2. English Revolutions
• 1640-1660 Civil War and Commonwealth
• 1688 "Glorious Revolution" establishing
constitutional monarchy with popular
sovereignty
– English Bill of Rights (1689)
3. American Revolution:
Layers of Interpretation
Economic (taxes and property owners)
failed revolution (Marxist)
British Civil War v. International Incident
inevitability (Enlightenment, overstretch)
moment of destiny/"unique" moment
(exceptionalism/originalism, military)
• Creolism
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– Declaration of Independence (1776)
– Articles of Confederation and US Constitution (1789)
4. French Revolution: Stages
• Uprising and Moderate Reform
– Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen (1789)
• Commune and Radicalization
• Foreign Pressure
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Terror: Maxmilien Robespierre
Over-reach: Cult of Reason, etc.
Thermidorian Reaction
Constitution of the Year III
Napoleon
– Code Napoléon