1. SARVAJANIK EDUCATION SOCIETY
SARVAJANIK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
SURAT
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
MASTER OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
(TOWN & COUNTRY PLANNING)
Charles correa and his contribution,
Radburn
GUJARAT TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
SUBJECT (##CODE##)
Submitted by:
(of IVIVI SEMESTER – IVIV YEAR)
XXXX
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Faculty In-charge
Himanshu J. Padhya
Head, CED

2. Contents:
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Charles Correa and his contribution
Introduction to Charles Correa
Case study of Navi Mumbai
Navi mumbai – need for a new city
Navi Mumbai – Creation
Navi Mumbai – Design Principal
Navi Mumbai – Land Use pattern
Features of Navi Mumbai
Transportation
Conclusion
Radburn
Introduction
Objectives of Radburn
EMERGENCE OF RADBURN PLANNING
Innovations of Radburn
Planning of Radburn
Layout of housing units
Failure of Radburn planning

3. Introduction to Charles Correa
• Charles Correa (born September
1,
1930)
is
a
noted Indian architect, urban
planner and activist.
• He is noted for his sensitivity to
the needs of the urban poor and
for his use of traditional methods
and materials.
• Over
the
last
four
decades, Correa has done
pioneering work on urban issues
and low-cost shelter in the Third
World. From 1970-75, he was
Chief Architect for 'New Bombay’.

4. Education:
• 1946-1948 inter-science. St. Xavier's college, university
of Bombay
• 1949-1955 B.Arch., University of Michigan.
• 1953-1955 M.Arch., Massachusetts institute of technology
Professional Experience
1955-1958 partner with G.M. BHUTA associate to date in private
practice.
1964-1965 prepared master plan proposing twin city across the
harbor from Bombay.
1969-1971 invited by the govt. of Peru
1971-1975 chief architect to CIDCO
1975-1976 consultant to UN secretary-general for HABITAT
1975-1983 Chairman Housing Urban Renewal & Ecology Board
1985
chairman dharavavi planning commission

5. Projects of Charles Correa:
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The first important order of Correa is the memorial place for Mahatma Gandhi in
Sangrahalaya with Ahmadabad (1958-63), an accumulation of buildings, grouped
loosely around a central water yard, which integrate Gandhi’s house
Meeting buildings (1951-58) in Chandigarh .
Administration building (1958-60) and the philosophical faculty (1959-60)
The Vallabh Vidyanagar university in Anand.
Twin houses in Bhavnagar (1959)
The Hindustan Lever Pavillion (1961) on the exhibition sites of Delhi reveals all
constructional possibilities of the concrete building method
Tube house in Ahmadabad (1962)
Cablenger township in Kota(1967)
Patwardhan houses in Pune (1967)
Kanchanjunga apartments in Bombay(1970)
Navi Mumbai(1971)
Suatter housing in Bombay (1973)
Malbar cement in Kerala (1973)
Tapa house in Delhi (19775)
JNIDB in Hyderabad(1986)
CCMB in Hyderabad (1986)
JNC at IISC in Bangalore(1990)

6. AWARDS
1961 Prize for low-income housing early
1972 Correa was awarded the PadmaShri by the President of India
1980 Correa was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the University of
Michigan
1984 He was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Institute of British
Architects
1985 Prize for the Improvement in the Quality of Human Settlements
from the
International Union of Architects.
1986 Chicago Architecture Award.
1987 the Gold Medal of the Indian Institute of Architects
1990 the Gold Medal of the UIA (International Union of Architects)
1994 the Premium Imperial from Japan society of art.
1999 Aga khan award for vidhan sabha, bhopal

7. Case study of Navi Mumbai:

8. Navi mumbai – need for a new city
• To reduce the growth of population in mumbai city by
creating attractive urban centre which will absorb the
immigrants who will otherwise go to mumbai
• Attract some of the mumbai’s present population so
that overall population of greater mumbai can be
contained in manageable limit.
• Unhealthy and insanitary conditions for 1 million slum
dwellers was the result of inadequate housing stock.
• To provide physical & social services, raising the living
standard & reducing the disparities in the amenities
available to the population

9. Navi Mumbai - Creation
• The prominent author of “Twin City Concept” are
Charles Correa(Chief Architect), Shirish Patel and
Pravina Mehta who presented the government a
proposal for constructing new growth centre
across mumbai harbour on the mainland
• The implementation occurred through political &
bureaucratic channel in 1969.
• The site was finally choosen across the harbour
from mumbai island.
• City and Industrial Development Corporation
(CIDCO) was formed on 17 March 1971 to plan &
develpo navi mumbai.

