2. NONWESTERN LEARNING
In
non-‐western
culture,
collec/ve
and
indigenous
learning
are
dominant
while
ra/onalism
and
individual
learning
are
dominant
in
the
Western
learning
paradigm.
!
Four
Common
Themes
Across
Nonwestern
learning
• Interdependent
• Communal
• Holis/c
• Informal
Merriam
&
Cafarella
(2011)
Adult
Learning
3. SELF-REFLECTION IS THE CORE
PRACTICE IN NON-WESTERN LEARNING
Confucianism Buddhism Sundoism
Hinduism:
Yoga Sufism
4. SELF-REFLECTION IN MODERN
LEARNING THEORY
"Reflec/on
is
an
important
human
ac/vity
in
which
people
recapture
their
experience,
think
about
it,
mull
it
over
and
evaluate
it.
It
is
this
working
with
experience
that
is
important
in
learning.”~
Boud
(1985)