1. Guanxi psychological contract

2. Guanxi
psychological contract
1

3. 1960 Argyris
1960 psychological work contract
Argyris 1960
foreman
….
Guanxi
1992
Jacobs, 1979 1948
2000
Janssens, Sels & Brande, 2003 Herriot 2001
2

4. Rousseau 1995
2001
1.
2.
3.
4.
3

5. Guanxi
2000
social tie
interpersonal connections Xin & Pearce,
1996
1982
1999
1997 1998
social capital social exchange
Butterfield,
1983 Pye, 1982 1988
objective
guanxi subjective guanxi
1996
Guanxi base
.
4

6. Jacob, 1979
1992
Farth, Earley,
& Lin, 1997; Farth, Tsui, Xin, & Cheng, 1998; Ho, 1998; Jacob, 1979; Yang, 1994;
Tsui & Farh, 1997; Tsui, Farh, & Xin, 2000
2007
1999
... 1997
2000
Farh et al.,
1998
identity Dunfee
& Warren, 2001 1995 1996
Kiong & Kee, 1998
1999
1988
5

7. 1989 1999
non-job related Chan, 1995; Chang and Holt,
1991; Yan, 1996; Yang, 1994
1988
1993
Foa & Foa,
1976 1989 1999
1981
1988 1996
1988
Tedeschi & Riess, 1981
1988
6

8. 1993
2008
Park & Luo, 2001
Standifird & Marshall, 2000
1993
Chan, 1995; Chang
& Holt, 1991; Chen & Peng, 2008; Yan, 1996; Yang, 1994
Park & Luo, 2001 2002
Schein 1980
mutuality Davis and Newstrom 1989
Rousseau 1989
belief
Rousseau
perception
7

9. Levinson, Price, Munder, Mandl and Solley 1962
Morrison 1994 Levinson
predictability
interdependence psychological distance changeable
crisis management Rousseau 1995
1
2
3
4
2004
1
2 promise
Rousseau & Parks, 1993
3
individual perception Rousseau & Tijoriwala, 1998
1
2
1999
3
4 5
6
…
Robinson, Kraatz, & Rousseau, 1994
MacNeil 1985 transactional contract
relational contract Rousseau and Parks 1993
8

10. organiztion-specific skills
mutual adjustment
2002 Rousseau 1995
Rousseau and
Wade-Benzoni 1994 Rousseau 1995 Tsui, Pearce, Porter, and Tripoli 1997
Hui, Lee, and Rousseau 2004
Hui, Lee, & Rousseau, 2004; Rousseau,
1995 Rousseau 2000
hybrid contract
transitional contract
( )
9

11. 2004
MacNeil 1985 Rousseau 1995
Rousseau 1995 Tsui et al. 1997
Rousseau, 2000
social network
informal
networks social identity
attitudes perceptions
behaviors Ho & Levesque, 2005; Rice & Aydin, 1991
Burt, 1992;
Ibarra, 1995; Podolny & Baron, 1997
Van Dyne and Ang 1998
Ho, Rousseau, and Levesque 2006
Mitchell, 1969 emic perspective
Yeung & Tung,
10

12. 1996 place
security trust prescribed role Hammond
& Glenn, 2004
1988
1993
Yan, 1996 Chan, Cheng, & Szeto, 2002; Yang, 1994
employment relationship
Coyle-Shapiro & Conway
2005
Blau, 1964 MacNeil
1985 Blau
1964 Robinson, Kraatz, & Rousseau,
1994
Millward, 1998
11

13. Chen & Peng, 2008 1994 1989
1990 1991 1988
1985 1999 2002
Chan, 1995; Chang & Holt, 1991; Chen & Peng, 2008; Yan,
1996; Yang, 1994
Park & Luo, 2002 2002
MacNeil, 1985; Rousseau, 1995; Rousseau & Parks, 1993
2004
Robinson & Morrison, 1995;
Rousseau, 1995
Hui, Lee, & Rousseau, 2004; Rousseau,
1995; Rousseau & Wade-Benzoni, 1994; Tsui, Pearce, Porter, & Tripoli, 1997
Rousseau, 2000
1988
12

