Water

1º THE MOLECULE 2º PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 3º STATES OF WATER 4º THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT 5º SEPARATION TECHNIQUES WATER

1. MOLECULE OF WATER A molecule of water has one atom of Oxygen and two atoms of Hydrogen. O H H

H 2 O The chemical formula of water is 1. MOLECULE OF WATER

One molecule of water has got a very small mass of 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 03 g. That’s a very small number. Isn't it? 1. MOLECULE OF WATER 3 10 -23 g

When we drink a glass of water (240g), we are drinking 8,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 molecules of water. That's a very big number. Isn't it? 1. MOLECULE OF WATER

2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES The density of liquid water is 1 gram per cubic centimetre. d = 1 g cm 3 1 g 1 cm 1 cm 1 cm

2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES The density of liquid water is higher than the density of ice (frozen water). The ice floats above the water

2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES The fusion point of water is 0 ºC (zero degrees Celsius). Ice and liquid water can be together at 0 ºC.

2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES The boiling point of water is 100 ºC (one hundred degrees Celsius). Liquid water and water vapor can be together at 100 ºC.

3. STATES OF WATER Solid ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Why do you think a solid has got a fixed form? Why do you think it’s very difficult to compress a solid?

3. STATES OF WATER Liquid ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Why do you think a liquid hasn’t got a definite form? Why do you think it’s very difficult to compress a liquid?

3. STATES OF WATER Gaseous ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Why do you think a gas hasn’t got a definite form? Why do you think it’s very easy to compress a gas?

3. STATES OF WATER Vaporisation Fusion Solidification Sublimation Sublimation Condensation SOLID LIQUID GASEOSOUS 0 ºC 100 ºC TEMPERATURE Changes of states

4. THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT Water is the universal solvent. In nature we can find water in the seas, rivers, subterranean… and water always contains many other substances. Living beings, drinks, foods, and chemical products are formed by water.

4. THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT A solution is a homogeneous mixture. The most abundant part is called the solvent, and the less abundant part is called the solute. Salt Water Salted water + = Solute + Solvent = Solution

4. THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT The molecules of water capture the ions of the salt. Later, all the molecules of salt are mixed among the molecules of water. The crystal structure of salt is destroyed. Salt before being mixed + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + How a salt is dissolved in water Salt after being mixed

5. SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Filtration Beaker Funnel Filter ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

5. SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Decantation Oil Water Separating funnel tap stopper ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

5. SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Crystallization Crystallizer Aqueous solution Salt Evaporation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Distillation 5. SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Clamp stand Bunsen burner Ethyl alcohol and water Steam Clamp Thermometer Distillation flask Condenser Cooling water Condensed alcohol Cold water Receiving flask Distilled alcohol ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Water

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Water