Crusades & Black Plague

1. The CrusadesThe Crusades
1050-14501050-1450

2. Crusades were carried out byCrusades were carried out by
Christian political and religiousChristian political and religious
leaders to takeleaders to take control of thecontrol of the
Holy Land from the MuslimsHoly Land from the Muslims..

The “The “Holy LandHoly Land” is the” is the
Christian term forChristian term for JerusalemJerusalem
Late Middle AgesLate Middle Ages
The CrusadesThe Crusades

3. The CrusadesThe Crusades
There are five key events inThere are five key events in
the Crusadesthe Crusades

4. The Crusades – 1The Crusades – 1stst
Key EventKey Event
Pope Urban II SpeechPope Urban II Speech – Islamic– Islamic
armies had captured Jerusalem inarmies had captured Jerusalem in
637. In 1095, 458 years later, Pope637. In 1095, 458 years later, Pope
Urban urged Christians toUrban urged Christians to use anyuse any
means necessarymeans necessary to take back theto take back the
Holy Land.Holy Land.

6. The Crusades – 1The Crusades – 1stst
Key EventKey Event
Motives wereMotives were not strictly religiousnot strictly religious..

He wanted to increase his power,He wanted to increase his power,
heal the great schism between theheal the great schism between the
Eastern Orthodox Church and theEastern Orthodox Church and the
Roman Catholic Church.Roman Catholic Church.
He also wanted toHe also wanted to limit Christianslimit Christians
fighting Christiansfighting Christians, which was, which was
common during this time.common during this time.

7. The Crusades – 2nd Key EventThe Crusades – 2nd Key Event
Capture of JerusalemCapture of Jerusalem – In 1099,– In 1099,
Christian crusaders did manage toChristian crusaders did manage to
recapture Jerusalem.recapture Jerusalem.

In the process, theyIn the process, they slaughteredslaughtered
everyoneeveryone they came across,they came across,
Muslim, Jew, and Christian.Muslim, Jew, and Christian.

9. The Crusades – 3rd Key EventThe Crusades – 3rd Key Event
Founding of the Crusader StatesFounding of the Crusader States

After the success of the FirstAfter the success of the First
Crusade and the taking ofCrusade and the taking of
Jerusalem, the Christians set upJerusalem, the Christians set up
four small city-statesfour small city-states called thecalled the
Crusader States.Crusader States.
County of Edessa, Principality ofCounty of Edessa, Principality of
Antioch, Kingdom of Jerusalem,Antioch, Kingdom of Jerusalem,
County of TripoliCounty of Tripoli

10. County of
Edessa
Principality of
Antioch
County of
Tripoli
Kingdom of
Jerusalem

11. The Crusades – 3rd Key EventThe Crusades – 3rd Key Event
Despite this early success,Despite this early success,
Muslims continued to fightMuslims continued to fight withwith
Christians over this territory.Christians over this territory.
Christians responded by buildingChristians responded by building
huge,huge, fortress castlesfortress castles to defendto defend
themselves.themselves.

14. The Crusades – 4th Key EventThe Crusades – 4th Key Event
Loss of Jerusalem to SaladinLoss of Jerusalem to Saladin inin
1187. Saladin was a Muslim1187. Saladin was a Muslim
general who retook the city.general who retook the city.
Unlike the Christian crusaders,Unlike the Christian crusaders,
Saladin gave fair warningSaladin gave fair warning toto
anyone that he was invading, andanyone that he was invading, and
he allowed both Christians andhe allowed both Christians and
Jews to live in peace in the city.Jews to live in peace in the city.

15. The Crusades – 5th Key EventThe Crusades – 5th Key Event
Sacking of Constantinople bySacking of Constantinople by
Western CrusadersWestern Crusaders

In 1204, during the 4In 1204, during the 4thth
CrusadeCrusade
(there were 7 major crusades and 4(there were 7 major crusades and 4
or 5 minor ones), Venice sentor 5 minor ones), Venice sent
Crusaders to attack Constantinople.Crusaders to attack Constantinople.
Now why would they do that?Now why would they do that?

17. The Crusades – 5th Key EventThe Crusades – 5th Key Event
Venice was a trading town. ItsVenice was a trading town. Its
biggest competitionbiggest competition was fromwas from
Constantinople.Constantinople.

Crusaders asked the Venetians toCrusaders asked the Venetians to
transport themtransport them to the Holy Land.to the Holy Land.

