Glass/ceramics 0.44
Metal 0.64
Stones/ashes 41.81
Miscellaneous 11.73
9. LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK
RESPONSIBILITIES
Implementation and
Enforcement development of Monitoring
infrastructure compliance of
prescribed
standards
Grant of
Authorization
Submission of
for waste
Annual Reports State Pollution
Municipal processing/
Authorities disposal facilities Control Boards/
Pollution Control
Committees
Dept. of District
Urban Magistrate
Development Annual Reports on status
of implementation
Other
Metro- cities and Central Pollution
cities towns Control Board
10. Enacted “Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and
Handling) Rules, 2000
Rules lay emphasis on seeking participation of citizens in
waste segregation, prohibiting littering of garbage, proper
storage of waste and efficient transportation of waste for
its processing and final disposal.
Specifications to be followed for land filling to protect
environmental pollution and adoption of appropriate
waste processing technologies has been emphasized.
The Rules are applicable to each town irrespective of its
population.
11. Schedule I- Time Target
Schedule II- Procedures for collections, segregation,
storage, transport processing & disposal of SW
Schedule –III- specifications for land fill sites.
12. Applicable to all Municipal Authorities
Obtain authorization- through Form-I from SPCB
Comply the provisions as per schedule I
Annual Report in Form-II to:
- Secretary State Deptt. of Urban Development
and DM with a copy to SPCB
13. Violation of the provisions
Improvement in landfill site as per Rules
(Schedule I) is not being done
Identification of new site as required
under Schedule I
Submission of annual report as required
under Section 4a
14. RESPONSIBILTIES OF
MUNICIPAL AUTHORITIES
• Imple me nta tion of S che dule I a nd othe r
provis ions of the Rule s
• Infra s tructure de ve lopme nt for colle ction,
s tora ge , s e gre ga tion, tra ns porta tion a nd
dis pos a l of MS W a s pe r S che dule II
• Obta ining a uthoriza tion for s e tting up wa s te
proce s s ing a nd dis pos a l fa cilitie s from S P CBs /
P CCs
• Furnis hing a nnua l re port a nd a ccide nt re porting
to S e cre ta ry (UD)/ Dis trict Ma gis tra te
15. RESPONSIBILITIES OF
STATE/UT GOVERNMENTS
• Ove ra ll e nforce me nt in me tro-citie s in the
S ta te / UT – S e cre ta ry-in-cha rge , De pt. of
Urba n De ve lopme nt
• Ove ra ll e nforce me nt in othe r la rge citie s
a nd towns – Dis trict Ma gis tra te / De puty
Commis s ione r of the conce rne d dis tricts
16. Lack of adequate financial resources to implement
specified provisions of the rule.
Slow progress in ensuring segregation of waste.
In adequate infrastructure to meet the requirements for
collection, storage and transportation of waste.
Local bodies not conversant and exposed with intricacies
of application of appropriate waste processing
technologies.
Comprehensive specification on landfills are difficult to
meet due to ‘high cost of construction and operation’
including non-existence of adequate number of
indigenous firms to undertake the jobs.