14. 3-1
3-1
1-1
1-2
1
[ ]
1
13

15. 2007 2008
1 2
3
1 2 3
3-1
3-1
1988 1999
2007
3 5 3
3 3
3 6 20 Likert 1
2 3 4 5
3-2
14

16. 3-2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. (
)
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Rousseau 1989
belief
2004
15

17. 1 1 11 11 2
12 15 4 15 Likert
1 2 3 4
5 6
3-3
3-3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
105 95 92
87.6%
1.
16

18. 7 8 14 18
3-4
3-4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
2.
6 7 11
3-5
17

19. 3-5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
97 10 7 97 11 22
670 482 71.9% 44
438 65.3 3-6
18

20. 3-6
%
670 100.0
188 28.1
482 71.9
438 90.9
44 9.1
65.3%
3-7
246 56.16% 192
43.84%
26 34
279 63.7 25 87 19.86 35
72 16.44
264 60.27
138 31.51 36 8.22
216 49.32
189 43.15 33 7.53
7 3 4
19

21. 41.16
4 1 141 32.19 13 126
28.77 35 75 17.12 5 96 21.91
79.43
4 3 141 32.19 37 147
33.56 7 11 96 21.92 11 54 12.32
3-7 N=438
%
192 43.84
246 56.16
25 87 19.86
30.25
26 34 279 63.7
35 72 16.44
36 8.22
264 60.27
138 31.51
189 43.15
33 7.53
216 49.32
1 141 32.19
13 126 28.77 41.16
35 75 17.12
5 96 21.91
3 141 32.19
37 147 33.56 79.43
7 11 96 21.92
11 54 12.32
20

22. 3-2
3-2
1-1
1-1a
1-1b
1-2
1-2a
21

23. 4-1
4.23 0.47 4.05 0.42
3.95 0.52 3.72 0.52
3.70 0.56
3
4-1
4.03 0.91 3.97 1.06
3.66 1.09
3.5
4-1
P 0.05 P 0.01
22

24. 4-1 N 438
3.95 0.52 0.118* 0.186** -0.081 0.278** 0.142** 0.247** 0.259**
4.05 0.42 0.305** 0.183** 0.370** 0.139** 0.109* 0.170**
3.70 0.56 0.210** 0.275** 0.099* 0.193** 0.054
3.72 0.52 0.189** 0.145** 0.017 0.054
4.23 0.47 -0.054 0.050 -0.023
4.03 0.91 0.641** 0.601**
3.97 1.06 0.520**
3.66 1.09
* P 0.05
** P 0.01
2
[ ]
4-2 P 0.05
4-2 N 438
t
0.569
3.97 0.587 3.94 0.478
1.269
4.09 0.423 4.04 0.427
2.119*
3.77 0.531 3.65 0.590
-1.424
3.68 0.560 3.75 0.502
-1.535
4.20 0.497 4.27 0.459
-0.306
4.02 0.883 4.05 0.937
4.04 0.993 3.93 1.112 1.124
3.69 1.106 3.64 1.086 0.485
* P 0.05
2
23

25. 25 26 34 35
4-3 ANOVA
P
3
0.05 P 0.01 Scheffe`s method [ ]
4-3 N 438
F Scheffe
25 a 26 34 b 35 c
3.98 3.98 3.83
2.411
0.53 0.52 0.53
4.15 4.07 3.96 *
3.191
0.39 0.42 0.42
3.96 3.71 3.53 **
a bacbc
9.000
0.51 0.58 0.44
3.77 3.77 3.49 **
a c bc
9.375
0.26 0.52 0.59
4.12 4.26 4.22
1.744
0.51 0.46 0.50
4.13 4.09 3.76 **
bc
4.440
0.78 0.85 1.13
4.08 4.08 3.50
9.982** a c bc
0.82 1.01 1.27
3.70 3.72 3.40
2.682
1.19 0.99 1.35
* P 0.05
** P 0.01
3
24

