2. Other animals
Known species 281,000
1,412,000
Insects Fungi
751,000 69,000
Prokaryotes
4,800
Plants
Protists 248,400
57,700
ALBIO9700/2006JK
3. Universe
Galaxies
Solar systems Biosphere
Planets
Earth
Biosphere
Ecosystems Ecosystems
Communities
Populations
Organisms Realm of ecology
Communities
Organ systems
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Protoplasm
Populations
Molecules
Atoms Organisms
Subatomic Particles
ALBIO9700/2006JK
4. • Ecology – study of how whole communities of living
organisms interact with each other and with their
environment
• Habitat – place where organisms live (e.g. leaf-mining
caterpillar inside a leaf on the oak tree)
• Population – a group of organisms of the same
species, which live in the same place at the same time,
and can interbreed with each other (e.g. population of
ants/beetles)
• Community – all the organisms, of all the different
species, living in a habitat (e.g. forest community/reef
community)
• Ecosystem – relatively self-contained, interacting
community of organisms, and the environment in which
they live and with which they interact – no ecosystem is
entirely self-contained
• Niche – the role of an organism in the ecosystem
ALBIO9700/2006JK
