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Chapter 17 Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria Chemistry, The Central Science , 11th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO
The Common-Ion Effect ,[object Object],[object Object],CH 3 COOH ( aq )  + H 2 O ( l ) H 3 O + ( aq )   + CH 3 COO − ( aq)
The Common-Ion Effect ,[object Object]
The Common-Ion Effect ,[object Object],[object Object],[H 3 O + ] [F − ] [HF] K a  = = 6.8    10 -4
The Common-Ion Effect Because HCl, a strong acid, is also present, the initial [H 3 O + ] is not 0, but rather 0.10  M . x 0.10 +  x     0.10 0.20  −  x     0.20 At Equilibrium + x + x − x Change 0 0.10 0.20 Initially [F − ],  M [H 3 O + ],  M [HF],  M HF ( aq )  + H 2 O ( l ) H 3 O + ( aq )  + F − ( aq )
The Common-Ion Effect ,[object Object],[object Object],(0.10) ( x ) (0.20) 6.8    10 − 4  = (0.20) (6.8    10 − 4 ) (0.10)
The Common-Ion Effect ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Buffers ,[object Object],[object Object]
Buffers ,[object Object]
Buffers ,[object Object]
Buffer Calculations ,[object Object],[H 3 O + ] [A − ] [HA] K a  = HA + H 2 O H 3 O +  + A −
Buffer Calculations ,[object Object],Taking the negative log of both side, we get [A − ] [HA] K a  = [H 3 O + ] [A − ] [HA] − log  K a  = − log [H 3 O + ] +  − log p K a pH acid base
Buffer Calculations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p K a  = pH  −  log [base] [acid] pH = p K a  + log [base] [acid]
Henderson – Hasselbalch Equation ,[object Object]
Henderson – Hasselbalch Equation pH pH  = 3.77 pH  = 3.85 + ( − 0.08) pH pH = p K a  + log [base] [acid] pH  =  − log (1.4    10 − 4 ) + log (0.10) (0.12)
pH Range ,[object Object],[object Object]
When Strong Acids or Bases Are Added to a Buffer… ,[object Object]
Addition of Strong Acid or Base to a Buffer ,[object Object],[object Object]
Calculating pH Changes in Buffers ,[object Object]
Calculating pH Changes in Buffers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Calculating pH Changes in Buffers The 0.020 mol NaOH will react with 0.020 mol of the acetic acid: HC 2 H 3 O 2 ( aq )  + OH − ( aq )     C 2 H 3 O 2 − ( aq )  + H 2 O ( l ) 0.000 mol 0.320 mol 0.280 mol After reaction 0.020 mol 0.300 mol 0.300 mol Before reaction OH − C 2 H 3 O 2 − HC 2 H 3 O 2
Calculating pH Changes in Buffers Now use the Henderson – Hasselbalch equation to calculate the new pH: pH  = 4.74 + 0.06 pH pH  = 4.80 pH = 4.74 + log (0.320) (0.200)
Titration ,[object Object]
Titration ,[object Object]
Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base ,[object Object]
Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base ,[object Object]
Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base ,[object Object]
Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base ,[object Object]
Titration of a Weak Acid with a Strong Base ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Titration of a Weak Acid with a Strong Base ,[object Object]
Titration of a Weak Acid with a Strong Base ,[object Object]
Titration of a Weak Base with a Strong Acid ,[object Object],[object Object]
Titrations of Polyprotic Acids ,[object Object]
Solubility Products ,[object Object],BaSO 4 ( s ) Ba 2+ ( aq )   + SO 4 2 − ( aq )
Solubility Products ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solubility Products ,[object Object],[object Object]
Factors Affecting Solubility ,[object Object],[object Object],BaSO 4 ( s ) Ba 2+ ( aq )   + SO 4 2 − ( aq )
Factors Affecting Solubility ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Factors Affecting Solubility ,[object Object],[object Object]
Factors Affecting Solubility ,[object Object],[object Object]
Factors Affecting Solubility ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Will a Precipitate Form? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Selective Precipitation of Ions ,[object Object]

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AP Chemistry Chapter 17 Outline

  • 1. Chapter 17 Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria Chemistry, The Central Science , 11th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO
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  • 5. The Common-Ion Effect Because HCl, a strong acid, is also present, the initial [H 3 O + ] is not 0, but rather 0.10 M . x 0.10 + x  0.10 0.20 − x  0.20 At Equilibrium + x + x − x Change 0 0.10 0.20 Initially [F − ], M [H 3 O + ], M [HF], M HF ( aq ) + H 2 O ( l ) H 3 O + ( aq ) + F − ( aq )
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  • 15. Henderson – Hasselbalch Equation pH pH = 3.77 pH = 3.85 + ( − 0.08) pH pH = p K a + log [base] [acid] pH = − log (1.4  10 − 4 ) + log (0.10) (0.12)
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  • 21. Calculating pH Changes in Buffers The 0.020 mol NaOH will react with 0.020 mol of the acetic acid: HC 2 H 3 O 2 ( aq ) + OH − ( aq )  C 2 H 3 O 2 − ( aq ) + H 2 O ( l ) 0.000 mol 0.320 mol 0.280 mol After reaction 0.020 mol 0.300 mol 0.300 mol Before reaction OH − C 2 H 3 O 2 − HC 2 H 3 O 2
  • 22. Calculating pH Changes in Buffers Now use the Henderson – Hasselbalch equation to calculate the new pH: pH = 4.74 + 0.06 pH pH = 4.80 pH = 4.74 + log (0.320) (0.200)
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