1. FINITE ELEMENT METHOD USING ANSYS
JIVAN V.PAWAR, MECHANICAL ENGINEER
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY,PUNJAB

2. ABSTRACT
This Report presents the experience and skills gained during my 6 week of
industrial training undertaken at department of mechanical engineering(Lovely
professional university,Punjab). My Training was on the use of ANSYS software.
During the period, I acquired practical knowledge and skills in using engineering
software, majorly ANSYS.
This report discusses the Skills gained and Experience gathered during the period
of training

3. Chapter 1
1.About ANSYS
1.1Introduction to ansys software
1.2Workbench window
1.2Workbench window
Chapter 2
2.Static structural Analysis
2.1 Example of static structural analysis
2.1.1Analysis of Rim
2.1.2 geometry
2.1.3material
2.1.4 Connections
2.1.5 Meshing
2.1.6 Boundry conditions
2.1.7 Result and analysis
Chapter 3
3.Explicit Dynamics Analysis
3.1 Example Of Explicit Dynamic Analysis
3.1.1 Analysis of bullet
3.1.2 Geometry
3.1.3 Material

4. 3.1.4 Connections
3.1.5 Meshing
3.1.6 Boundry conditions
3.1.7 Result and analysis
Chapter 4
4. Fatigue analysis
4.1 Example of fatigue analysis
4.1.1 Fatigue analysis of connecting rod
4.1.2 Geometry
4.1.3 Material
4.1.4 Meshing
4.1.5 Boundry conditions
4.1.6 Result and analysis
Chapter 5
5. Modal analysis
5.1 Example of MODAL analysis
5.1.1 Modal analysis of airplane
5.1.3 Material
5.1.4 Meshing
5.1.5 Boundry Condition

5. 5.1.6 Result and Analysis
Chapter 6
6. Stedy State Thermal Analysis
6.1 Example of stedy state thermal analysis
6.1.1 Stedy state thermal analysis of cylindrical fins
6.1.2 Geometry
6.1.3 Material
6.1.4 Meshing
6.1.5 Boundry Conditions
6.1.6 Result and Analysis
Chapter 7
7. Transient Thermal
7.1 Example of Transient Thermal Analysis
7.1.1 Transient Thermal Analysis of Piston Head
7.1.2 Geometry
7.1.3 Material
7.1.4 Meshing
7.1.5 Boundry conditions
7.1.6 Result and Analysis

6. Chapter 8
8. Fluent Flow
8.1 Example of Fluent flow Analysis
8.1.1 Fluent Flow Analysis
8.1.2 Geometry
8.1.3 Boundry condition
8.1.4 Result and Analysis

7. Chapter1
1.About ANSYS
ANSYS is a commercial finite element code used to solve a wide variety of
engineering problems in the real world. It can model many different phenomena,
including heat transfer, structural response, modal analysis, transient dynamic
response and fluid flow problems. ANSYS is a general purpose software, used to
simulate interactions of all disciplines of physics,structural, vibration, fluid
dynamics and heat transfer for engineers.So ANSYS, which enables to simulate
tests or working conditions, enables to test in virtual environmentbefore
manufacturing of products.
1.1Introduction to ansys software
ANSYS is a product of ANSYS, Inc. The software creates simulated computer
models of structures, electronics, or machine components to simulate strength,
toughness, elasticity, temperature distribution, electromagnetism, fluid flow, and
other attributes. Ansys is used to determine how a product will function with
different specifications, without building test products or conducting crash tests.
Most Ansys simulations are performed using the Ansys Workbench software,
which is one of the company's main products. Typically Ansys users break down
larger structures into small components that are each modeled and tested
individually. A user may start by defining the dimensions of an object, and then
adding weight, pressure, temperature and other physical properties.

8. 1.2Workbench window
In workbench window there are collection of functions like;static structural,fluid
flow(fluent),modal ,stedy state thermal,explicit dynamics,Rigid dynamics,thermal
elastic,topology optimization,…..etc.

9. Chapter2
2.Static structural Analysis
A static structural analysis determines the displacement,stresses,strains,forces
and many more in stractures or components causes by loads,moment or any valid
condition.That do not induce inertia and dumping effects.
2.1 Example of static structural analysis
2.1.1Analysis of Rim:
Rim is a central part of wheel over which a rubber tyre is mounted. In
wheel assembly tyre mounted on the rim in between the left and right board
flanges over the bead seat area. Wheel convert axle torque into the rotational
motion that rotating tyre comes in contact with road surface and rotational
motion gets converted into the linear motion of a vehicle, that means wheel
assembly is very important part of any automobile without it vehicle cannot
displaces from one position to another.