17. CONSTRAINTS IN IMPLEMENTATION
• Ove rburde n on loca l a uthoritie s due to
uncontrolle d urba niza tion tha t s tra ins the s ys te m
• Fra gme nte d ma na ge me nt a pproa ch whe re more
tha n one de pa rtme nt is involve d a nd la ck of inte r-
de pa rtme nta l coordina tion
• Ina de qua te fina ncia l re s ource s of municipa l
a uthoritie s to unde rta ke improve me nt progra ms a s
re quire d unde r S che dule II, III a nd IV
• La ck of tra ine d ma npowe r a t a ll le ve ls
• La ck of te chnica l a s s is ta nce for s e le ction of
a ppropria te te chnologie s
19. COLLECTION AND STORAGE (contd…)
MAIN OBSERVATIONS :
• More than 40% of the receptacles in poor
physical conditions (broken walls, roofs, doors)
• 20 - 25% of the receptacles are hotspots
• Substantial no. of dhalaos in good physical
conditions converted and used as office space
• Low garbage lifting frequency
• Dhalao design and the machinery used for lifting
garbage not matching. In most cases, the
machinery responsible for damaged dhalaos
20. TRANSPORTATION
• One-third of the collection trucks observed on
road do not cover garbage during transport
• The cover (jute or plastic) used in most of the
vehicles is often in bad shape
• At any given time, a high 30% of collection
vehicles are not in working conditions,
depleting the already lean fleet
• Vehicles are too high for manual lifting and
filling of garbage from dhalaos
22. COLLECTION AND STORAGE (contd…)
MAIN OBSERVATIONS :
• About 15% of the receptacles in poor physical
conditions (broken walls, roofs, doors)
• Horticultural wastes collection and lifting needs
improvement
• Garbage stations – in general, are working
satisfactorily; however, segregated wastes observed
to be mixed again at the time of collection in these
stations
• Rag pickers up lifting project – in association with
NGO – a positive step worth emulation
23. TRANSPORTATION
• Most of the trucks used for transport of
garbage is fitted with permanent covers
• Garbage lifting crew provided with brooms and
lime powder to sweep and disinfect in and
around the dustbin after lifting - a practice
worth emulation
24. WASTE PROCESSING (COMPOSTING)
• Estimated generation of wastes: 300 MT/
day
• Applied for authorization from DPCC
• Processing less than 70 MT/ against 200
day
MT/day
• Only around 10% of wastes converted into
compost
• Good quality compost and regular sale of product
• Needs complete renovation or replacement
25. MAJOR RECOMMENDATIONS
• Adopt of professional approach for MSW
management
• Prepare of MSW Management Master Plan
• Set short, medium and long-term waste
reduction targets and programs to implement
• Renovate compost plant for full-conversion of
garbage generated area into compost
• Develop plans to compost horticultural wastes
26. Partnership Model of Community Based Solid Waste
Management
DONOR
NGO/Public sector
provides technical support
Providing and facilitation for
Fund community based SWM
and composting
Coordinating the
MoEF programme NGO /
Communities
Public Sector
Communities
NGO Ensures the
participate in Door-to-
MC & PWD quality of compost Door waste collection
Providing land
and other programme and
contribute towards its
logistics Cost. Also produce
Fertilizer Companies Compost and sell to
private Sector
PUBLIC PRIVATE COMMUNITY
27. What should be the role of an NGOs
The following roles are suggested:
Public awareness;
Model Preparation/Experimental/
Research;
Bridging between Govt. & Society,
organizing residence as pressure groups;
Acting as a buffer zone between the
community and the municipal authorities.
28. What should be done by NGOs
The following suggestions are offered in the hope
that some of them may be of some benefit:
Do keep away from political activity;
Do consider carefully what can be done with
available resources;
Do try to evolve a system of self help rather than
depending on the municipal corporation;
Do aim at cooperation rather than confrontation with
the municipalities;
Do keep in contact with other NGOs in the area to
avoid to duplication of work;
Do encourage the target groups to focus more on
their duties and less on their eights;
Don’t arouse too many expectations otherwise failure
to fulfill them all may lead to withdrawal are
disappointment.
29. Cities having population > 1 million targeted for
ensuring compliance with the rules.
Set up reasonable number of demonstration facilities
with Government financial support for the benefit of
other local bodies.
Re-set the “simplified” specifications on land filling
particularly for smaller local bodies with due regard
to prevention of pollution
.
30. Key issues in managing Municipal Solid Waste
Phenomenal growth in urban population is
creating solid waste disposal problems;
Alternative service delivery is required?
Community based initiatives;
What is needed to nurture community based
initiatives;
The need for research;
Need for Networking;
Innovations:
e.g.Preventing spillage of garbage,
Vermiculture, drain cleaning street sweeping
etc.
