Beacons, Raspberry Pi & Node.js

Beacons
RaspberryPi
Nodejs
Uniting technologies to
Giving a URL to All Objects
Jeff Prestes

About me…
@jeffprestes
github.com/jeffprestes
slideshare.net/jeffprestes
Developer & Entrepreneur
Java, PHP, JavaScript,
Mobile Developer
Football (Soccer?) fan,
father and IoT Researcher

To be more fun…
first install
Physical Web clients
@jeffprestes#physicalweb
iOS – Physical Web
https://itunes.apple.com/ca/app/physical-web/id927653608?mt=8
Android – Physical Web
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=physical_web.org.physicalweb

Installing
Nodejs
on a Raspberry Pi

$ curl -sLS https://apt.adafruit.com/add | sudo bash
$ sudo apt-get install node
$ sudo apt-get autoremove
Source: https://learn.adafruit.com/node-embedded-development/installing-node-dot-js

Advertising
a URL
https://github.com/jeffprestes/node-eddystone-url

$ sudo apt-get install bluetooth bluez libbluetooth-dev libudev-dev
$ git clone https://github.com/jeffprestes/node-eddystone-url
$ cd node-eddystone-url
$ npm install eddystone-beacon –-save

var Beacon = require('./node_modules/eddystone-beacon/lib/beacon');
beacon = new Beacon();
var options = {
txPowerLevel: -22, //override TX Power Level, default value is -21,
tlmCount: 2, // 2 TLM frames
tlmPeriod: 10 // every 10 advertisements
};
var myPayPalMe = 'http://bit.ly/1Q3Iani';
var myLinkedIn = 'http://bit.ly/1SLiO3n';
var myGitHub = 'http://bit.ly/1Ld89Mg';
beacon.advertiseUrl(myGitHub, [options]);

$ sudo node index.js

Eddystone
Protocol

eddystone-tlm
eddystone-uid
eddystone-url

https://github.com/google/eddystone/tree/master/eddystone-url

@jeffprestes
Physical Web
Expand the internet
#physicalweb
http://physical-web.org

I’d love to hear
your questions.
Thanks.
Jeff Prestes
@jeffprestes
Slideshare.com/jeffprestes
Github.com/jeffprestes

@jeffprestes
Appendix
Create your own client
#physicalweb
How to detect a Beacon using Eddystone format
and how to parse his data
Code for Android

MainActivity.java
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
BluetoothManager btManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
BluetoothAdapter btAdapter = btManager != null ? btManager.getAdapter() : null;
if (btAdapter == null) {
finish();
return;
}
if (checkIfUserHasOptedIn()) {
ensureBluetoothIsEnabled(btAdapter);
showNearbyBeaconsFragment();
} else {
// Show the oob activity
// Webview to: https://google.github.io/physical-web/mobile/android/getting-started.html
Intent intent = new Intent(this, OobActivity.class);
startActivity(intent);
}
}

NearbyBeaconsFragment.java
public void onResume() {
super.onResume();
getActivity().getActionBar().setTitle(R.string.title_nearby_beacons);
getActivity().getActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(false);
getListView().setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
mDiscoveryServiceConnection.connect(true);
}
public synchronized void connect(boolean requestCachedPwos) {
if (mDiscoveryService != null) {
return;
}
mRequestCachedPwos = requestCachedPwos;
Intent intent = new Intent(getActivity(), PwoDiscoveryService.class);
getActivity().startService(intent);
getActivity().bindService(intent, this, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}

PwoDiscoveryService.java
/**
* This is a service that scans for nearby Physical Web Objects.
* It is created by MainActivity.
* It finds nearby ble beacons, and stores a count of them.
* It also listens for screen on/off events
* and start/stops the scanning accordingly.
* It also silently issues a notification informing the user of nearby beacons.
* As beacons are found and lost, the notification is updated to reflect
* the current number of nearby beacons.
*/
public class PwoDiscoveryService extends Service
private void initialize() {
mNotificationManager = NotificationManagerCompat.from(this);
mPwoDiscoverers = new ArrayList<>();
mPwoDiscoverers.add(new BlePwoDiscoverer(this));
for (PwoDiscoverer pwoDiscoverer : mPwoDiscoverers) {
pwoDiscoverer.setCallback(this);
}
...
}

