1.
World War I:
The Shot Heard Around the World
Cause Or Spark?Cause Or Spark?

2.
Tense Situation in Europe
due to competition for colonies

3.
WHO did not get their “share” of colonies?

4.
WWIWWI
 CAUSESCAUSES
Militarism / Extreme NationalismMilitarism / Extreme Nationalism
Inflexible War PlansInflexible War Plans
Iron-clad treatiesIron-clad treaties
 TWO FRONT WAR of ATTRITIONTWO FRONT WAR of ATTRITION
Entente v. AlliesEntente v. Allies
Defensive War- Trench WarfareDefensive War- Trench Warfare
US enteredUS entered
 VERSAILLEVERSAILLE
14 Points14 Points  Stab in the Back MythStab in the Back Myth

5.
Two Front War
““Eastern FrontEastern Front ““
Against RussiaAgainst Russia
 More fluid lineMore fluid line
 Through Serbia, Albania,Through Serbia, Albania,
Romania…Romania…
 October Revolution inOctober Revolution in
RussiaRussia
 Lenin came to powerLenin came to power
 Bolsheviks negotiated w/Bolsheviks negotiated w/
Germany & stop fighting inGermany & stop fighting in
December 1917.December 1917. ALLIES vs. CENTRAL POWERS

6.
 Western FrontWestern Front
 Through France – English Channel –Through France – English Channel –
SwitzerlandSwitzerland
DefensiveDefensive :: TRENCHESTRENCHES
 UsedUsed advanced technologies to MAINTAINadvanced technologies to MAINTAIN
position:position:
 Mustard GasMustard Gas
 Machine GunsMachine Guns
 Bombs & FlaresBombs & Flares
 Barbed wireBarbed wire
End of the war- more offensiveEnd of the war- more offensive
Tanks, planes, subs (GermanTanks, planes, subs (German
U-Boats)U-Boats)
Central, Allied, Neutral
TrenchTrench
WarfareWarfare

7.
US enters on the side of the
Allies--- WHY?
PropagandaPropaganda  ExcitementExcitement
for war!for war!
HemingwayHemingway
Loans, equipment salesLoans, equipment sales fromfrom
US to AlliesUS to Allies
TradeTrade interrupted by warinterrupted by war
Ie: BritishIe: British LusitaniaLusitania sunk bysunk by
German U-boat?German U-boat?
……Armistice, 1918Armistice, 1918

8.
Wilson’s Fourteen PointsWilson’s Fourteen Points
BasicsBasics
 Free tradeFree trade
 Self-determination of nationalitiesSelf-determination of nationalities
 Some loss of territorySome loss of territory
 Peace without victoryPeace without victory
 DisarmamentDisarmament
 Fair treatment of colonial peoplesFair treatment of colonial peoples
 Establishment of League of NationsEstablishment of League of Nations
***Germany expected ONLY these to be the terms of***Germany expected ONLY these to be the terms of
surrender…surrender…

9.
Paris Peace Conference, 1919Paris Peace Conference, 1919 
Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles
““Big Four:”Big Four:” Britain,Britain,
France, United StatesFrance, United States
(and Italy who joined(and Italy who joined
late)late)
Central powers &Central powers &
RussiaRussia (who left the(who left the
Allies late in the war dueAllies late in the war due
to Russian Revolution)to Russian Revolution)
werewere not includednot included

10.
TheThe ““Stab in the Back MythStab in the Back Myth””
was born…was born…  France would notFrance would not
allow Wilson’sallow Wilson’s
proposalsproposals
 Their countryside,Their countryside,
population, industry hadpopulation, industry had
been ravaged…theybeen ravaged…they
wanted revenge, and towanted revenge, and to
avoid a recurrence!avoid a recurrence!

11.
1.1. GermanGerman militarymilitary reduced to almost nothingreduced to almost nothing
- but their heritage!!- but their heritage!!
JunkersJunkers – Landed,– Landed,
Feudal- heritage,Feudal- heritage,
Germanic military aristocracyGermanic military aristocracy
Von Bismarck

12.
Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles
Germany toGermany to acceptaccept
GuiltGuilt
& PAY REPARATIONS:& PAY REPARATIONS:
To France & GB:To France & GB:
Cost of the warCost of the war

13.
Treaty ofTreaty of VersaillesVersailles
Re- Drew map ofRe- Drew map of
EuropeEurope
 Austria & HungaryAustria & Hungary
separated & reducedseparated & reduced
 Poland, Czechoslovakia,Poland, Czechoslovakia,
YugoslaviaYugoslavia created fromcreated from
German & Ottoman territoryGerman & Ottoman territory
 French territory increased atFrench territory increased at
German borderGerman border

14.
Mandate SystemMandate System
 Colonies of Central PowersColonies of Central Powers
becamebecame “mandates;”“mandates;” to beto be
held & exploited byheld & exploited by AlliesAllies (not(not
US)US) until reparations were paiduntil reparations were paid
offoff..
 Ottoman territoriesOttoman territories 
BritishBritish “mandates”:“mandates”:
Palestine, Lebanon, Syria,Palestine, Lebanon, Syria,
Iraq, Arabia, Yemen…Iraq, Arabia, Yemen… and theand the
subject peoples weresubject peoples were
FURIOUSFURIOUS

15.
Mandate System carved out ofMandate System carved out of
Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

16.
Mandate System in AfricaMandate System in AfricaFormerFormer
GermanGerman
ColoniesColonies

17.
Balfour DeclarationBalfour Declaration
 ZionistsZionists
 2 November 19172 November 1917
 UK Foreign SecretaryUK Foreign Secretary
 Confirmed support
from the British
government for
establishment in
Palestine of a
Homeland for theHomeland for the
Jewish peopleJewish people.

18.
Weimar RepublicWeimar Republic
 Weakness, CAPITULATION,Weakness, CAPITULATION,
poverty, injustice for Germanpoverty, injustice for German
peoplepeople
 Veterans = jobless, un-Veterans = jobless, un-
thanked, shell-shocked,thanked, shell-shocked,
wounded…blamed?!wounded…blamed?!
 LeadersLeaders NOT Traditional elitesNOT Traditional elites ––
military, clergy, nobilitymilitary, clergy, nobility
 BankersBankers, some industrialists, some industrialists
Perception: Jewish leadersPerception: Jewish leaders
“sold out” the Germans:“sold out” the Germans:
“Stab-in-the-back Myth”“Stab-in-the-back Myth”

19.
Go to War Posters and Art Power Point…