10. 2.1.2 geometry
2.1.3material
For analysis of rim we use Magnesium, AZ31B, wrought with density of
1.7775e-06kg/mm^3

11. 2.1.4 Connections
We have used connection type is body-ground of revolute nature.behavior –rigid.
2.1.5 Meshing
For analysis wer have used meshing size 50mm for better result.
Number of elements-17962
Number of nodes -33232
Transition ratio -0.272
Growth rate -1.2

12. 2.1.6 Boundry conditions

13. 2.1.7 Result and analysis

14. Chapter 3
3.Explicit Dynamics Analysis
ANSYS explicit dynamics analysis software solutions are capable of solving short-
duration, large-strain, large-deformation, fracture, complete material failure, and
structural problems with complex contact interactions.
Explicit time integration is more accurate and efficient for simulations involving –
Shock wave propagation – Large deformations and strains – Non-linear material
behaviour – Complex contact – Fragmentation – Non-linear buckling. Typical
applications are drop tests and impact and penetration. ANSYS Explicit Dynamics
analysis software provides simulation technology to help simulate structural
performance long before manufacture.

15. 3.1 Example Of Explicit Dynamic Analysis
3.1.1 Analysis of bullet
For analysis of explicit dynamic analysis we have taken a bullet and wall which
having specific dimensions
3.1.2 Geometry
Bullet cross section area= 17.89mm^2
Wall cross section area = 2500 mm^2

16. 3.1.3 Material
We have take wall as aluminium alloy which having density 2.77e-06 kg/mm³
And bullet as a surface body which having material as a structural steel having
density 7.85e-06 kg/mm³.

17. 3.1.4 Connections
We have used contact type as body interaction.
Type is frictionless
3.1.5 Meshing
In meshing we have taken meshing size as default to get meshing properly on
each part because in case of bullet and wall there are different body size.
On bullet we have applied body sizing to get more refined mesh as 10mm.
Number of elements-1157
Number of nodes -1471
Transition ratio -0.272
Growth rate -1.2

18. 3.1.6 Boundry conditions
We have applied fix support at top surface of wall.we have applied velocity
on the bullet toward the wall is 1.5e+006mm/s. Pressure initialization from
deformed state.

19. 3.1.7 Result and analysis

21. Chapter 4
4. Fatigue analysis
While many parts may work well initially, they often fail in service due to fatigue
failure caused by repeated cyclic loading. Characterizing the capability of a
material to survive the many cycles a component may experience during its
lifetime is the aim of fatigue analysis. In a general sense, Fatigue Analysis has
three main methods, Strain Life, Stress Life, and Fracture Mechanics; the first two
being available within the ANSYS Fatigue Module.
4.1 Example of fatigue analysis
4.1.1 Fatigue analysis of connecting rod
A connecting rod is the part of a piston engine which connects the piston to the
crankshaft. Together with the crank, the connecting rod converts the
reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotation of the crankshaft.[1] The
connecting rod is required to transmit the compressive and tensile forces from
the piston. In its most common form, in an internal combustion engine, it allows
pivoting on the piston end and rotation on the shaft end.
4.1.2 Geometry

22. 4.1.3 Material
We are going to use Aluminum alloy which having density 2.77e-6 kd-mm3
4.1.4 Meshing

23. Number of elements- 1287
Number of nodes - 2782
Transition ratio - 0.272
Growth rate - 1.2
4.1.5 Boundry conditions

24. 4.1.6 Result and analysis

26. Chapter 5
5. Modal analysis
The modal analysis calculates natural frequencies and mode shapes of the
designed model. It’s the only analysis that doesn’t require any input excitation or
loads, which also makes sense, as mentioned before natural frequencies are
independent of the excitation loads. Natural frequency depends only on two
things mass and stiffness.