BlePwoDiscoverer.java
public class BlePwoDiscoverer extends PwoDiscoverer
implements BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback {
mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(this);

mScanFilterUuids = new ParcelUuid[]{URIBEACON_SERVICE_UUID, EDDYSTONE_URL_SERVICE_UUID};
@Override
public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, final int rssi, final byte[] scanBytes) {
if (!leScanMatches(ScanRecord.parseFromBytes(scanBytes))) {
return;
}
UriBeacon uriBeacon = UriBeacon.parseFromBytes(scanBytes);
if (uriBeacon == null) {
return;
}
String url = uriBeacon.getUriString();
if (!URLUtil.isNetworkUrl(url)) {
return;
}
PwoMetadata pwoMetadata = createPwoMetadata(url);
pwoMetadata.setBleMetadata(device.getAddress(), rssi, uriBeacon.getTxPowerLevel());
pwoMetadata.bleMetadata.updateRegionInfo();
reportPwo(pwoMetadata);
}
BlePwoDiscoverer.java

/**
* Parse scan record bytes to Eddystone
* The format is defined in Eddystone specification.
*
* @param scanRecordBytes The scan record of Bluetooth LE advertisement and/or scan response.
*/
public static UriBeacon parseFromBytes(byte[] scanRecordBytes) {
byte[] serviceData = parseServiceDataFromBytes(scanRecordBytes);
...
if (serviceData != null && serviceData.length >= 2) {
int currentPos = 0;
byte txPowerLevel = serviceData[currentPos++];
byte flags = (byte) (serviceData[currentPos] >> 4);
serviceData[currentPos] = (byte) (serviceData[currentPos] & 0xFF);
String uri = decodeUri(serviceData, currentPos);
return new UriBeacon(flags, txPowerLevel, uri);
}
return null;
}
UriBeacon.java

private static String decodeUri(byte[] serviceData, int offset) {
if (serviceData.length == offset) {
return NO_URI;
}
StringBuilder uriBuilder = new StringBuilder();
if (offset < serviceData.length) {
byte b = serviceData[offset++];
String scheme = URI_SCHEMES.get(b);
if (scheme != null) {
uriBuilder.append(scheme);
if (URLUtil.isNetworkUrl(scheme)) {
return decodeUrl(serviceData, offset, uriBuilder);
} else if ("urn:uuid:".equals(scheme)) {
return decodeUrnUuid(serviceData, offset, uriBuilder);
}
}
Log.w(TAG, "decodeUri unknown Uri scheme code=" + b);
}
return null;
}
UriBeacon.java

/**
* URI Scheme maps a byte code into the scheme and an optional scheme specific prefix.
*/
private static final SparseArray<String> URI_SCHEMES = new SparseArray<String>() {{
put((byte) 0, "http://www."); put((byte) 1, "https://www.");
put((byte) 2, "http://"); put((byte) 3, "https://");
put((byte) 4, "urn:uuid:"); // RFC 2141 and RFC 4122};
}};
/**
* Expansion strings for "http" and "https" schemes. These contain strings appearing anywhere in a
* URL. Restricted to Generic TLDs. <p/> Note: this is a scheme specific encoding.
*/
private static final SparseArray<String> URL_CODES = new SparseArray<String>() {{
put((byte) 0, ".com/"); put((byte) 1, ".org/");
put((byte) 2, ".edu/"); put((byte) 3, ".net/");
put((byte) 4, ".info/"); put((byte) 5, ".biz/");
put((byte) 6, ".gov/"); put((byte) 7, ".com");
put((byte) 8, ".org"); put((byte) 9, ".edu");
put((byte) 10, ".net"); put((byte) 11, ".info");
put((byte) 12, ".biz"); put((byte) 13, ".gov");
}};
UriBeacon.java

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