Venetians convinced them to take aVenetians convinced them to take a
detour first.detour first.

18. The Crusades – 5th Key EventThe Crusades – 5th Key Event
Venetians convinced the Crusaders toVenetians convinced the Crusaders to
sack the city.sack the city.

Crusaders did successfully attack theCrusaders did successfully attack the
citycity and they stole everything that wasn’tand they stole everything that wasn’t
nailed down, and some stuff that was!nailed down, and some stuff that was!

Today, the bestToday, the best Byzantine artByzantine art can becan be
found in Venicefound in Venice

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=liPMRLO_GpIv=liPMRLO_GpI

21. Four Effects of the CrusadesFour Effects of the Crusades
1.1. Weakened the PopeWeakened the Pope and noblesand nobles
but strengthened the kings andbut strengthened the kings and
monarchs.monarchs.
2.2. Stimulated tradeStimulated trade through thethrough the
Mediterranean world and theMediterranean world and the
Middle EastMiddle East

22. Four Effects of the CrusadesFour Effects of the Crusades
3.3. Left a legacy of bitternessLeft a legacy of bitterness amongamong
Christians, Jews, and MuslimsChristians, Jews, and Muslims
(and this bitterness still survives(and this bitterness still survives
to this day!)to this day!)
4.4. After the 4After the 4thth
Crusade, theCrusade, the
Byzantine Empire is left veryByzantine Empire is left very
weak.weak.

23. InvasIons of theInvasIons of the
Late MIddLe agesLate MIddLe ages

24. three types of InvasIonsthree types of InvasIons
1.1.MongolMongol
2.2.OttomanOttoman
3.3.InfectiousInfectious

25. MongoL InvasIonsMongoL InvasIons
Mongols, you’llMongols, you’ll
remember are fromremember are from
north of Chinanorth of China

26. MongoL InvasIonsMongoL InvasIons
•They moved out fromThey moved out from
Mongolia andMongolia and invaded Russia,invaded Russia,
China, and Muslim statesChina, and Muslim states inin
Southwest Asia destroyingSouthwest Asia destroying
cities and countrysidecities and countryside
•Created a new empire.Created a new empire.

29. ottoMan InvasIonsottoMan InvasIons
•Ottoman TurksOttoman Turks
conquered theconquered the
Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire
•
In 1453, theyIn 1453, they
sacked the city ofsacked the city of
Constantinople,Constantinople,
renaming itrenaming it
IstanbulIstanbul..

30. ottoMan InvasIonsottoMan InvasIons
IstanbulIstanbul
became thebecame the
capitalcapital of theof the
OttomanOttoman
Empire.Empire.
What is this architectural
achievement?!??!

31. InfectIous InvasIonsInfectIous InvasIons
•In the 14In the 14thth
century, thecentury, the Black DeathBlack Death
oror bubonic plaguebubonic plague decimateddecimated
(wiped out) large portions of the(wiped out) large portions of the
populations of Asia and thenpopulations of Asia and then
Europe.Europe.
•
Carried byCarried by fleas on ratsfleas on rats fromfrom
ChinaChina
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZy6XilXDZQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZy6XilXDZQ

33. InfectIous InvasIonsInfectIous InvasIons
The impact of such aThe impact of such a
large loss of lifelarge loss of life
reverberated throughoutreverberated throughout
the region.the region.

35. InfectIous InvasIons - ImpactInfectIous InvasIons - Impact
Loss of population whichLoss of population which
caused…caused…
Scarcity of laborScarcity of labor
http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=Lv0dKdhdRpM&list=PLF78AEA6v=Lv0dKdhdRpM&list=PLF78AEA6
6545C9BCE6545C9BCE

37. InfectIous InvasIons - ImpactInfectIous InvasIons - Impact
Loss of people andLoss of people and
subsequent labor alsosubsequent labor also
causedcaused trade to declinetrade to decline..

39. InfectIous InvasIons - ImpactInfectIous InvasIons - Impact
Towns were no longerTowns were no longer
bound by their feudalbound by their feudal
obligationsobligations

40. InfectIous InvasIons - ImpactInfectIous InvasIons - Impact
The ChurchThe Church, unable to, unable to
give a satisfactorygive a satisfactory
response to large scaleresponse to large scale
death,death, lostlost a great deal ofa great deal of
influenceinfluence..