27. 5.1 Example of MODAL analysis
5.1.1 Modal analysis of airplane
An airplane or aeroplane is a fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by
thrust from a jet engine, propeller, or rocket engine. Airplanes come in a variety
of sizes, shapes, and wing configurations. The broad spectrum of uses for
airplanes includes recreation, transportation of goods and people, military, and
research.
5.1.2 Geometry
5.1.3 Material

28. 5.1.4 Meshing
Number of elements- 3586
Number of nodes - 7223
Transition ratio - 0.272
Growth rate - 1.2
5.1.5 Boundry Condition
For modal analysis we are going to apply frictionless support for better result

29. 5.1.6 Result and Analysis

31. Chapter 6
6. Stedy State Thermal Analysis
In steady-state analyses, boundry conditions and loads such as temperature,
convection, heat flow, radiation, heat flux etc. in thermal analyses, must not
change with the changing time. If the abrupt changes in engineering analyses, the
calculation much more hard.
The most important material property that is needed to be defined in steady-
state thermal analyses in ANSYS, is the Thermal Conductivity. You need to specify
the initial temperature for the ANSYS solver. This information is required because
of, if the material properties are dependent upon the changing temperature.
6.1 Example of stedy state thermal analysis
6.1.1 Stedy state thermal analysis of cylindrical fins
Fins enhance heat transfer from a surface by exposing a larger surface area
to convection and radiation. Finned surfaces are commonly used in practice to
enhance heat transfer, and they often increase the rate of heat transfer from a
surface several-fold.

32. 6.1.2 Geometry
6.1.3 Material
We are going to use copper for this analysis which having isotropic thermal
conductivity is 0.4W/mm. °C.

33. 6.1.4 Meshing
Number of elements- 4031
Number of nodes - 9121
Transition ratio - 0.272
Growth rate - 1.2
6.1.5 Boundry Conditions
We are appling the temperature on the flat surface which is 90 °C
convection on the cylindrical fins which is 25 °C.
Film coeff. Is 3.e-005W/mm^2. °C.

35. 6.1.6 Result and Analysis

36. Chapter 7
7. Transient Thermal
Transient thermal analyses determine temperatures and other
thermal quantities that vary over time. Many heat transfer
applications involve transient thermal analyses such as:
• Heat treatment problems
• Electronic package design
• Nozzles
• Engine blocks
• Pressure vessels

37. 6.1 Example of Transient Thermal Analysis
6.1.1 Transient Thermal Analysis of Piston Head
Piston Head Functions Act as a heat barrier between the combustion
chamber and the lower piston parts. Contain the pressures resulting from knock
in the cylinder.
6.1.2 Geometry

38. 6.1.3 Material
For this analysis we are going to use aluminum alloy which having coefficient
of thermal Expansion is 2.3e-05 /°C .
6.1.4 Meshing
Number of elements- 28832
Number of nodes - 49953
Transition ratio - 0.272
Growth rate - 1.2

39. 6.1.5 Boundry conditions
We are appling the temperature on top side of the piston head which is 400°C
Convection on the outer surface of the piston head which is 70°C
Film coefficient is 5.e-006W/mm^2. °C.

40. 6.1.6 Result and Analysis

41. Chapter 8
8. Fluent Flow
ANSYS Fluent is part of the ANSYS suite of engineering analysis software,
whichincludes Mechanical APDL, BladeGen, and many other software packages
capable of thermalanalysis, electromagnetic analysis, and more. Fluent is also
widely recognized as one of theindustry standard CFD software packages.
Although Solidworks is capable of performingrudimentary CFD analysis, it is only a
rudimentary approach as Solidworks is fundamentallyCAD software and is not
built with simulation in mind, as ANSYS is. The versatility andcapability of ANSYS
Fluent makes it an easy first choice for fluid dynamics analysis.

42. 8.1 Example of Fluent flow Analysis
8.1.1 Fluent Flow Analysis
Natural convection flow of liquid is process of heat transfer mostly
occurs due to density difference caused by temperature gradient.The
process of natural convection through vertical tube has many
applications like nuclear reactor, water tube boiler, solar water heating
systems, HVAC applications, etc. This present work mostly useful for
the design the water tube boilers and solar water heating systems. In
these applications vertical copper tubes are used for the generation the
steam where the flow of water takes place only due to natural
convection flow.

43. 8.1.2 Geometry
8.1.3 Boundry condition
Blue colour arrow indicating the inlets and Red colour arrow
indicating the outlets.

44. Inlet arrow which having downward direction it showing the direction
of fluid having temperature of 283K and blue horizontal arrow showing
the convection temperature which is 373K and having velocity 10m/s.

45. 8.1.4 Result and Analysis