3. Morpheme
 Smallest grammatical unit of language
 It may or may not stand alone

4. Morpheme
 Free Morpheme – can function
independently as words and can appear with
other words
 Bound Morpheme – appears only parts of
words. Most common type is affixes (prefixes,
infixes and suffixes)

8. TYPES OF WORD FORMATION
 Compounding
 Clipping
 Blending
 Acronym
 Eponym
 Borrowing
 Derivation
 Back-Formation

9. COMPOUNDING
 It is the process of joining or combining two or
more words to make a longer word
Example:
Rain + Coat = Raincoat
Basket + Ball = Basketball
Work + Room = Workroom

10. COMPOUNDING
Example:
Rain + Coat = Raincoat
Basket + Ball = Basketball
Airplane + Port = Airport
Brain + Storm = Brainstorm
Chair + Man = Chairman
Work + Room = Workroom

11. CLIPPING
 It is the process in which a word is reduced or
shortened without changing the meaning of
the word

12. CLIPPING
 Types of Clipping:
1. Back Clipping – removing the end portion of
a word
2. Fore Clipping – removing the beginning
portion of a word
3. Middle Clipping – retaining only the middle
part of a word

13. CLIPPING
Example:
 Bike – Bicycle
 Gas – Gasoline
 Math – Mathematics
 Gym – Gymnasium
 Fridge – Refrigerator
 Sub – Submarine

14. BLENDING
 It is the process in which parts of two or more
words combine to create a new word whose
meaning is often a combination of the original
words

15. BLENDING
Example:
 Camera + Recorder = Camcorder
 Cybernetic + Organism = Cyborg
 Emotion + Icon = Emoticon
 Information + Commercial = Infomercial
 Internet + Citizen = Netizen
 Smoke + Fog = Smog

16. ACRONYMS
 A word or name formed as
an abbreviation from the initial components in
a phrase or a word, usually in the form of
individual letters.

17. ACRONYMS
Example:
 RADAR – Radio Detection and Ranging
 NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization
 NASA – National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
 OPEC – Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries

18. EPONYMS
 A word formation process in which a new
word is formed from the name of a real
fictitious person.

19. EPONYMS
Example:
 America – Amerigo Vespucci
 August – Augustus Caesar
 Celsius – Anders Celsius
 Mach – Ernst Mach
 Volcano – Vulcan, Roman God of Fire
 Victorian – Queen Victoria of England

20. BORROWING
 A word formation process in which a word
from one language is borrowed directly into
another language.

21. BORROWING
Example:
 Algebra (Arabic)
 Democracy (Greek)
 Cookie (Dutch)
 Haiku (Japanese)
 Murder (French)
 Pizza (Italian)
 Yo-Yo (Tagalog)

22. DERIVATION
 A type of word formation process in which a
derivational affix attaches to the base form of
a word to create a new word.

23. DERIVATION
Aero (air) – Aeroplane
Agri (related to farming) –
Agriculture
Anti (against or opposed to) –
Anti-Communist
Cardio (related to the heart) –
Cardiology
-Cycle (circle or cycle) –
bicycle, tricycle
-ess (feminine) – duchess
-ful (characterized by or
fullness) – beautiful
Prefixes Suffixes

24. BACK-FORMATION
 A word formation process in which an actual
or supposed derivational affix detaches from
the base form of a word to create a new word.

25. BACK-FORMATION
Example:
 Automate – Automation
 Babysit – Babysitter
 Blockbust – Blockbuster
 Brainwash – Brainwashing
 Commentate – Commentator
 Destruct – Destruction