3. DISABILITY
Measurable impairment or limitation that interferes
with a person’s ability. It may refer to a physical,
sensory, or mental condition. (Schiefelbusch)
6. SPECIFIC COGNITIVE OR ACADEMIC
DIFFICULTIES
Learning disabilities
involves difficulties in specific cognitive processes. Like dyslexia
(reading), dyscalculia (number operations), and dysgraphia
(writing).
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
1. Difficulty in focusing and maintaining attention.
2. Recurrent hyperactive and impulsive behavior..
Speech and communication disorder
difficulties in spoken language like voice disorders, inability to
produce the sounds correctly, stuttering.
.
7. SOCIAL/EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL
DIFFICULTIES
Autism
– It is a condition manifested by different levels of impaired social
interaction and communication, repetitive behaviors and limited
interests.
Mental Retardation
– It refers to significant sub-average intelligence and deficits in
adaptive behavior.
Emotional/Conduct Disorder
- This involves the presence of emotional states..
8. PHYSICAL DISABILITIES
AND HEALTH IMPAIRMENTS
Physical and Health Impairments
-This involves physical or medical conditions including one
or more of these:
1.Limited energy and strength
2.Reduced mental alertness
3.Little muscle control .
9. PHYSICAL DISABILITIES
AND HEALTH IMPAIRMENTS
Severe and Multiple Disabilities
-This refers to the presence of two or more different types
of disability, at times at a profound level.
Sensory Impairments
-Visual Impairments
These involves malfunction of the eyes.
- Hearing Impairments
These involves malfunction of the ear.
.
11. PEOPLE-FIRST LANGUAGE
.
Putting the person first, not the disability.
Ex:
Person with disability not disabled person.
“Person with AIDS”, rather than “AIDS
Victim”
12. PEOPLE-FIRST LANGUAGE
.
Avoiding generic labels
people with mental retardation is preferable to mentally retarded.
Emphasizing abilities, not limitations
uses a wheelchair is preferable to confined to a wheelchair.
Avoiding euphemism
physically-challenged
Avoiding implying illness or suffering
Had folio is preferable to is a polio victim and Multiple sclerosis is
preferable to suffers from multiple sclerosis.