10. Navi Mumbai – Design Principal
• The conceptual design of Navi mumbai was developed
at a height of a modernism
• The principal:
 decentralization by the design of self sufficient
townships
 Residential neighbourhood
 Single use zoning as opposed to traditional multiple
zoning
Each node was planned to accommodate range of some
income group
Ponds were created to accumulate excess runoff

11. Navi Mumbai – Land Use pattern
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Total area of 344 km² and 163 km² is under the Navi Mumbai Municipal
Corporation.
• CIDCO provided services for both private & government ownership
• Houses has been constructed For EWS,LIG,MIG,HIG

12. Migration to Navi Mumbai
Migration to Navi Mumbai
Island city (%)
54.6
Western Suburbs (%)
15.9
Eastern Suburbs (%)
5.9
Other districts of Maharashtra (%)
7.1
Outside Maharashtra (%)
•
Migration to Navi Mumbai
0.7
The above table presents that 30% of households shifted from Island city, 5% from
western suburbs around 6% each from Eastern suburbs, 2% from other Metro
Region.

13. Features of Navi Mumbai:
 14
well-planned
nodes,
strung
along
mass
transport
corridors,
effectively
serving
civic
needs
(Airoli,
Ghansoli,
Kopar
Khairane,
Vashi,
Sanpada,
Nerul,
CBD
Belapur,
Kharghar,
Kamothe,
Kalamboli,
New
Panvel,
Ulwe,
Dronagiri
and Pushpak.
 45%
land
reserved
for
green
zones
and
open-to-sky
activities.
 World-class
infrastructure
with
excellent
healthcare
facilities
in every node.
 Quality housing for every stratum of society.
 World-class education institutes in every node.
 Reasonably priced commercial and residential real estate.
 Direct access to any part of the country through road and rail.
 Quick access to Central Business District located in the head of the city.
 In close proximity to the most modern seaport - Jawaharlal Nehru Port.
 International airport and Special Economic Zone in the offing.
 Only Indian city to have commercial complex above railway stations.
 Asia's biggest wholesale market, APMC, is located here.

14. Transportation :
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The Mumbai suburban railway network covers most of the populated region of the city.
The most important suburban stations are Vashi, Nerul, Belapur & Panvel. The stations
are planned as major railway junctions. Panvel is the only mainline station and also the
busiest railway station of Navi Mumbai.
• International Airport :
The Navi Mumbai International Airport will be built in the Panvel area, It will be built
through Public Private Partnership (PPP), with private sector partners having 74%
equity and the Airports Authority of India (AAI) and Government of Maharashtra
(through CIDCO) each holding 13%.
Commerce:
Many large institutions have their offices here.
Reliance, DAKC, CORE Projects & Technologies Ltd, Hexaware Technologies, Mastek, Enser
Communications, Patni Computer Systems, Intellenet, Hewitt Associates,TCS, Digit
magazine, V2Solutions, IRIS Business Services Private
Limited, Indiagames,RectifyCredit, Webele, K-Dimensions andCarwale.

15. Conclusion
• In Charles Correa's public housing projects, it is possible
to see the effect of his design language. Correa, parallel
to the rapid population growth in Third World
Countries, designed settlements which are low-rise and
quickly built as well as have the potential of expansion.
• In addition to this, each house is designed with its
open spaces and house groups which its public spaces.
In short, Correa designed low-rise housing with its
open-space relations.
• Correa stated that “In this, the old architecture –
especially from vernacular – has much to teach us, as it
always develops a typology of fundamental sense.”

17. Introduction
• C.A. PERRY was the first one to
specify the physical form of the
neighbourhood unit (1872-1944).
C.A.
Perry
described
the
neighbourhood unit & its Product is
Radburn .
• He Suggests that the maximum
radius for walking distance from the
home to the community center
should be only 1/4 mile (400m).
• Shopping areas are situated at
intersecting traffic streets on the
outside corners rather than at the
center of the unit.

