The document summarizes the events leading up to and outcomes of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II in the Pacific theater. It describes the estimated high costs of invading mainland Japan, the top secret Manhattan Project to develop nuclear weapons, and President Truman's difficult decision to drop atomic bombs on Japanese cities in light of Japan's refusal to surrender after the Allies demanded unconditional terms. On August 6, 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb called "Little Boy" on Hiroshima, killing 75,000 people instantly. Japan still did not surrender, so the U.S. dropped a second bomb called "Fat Man" on Nagasaki on August 9

1. Hiroshima & Nagasaki The End of the War in the Pacific Theater

2. Bell Ringer Describe the outcomes of the Battle of Okinawa. Discuss with Partner 1 minute

3. After Okinawa Estimated cost of lives to fight on mainland Japan: 1 million Americans 2 million Japanese (soldiers & civilians) War in Europe was over by early May 1945 US needed to end war in Japan with minimum loss of lives…

4. The Manhattan Project code name for the US government's secret projectthat was established before World War II and culminated in the development of the nuclear bomb Directed by American physicist Robert Oppenheimer Albert Einstein was also part of the Manhattan Project

5. An Era Ends… FDR followed MP’s progress closely April 12, 1945 - FDR suffered cerebral hemorrhage and died VP Harry Truman - now president with very limited knowledge of the MP

6. Potsdam Conference July 17 - August 2, 1945: US, UK, USSR Allies demanded unconditional surrender of Japan or meet annihilation Japan: Lost Iwo Jima Lost Okinawa Navy was demolished Was clearly losing the war…only a matter of time

7. Tough Decision Japan rejected ultimatum to surrender President Truman had to consider the alternatives for ending the war: invade the Japanese mainland hold a demonstration of the destructive power of the atomic bomb for Japanese dignitaries drop an atomic bomb on selected industrial Japanese cities bomb and blockade the islands wait for Soviet entry into the war on August 15 mediate a compromised peace

9. On August 6, 1945, 8.15 am, the uranium atom bomb “Little Boy” exploded 580 meters above the city of Hiroshima with a blinding flash, creating a giant fireball and sending surface temperatures to 7,232º F*. *The surface of the sun is about 9,000º

11. Little Boy

13. Fierce heat rays and radiation burst out in every direction, unleashing a high pressure shockwave, vaporizing tens of thousands of people and animals, melting buildings and streetcars, reducing a 400-year-old city to dust.

17. Beneath the center of the explosion, temperatures were hot enough to melt concrete and steel.

20. Within seconds, 75,000 people had been killed or fatally injured with 65% of the casualties nine years of age and younger.

22. Within a certain distance from the site of explosion, the heat was so intense that practically everything was vaporized. The shadows of the parapets were imprinted on the road surface of the Yorozuyo Bridge, ½ mile from the hypocenter.

24. In Hiroshima, all that was left of some humans near the center of the explosion, was their outlines.

28. Housewives and children were incinerated instantly or paralyzed in their daily routines, their internal organs boiled and their bones charred into brittle charcoal.

37. Radiation deaths were still occurring in large numbers in the following days.

41. “For no apparent reason their health began to fail. They lost appetite. Their hair fell out. Bluish spots appeared on their bodies. And then bleeding began from the ears, nose and mouth.”

49. After Hiroshima Japan still refused to surrender August 9, 1945: Fat Man was dropped on Nagasaki

50. V-J Day August 12, 1945: Victory over Japan Day as Japan unconditionally surrenders WWII is over

51. What Do You Think? You will have 3 minutes to write an argument for or against the dropping of the Atomic bombs on Hiroshima & Nagasaki… Think carefully and be sure to support your argument with facts. You will need this for our activity.

52. Activity: Impromptu Debate