2. Conditional Nosotros Command
Perfect Tenses Mono Verbs
Present
Present Perfect Irregulars
Past Subjunctive + Irregulars
Subjunctive Perfect Trigger Phrases
Impersonal Expressions
Impersonal „se‟ Expressions of Emotion
Saber vs. Conocer Conjunctions of Time
Los Mandadtos
Informal/Formal Demonstrative Adjectives +
• Affirmative Pronouns
• Negative Tan y Tanto
• Irregular
• DOP + IOP
3. Conditional
Conjugation English Translation
ía íamos Used in relation to
ías íais would, should, could,
must have, or probably
ía ían
Used to express:
Wonder
Conjugation
Infinitivo at end
Subjunctive
Conjecture
Possibility
Probability
4. Conditional Irregulars
Irregular
form
• ía íamos
• ías íais
+ the endings • ía ían
= Conditional
irregulares
5. Present Perfect
Used to express or describe actions that have
happened recently and/or actions that still hold true
in the present. Haber is used as auxillary verb
before the main verb like a helping
In Ingles verb in English.
He hemos
The combination of a helping verb as in English.
Ex: I have eaten. Has Habeis
He comido.
ha han
Plus the main verb with new ending
Ar- ado Er- ido Ir- ido
Auxillary Main Present
verb (to verb + perfect
have) ido o ado verb
He pagado la cuenta. He pagado
7. Past Perfect
• The past perfect tense is • The past perfect is
formed by using the formed by combining the
imperfect tense of the auxiliary verb "had" with
auxiliary verb "haber" the past participle.
with the past participle.
Había habíamos
Habías Habías
Ex: (yo) Había vivido. Ex: Juan había abierto
I had lived. había habían las puertas.
Plus the main verb with new ending
Ar- ado Er- ido Ir- ido
8. Subjunctive Perfect
We use the present perfect subjunctive when we want to
express a reaction to something that has happened
(already). We need a conjugation of the verb Haber and a
past participle. The only difference is that we conjugate
Haber in the present Subjunctive.
Haya hayamos
Hayas Hayáis
haya Hayan
Plus the main verb with new ending
Ar- ado Er- ido Ir- ido
9. Impersonal „se‟
1. Use se to avoid specifying a person who is doing
the action of the verb.
Se vende fruta en la fruteria.
2. When using se, the verb is always in 3rd person.
Aqui se había español.
3. Se can be used in all tenses.
Se hizo mucho
Se haría mucho.
Se había hecho.
11. Mandatos Informales
Tu Commands
Affirmitivo Negativo
Regular Irregular Regular Irregular
Put in the yo form,
Conjugate in the tu Put in the tu form, changes to the Tv dishes and add
form and drop the stem change, and the “s”
opposite vowel
“s” drop the “s” and add on the “S”
Or put the yo
Add pronoun if Di, hav, ve, pon, Place pronoun
form, change to
necessary sal, se, ten, ven before the verb
the appropriate ”s”
12. Informal Mandatos
INFORMAL (TU) AR ER/IR
Affirmitive: ______- A ______- e
Conjugate the verb in the
3rd person present Hablar: habla Comer: come
(ud./el/ella)
Negative: No- ______- EN No- ______- AN
Yo form, drop the O and
add the opposite tú Hablar: No hablen Comer: No coman
ending
Informal Commands Irregulars
Decir: Di Salir: sal
Hacer: Haz Tener: ten
Ir: ve Venir: ven
Poner: pon
13. Formal Mandatos
FORMAL AR ER/IR
Usted/ Ud. ______- E ______- A
Yo form of a verb, drop
the O and add the Hablar: hable Comer: Coma
opposite endings:
Ustedes/ Uds. ______- EN ______- AN
Yo form of a verb,
drop the O and add the Hablar: hablen Comer: Coman
opposite ending of the
third plural form:
Formal Commands Irregulars
1. GO to GA (present tense irregular Yo 2. CAR, GAR, ZAR verbs require
form verbs) spelling changes to keep the
Vengo- venga pronunciation consistent:
Digo- diga Pagar- pague
14. DOP and IOP Placement
DOP IOP
Lo, la, los, las Me, te, se, nos, os
Ir + Infinitive Estar + ing Commands
• Attach to the verb • Affirmative: it is
end of the • Attach to the attached to the
infinitive end of command
end of –ing verb with an accent on
• Place in front of and add an first syllable vowel
the conjugated accent to the 3rd
verb • Negative: it comes
to the last after “no”, before
syllable vowel the command
15. Nosotros Commands
Yo form of the verb in
present tense, drop the
O and add the opposite
nosotros form ending:
Ar Er/Ir
____-Emos ____-Amos
Hablar: Hablemos Comer: comamos
16. Mono Verbs
1) if object pronouns are used, they must be attached
to the end of affirmative commands, and this will
always require a written accent in the nosotros
forms
2) the first s of the affirmative reflexive ending is
lost
Irregulars
Ex: ¡Comamos afuera esta noche!
Are similar to that of other
commands including –car, -gar,
-zar…
Another irregular: Vámonos-
vayamos
17. Start with the yo
form of the
present indicative
Present Subjunctive
Impersonal
Reflects Expressions
Then drop the o- Will and influence, Es bueno que…
ending Mood motion, doubt, Es mejor que…
Uncertain disbelief, and Es importante
hypothetical denial, que…
indefiniteness, and
Then add the nonexistense Es malo que…
opposite vowel
ending. Es necessario que…
Main Clause Subjuntive
(impersonal Que Main clause sentence
expression)
18. T V D I S H E S
Tener > Venir> Decir> diga Ir > vaya Ser > sea Hacer > Estar > esté Saber > sepa
tenga venga Dar> dé haga
car que Irregulares
gar gue Stem changing
-stays the same in –ar or –er
zar ce - Does not change in nosotros form
Ir stem changes in nosotros
19. Trigger Phrases
The impersonal phrases come before the subjunctive and the time phrases come after the
independent clause to indicate when to use a subjunctive.
Es Es
necesario bueno
que… que… …asi que …cuando
Impersonal Es mejor
…despues
Expressions
que… Conjunctions
of Time
de que
Es malo Es
que…
importan …en …hasta
te que… cuanto que
20. I. Verbs/expressions of will or want II. Verbs/expressions of emotion or
aconsejar que to advise feeling
decir que to tell alegrarse de que to be happy that
dejar que to let, allow es bueno que it's good that
desear que to desire that es conveniente que it's convenient
es hora que it's time that that
es importante que it is important es difícil que it's hard
that es extraño que it's strange that
es necesario que it is necessary es fácil que it's easy
that es increíble que it's incredible that
esperar que to hope that es inútil que it's useless that (there's
es preciso que it is necessary that no point) es justo que it's fair that
evitar que to avoid
Frequently, the sentences that contain a subjunctive verb are used to express
doubt, uncertainty, denial, desire, commands or reactions to the clause
containing the subjunctive verb.
21. III. Verbs/expressions of doubt,
possibility, opinion First Clause: Second
aparecer que to appear, seem Expressions Clause
that
• hope • Subordinate
buscar ... que* to look for • Fear clause
detestar que to hate • Joy
dudar que to doubt • Pity
es dudoso que it is doubtful that • Surprise
es imposible que it is impossible
that
es improbable que it is
improbable that
es posible que it is possible that
es probable que it is probable
that
