Summary about diagnosis and teratment of systemic hypertension

1. Systemic Hypertension
I
By Jagranzotti

2. Systemic Hypertension
symptoms &signs
Headache, dyspnea,dizziness, tachy-arrhythmias
Encephalopathy hypertensive.( nauseas, vomiting,
mental confusion seizures) at hypertensive crisis
Acute pulmonary edema (rales and crakles in lungs)
at hypertensive crisis
systolic or dystolic murmur in aortic area Gallop
rhythm (s3)
Weak femural pulse palpation .in coarctation of the
aorta
Retinopathy(blurred vision) :on OCT
hemorrages;exsudates

3. Systemic Hypertension
etiology
Essential Primary Hypertension
Secondary Hypertension

4. Systemic Hypertension
diagnosis- Lab studies
Sytolic pressure > 13,5 mmHg and Dyastolic
pressure > 90 mmHg stage 1
Left ventricular hypertrophy on ECG
Echocardiography : Diagnosis of aorta
coarctation, and evaluation of left ventricular
enlargement
Urinanalisys :proteinuria, hematuria, casts, could
mean renal insufficiency or nephroesclerosis
Abdominal Uiltrasound and RMI ( Renal
diseases)

5. Systemic Hypertension
essential -causes
Hyperativity of symphatetic nervous system
Renin- angiotensin system
Decreased Natriuresis
Increased sodium and calcium intracelular
Exarcerbating factors : Obesity, High sodium
Intake, Alcohol, hyperlipidemia,diabetes mellitus,
smoking and stress

6. Systemic Hypertension
Secondary -Etiology
Strogen Therapy
Renal Diseases ( renal insufficiency)
Renal vascular Hypertension (renal artery
stenosis)
Pheochromocitoma
Coarctation of the aorta
Pregnancy
NSAID

7. Systemic Hypertension
Complications in untreated patients
Hypertensive cardiovascular disease
Hypertensive cerebrovascular disease and
dementia
Hypertensive renal disease
Aorta dissection
Atherosclerotic complications: stroke,coronary
heart disease

8. Systemic Hypertension treatment
non pharmacologiclife style changes
sodium intake 2,5 g /day or sodium chloride
6g/day
Low fat diet
Weight reduction when over weight
Reduction of alcohol intake
aerobic activity 45 min 4 times /week
Stoping smoking

9. Systemic Hypertension
pharmacologic therapy
Diuretics
Beta adrenergic blockers
Alfa adrenergic blockers
Angiotensin converting enzyme Iinhibitors
and other drugs therapy can reduce the risk of
stroke in 50% and heart attack in 30%