24. injuries in trauma: head trauma Best motor response Spontaneous or obeys verbal command 6 Localises to pain or withdraws to touch 5 Withdraws from pain 4 Abnormal flexion to pain 3 Abnormal extension to pain 2 No response to pain 1 Best verbal response Alert, babbles, coos, words to usual ability 5 Less than usual words spontaneous irritable cry 4 Cries only to pain 3 Moans to pain 2 No response to pain 1 Eye opening Spontaneously 4 To verbal stimuli 3 To pain 2 No verbal response 1 < 4 Years of age
25. injuries in trauma: head trauma Best motor response Obeys verbal command 6 Localises to pain 5 Withdraws from pain 4 Abnormal flexion to pain 3 Abnormal extension to pain 2 No response to pain 1 Best verbal response Orientated and converses 5 Disorientated and converses 4 Inappropriate words 3 Incomprehensible sounds 2 No response to pain 1 Eye opening Spontaneously 4 To verbal stimuli 3 To pain 2 No verbal response 1 > 4 Years of age
Differences – large surface area in comparison to adults, - small airway - compliant skeleton - abdominal organs more susceptible to injury Teenages – risk taking, toddler – exploring and lack of judgement
Clearance – gentle suction Intubation – age/4 +4 - cuffed v uncuffed INFANT - Neutral, with chin lift CHILD – Sniffing, with chin lift Tidal volume 7 -10ml/kg
Positioning Head tilt (high C) prayer positioning (arms accross chest – c4or 6)
Brusising = severe injury No bruising = possibility of injury
Protection chemical - sebum - antibacterial; pH physical - keratin and lipid layer biological - phagocytes Temp - vasculature and sweat glands Cutaneous - receptors for temperature, touch, pressure and pain Metabolic - Vitamin D synthesized from cholesterol by epidermal cells Blood reservoir - extensive vascular supply Excretion - sweat contains small amounts of nitrogenous wastes
Ectoderm, 1 of 3 basic tissue types in uterus development – also nervous tissue. Lanugo – downy hair Vernix - Fatty substance made up of epithelial cells that covers fetal skin inside the uterus, white, greasy, cheese-like substance. Sebaceiys – Oil glands activated