18. • Radburn means Saddle River in Old English
• Size of 149 acres, includes 430 single family
homes, 90 row houses, 54 semi-attached houses
and a 93 apartment unit, as well as a shopping
center, parks and amenities.
• One of the most publicized, long-lived and
influential models of rational planning
• A partially built, planned settlement in northern
New Jersey Represents the influence of the
English Garden City rational, scientific planning
• Represented many of the basic principles of
planning theory from 1930s to 1960s

19. Objectives of Radburn:
• Decentralized, self-contained settlements, organized to
promote environmental considerations by conserving open
space, harnessing the auto and promoting community life;
key features:
 hierarchical transportation systems
 cul-de-sacs
 footpath systems
 underpasses
 shopping center
 ideal size of 30,000 ppl
 homogeneity
 large-scale development
 clustered superblock
 mixed-use
 Interior park

20. EMERGENCE OF RADBURN PLANNING.
 Inspired by the garden city idea, the city housing corporation of New
York acquired a vacant site in new jersey within commuting distance
of New York city for the community of Radburn.
 The industrialization of the United States after World War I led to a
dramatic growth of the cities during the 1920's.
 Population shift led to a severe housing shortage.
 In answer to the needs of "modern society", Radburn, the "Town
for the Motor Age" was created in 1929.

21. Innovations of Radburn
 Separation of pedestrian and vehicular traffic:
 This was accomplished by doing away with the traditional grid-iron
street pattern and replacing it with an innovation called the superblock.
 What is a superblock?
 The superblock is a large block of land surrounded by main roads.
 The houses are grouped around small cul-de-sacs, each of which has
an access road coming from the main roads.
 Finally, to further maintain the separation of pedestrian and vehicular
traffic, a pedestrian underpass and an overpass, linking the superblocks,
were provided.
 The system was so devised that a pedestrian could start at any given
point and proceed on foot to school, stores or church without crossing a
street used by automobiles.

22. The parks were secured without additional cost to
the residents.
 The savings in expenditures for roads and public utilities at
Radburn, as contrasted with the normal subdivision, paid for
the parks.
 The Radburn type of plan requires less area of street to
secure the same amount of frontage.
 In addition, for direct access to most houses, it used
narrower roads of less expensive construction, as well as
smaller utility lines.
 In fact, the area in streets and length of utilities is 25% less
than in the typical American street.
 The savings in cost not only paid for 12 - 14% of the total
area that went into internal parks, but also covered the cost
of grading and landscaping the play spaces and green links
connecting the central block commons.

24. Planning of radburn
 The street plan formed a pattern of
rectangular blocks divided into rectangular
lots that were usually very narrow to conserve
on utility lines and very deep to conserve on
streets.
 The curvilinear design was then revised to
give some resemblance of character to the
subdivision to subdue to deadly monotony of
parallel streets stretching to infinity.
 When parking is desired on each side of the
street, the right of way is between 54-64 feet
wide, pavement width 36 feet.
 It suggests parking on one side only since the
traffic lanes should not be less than 10 feet
wide.

25.  Cul-de-sac and the loop street
 The cul-de-sac, or dead-end street, came
into use to eliminate through traffic in a
positive manner.
 Cul-de-sac terminate in a circular to retain
their inherent advantages, they should be
short-a maximum length of 450 feet is
recommended.
 Long cul-de-sacs, induce accelerated
traffic speeds and render access for
service and fire protection more
complicated.
 It eliminates the necessity for the
turnaround and provides the continuous
circulation that is required by some
communities to assure no interference
with the accessibility of fire protection and
other services.

26. Layout of housing units
 The houses were oriented in
reverse of the conventional
placement on the lot.
 Kitchens and garages faced
the road, living rooms and
bedrooms turned toward the
garden.
 Pathways
provided
uninterrupted
pedestrian
access to a continuous park
strip, which led to large
common open spaces within
the center of the superblock.

27. • The 2900 residents of Radburn share
23 acres of interior parks, which
yield 345 square feet / person.
• These parks provide small districts
for the city.
• The Plaza Building is Radburn’s only
neighborhood shopping center, and
its tall clock tower has been a
neighborhood landmark since 1927.
• Radburn works as a garden city and
a wonderful example of a well
designed community because every
piece is integrated perfectly into one
body.

28. Failure of Radburn planning
 The design of Radburn believed that people would actively use the front
of the houses facing the greenways.
 In reality, people come and go and "live" from the back of the
houses and the vehicular, not pedestrian, access.
 More people and children walking and playing in the little driveways and
cul-de-sacs than on the actual greenways.
 Second, the market has repeatedly shown that homeowners prefer more
personal land around their homes to living on tiny lots and sharing a large
green space in common.
 The Depression pushed the builder, City Housing Corporation, into
bankruptcy.