26. 4-4
4-4 N 438
F Scheffe
a b c
3.64 3.95 4.03 **
a bac
8.040
0.57 0.50 0.53
3.86 4.07 4.09 *
a bac
4.380
0.52 0.40 0.42
3.31 3.77 3.67 **
a bac
11.319
0.63 0.52 0.58
3.60 3.74 3.72
1.030
0.63 0.48 0.57
4.28 4.22 4.27
0.683
0.56 0.47 0.45
3.61 4.01 4.20 **
a c
6.281
1.06 0.94 0.75
3.25 3.98 4.16 **
a bac
10.960
1.38 1.05 0.89
3.52 3.62 3.78
1.341
1.57 1.10 0.89
* P 0.05
** P 0.01
4-5
25

27. P 0.01
4-5 N 438
F Scheffe
a b c
3.92 3.61 4.03
a bbc
10.331**
0.55 0.51 0.48
4.07 4.12 4.04
0.581
0.45 0.26 0.42
3.72 3.88 3.66
2.377
0.59 0.56 0.54
3.67 4.02 3.72
a bbc
6.392**
0.59 0.36 0.47
4.31 4.03 4.21
a b
5.640**
0.54 0.46 0.40
3.89 4.63 4.06
a bbc
9.772**
0.98 0.86 0.81
4.02 3.91 3.95
0.305
1.20 1.00 0.93
3.48 4.00 3.77
a bac
5.553**
1.26 0.74 0.94
* P 0.05
** P 0.01
1
13 35 5 4-6
26

28. 13
4-6 N 438
F Scheffe
1 a 13 b 35 c 5 d
4.02 3.86 3.99 3.95
2.291
0.56 0.55 0.44 0.48
4.11 4.13 4.01 3.93 a d
5.362**
0.39 0.43 0.38 0.46 b d
3.72 3.75 3.80 3.53 b d
4.052**
0.57 0.62 0.52 0.45 c d
3.70 3.88 3.65 3.60 b c
5.904**
0.45 0.50 0.61 0.55 b d
4.26 4.27 4.25 4.15
1.538
0.46 0.49 0.51 0.42
4.06 4.03 4.14 3.91
0.908
0.85 0.99 0.84 0.92
4.04 3.88 4.05 3.95
0.675
1.18 1.17 0.96 0.73
3.56 3.63 3.70 3.82
1.113
1.20 1.17 1.03 0.82
* P 0.05
** P 0.01
3 37 7 11 11
4-7
P 0.05 P 0.01
11
27

29. 4-7 N 438
3.92 3.99 3.98 3.87
0.56 0.49 0.50 0.57
4.15 4.05 3.97 4.02
0.43 0.39 0.43 0.44
3.77 3.75 3.70 3.41
0.55 0.53 0.60 0.54
3.74 3.75 3.83 3.40
0.43 0.55 0.45 0.68
4.22 4.22 4.25 4.31
0.47 0.49 0.44 0.50
4.14 4.10 4.01 3.61
0.86 0.78 0.93 1.18
4.14 3.96 4.07 3.43
1.12 0.86 1.00 1.30
3.60 3.78 3.65 3.54
1.19 0.81 1.15 1.36
* P 0.05
** P 0.01
mutiple regression
4-1
4-8
F 5.559 P
0.001
28

30. P
0.05
R2
Adjusted R2
R2 0.037 3.7% 3.7%
F
13.405 P 0.001
R2 0.085 8.5%
8.5%
4-8
0.121* 0.216***
0.112* 0.041
0.140**
0.043
5.559*** 13.405***
F
R2 0.037 0.085
Adjusted R2 0.030 0.078
* P 0.05 ** P 0.01 *** P 0.001
4-9
VIF
F 0.409
29

31. 4-9
0.038
-0.030
F 0.409
R2 0.002
Adjusted R2 -0.003
* P 0.05 ** P 0.01 *** P 0.001
4-10
4-10
1-1a
1-1b
1-2a
30

32. Guanxi
2007 2008
31

33. 1. 2003
2. 2004
3. 2000
4. 1988
239-288
5. 1993
:
6. 1999 30 7-10
7. 2006 -
3 25-48
8. 1989
95-112
9. 1994
10. 1989
213-239
11. 2000 SPSS
12. 2000
13. 1997
14. 2005
23 201-257
15. 2002
16. 2002 18 175-226
17. 2003
18. 2007 21
19. 2007 Guanxi
26 1 47-70
20. 2002
21. 1980
22. 1981
23. 1992 12 143-157
24. 2008 -
25. 1949 57-84
32

34. 26. 1999 12 261-288
27. 1997 7 282-338
28. 1988 5
155-238
29. 1990 28 47-64
30. 1994
31. 1991 32 219-232
32. 2005
33. 2001
10 4 101-128
34. 2004 —
11 2 1-32
35. 2000
36. 1982 345-360
37. 2000
38. 1999 12 291-312
39. 2001
181-198
40. 1948
41. 1988
7-43
42. 2000
181-208
43. 2002
44. 2002 —
21 4 101-127
45. 2006 Guanxi
46. 1997
47. 1998
48. 1999 12 105-179
49. 2001
50. 2000 13
277-316
51. 2005
52. 1993
53. 2002
229-255
54. 1996
55. 1993
33

35. 1992
56. 1998
57. 2007 —
58. 1996
59. 2000
60. 1997
39 1 75-92
61. 1995
4 2-41
62. 2001
43 2 207
63. 2005
64. 2000
65. 2003
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38

40. SWOT SPACE
39

41. 4
2005 [ ]
2006
5
[ ]
SPACE
4
932 15
5
345
40

42. 1957
1979
2005 Forbes
2006
2-1
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41

43. 1957
1964
1970
1979
1993
1995
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2-2
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1964
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,
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44. ,
1985
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1987
,
,
,
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1988
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1990
,
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1992
,
1993
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1994
1995
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1997
,
1998
1999
2000
,
2001
2002
43

45. 2-1
2002
1.
1
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46. 7
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47. 2-3
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49. 3.
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50. 2-6
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2002 1701 2549 565 22.16% 291 11.42% 302 1.78
2003 1753 3042 650 21.38% 359 11.81% 425 2.42
2004 1874 4367 792 21.38% 464 10.63% 511 2.86
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51. ,
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54. 3-2
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EN1154:1997
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53

55. /
3
54

56. SWOT
6
Andrews 1980 [ ]
S strength
W weakness O opportunity
T threat
Andrews SWOT
7
4-1 David 1986 [ ] SWOT
4-1 SWOT
6
Andrews, K. R. (1980). The Concept of Corporate Strategy. Irwin, Homewood.
7
David, F. R. (1986). Fundamentals of Strategic Management. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
55

57. 4-1
4-2
4-3
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58. 1.Home Depot Wal-Mart 1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
4.
4.
5.
6.
57

59. S W
O S W
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T T —
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58

60. 4.W-T
SPACE
SPACE
SPACE The Strategic Position and Action Evaluation
8
Rowe, Mason, Dickel, Mann and Mockler 1994 [ ]
SPACE
Financial Strength, FS Competitive Advantage, CA
Environmental Stability,
ES Industry Strength, IS
FS CA ES IS
strategy posture
SPACE
Rowe SPACE
4-5
8
Rowe, Mason, Dickel, Mann and Mockler. (1994). Strategic Management: A
Methodological Approach(4th), p.259, Massachusedts: Addison-Wesley Puldishing Co.
59

61. 4-5 SPACE
FS ES
1. (Return on investment) 1. (Technological changes)
2. (Leverage) 2. (Rate of inflation)
3. (Liquidity) 3. (Demand variability)
4. / (Capital 4. (Price range of
required versus capital available) 5. (Barriers to entry into
5. (Cash flow) 6. (Competitive pressure/rivalry)
6. (Ease of exit from 7. (Price elasticity of
market) demand)
7. (Risk involved in business) 8. (Pressure from substitute
8. (Inventory turnover)
9. (Use of
economies of scale and experience)
CA IS
1. (Market share) 1. (Growth potential)
2. (Product quality) 2. (Profit potential)
3. (Product life cycle) 3. (Financial stability)
4. (Product replacement cycle) 4. (Technological know-how)
5. (Customer loyalty) 5. (Resource utilization)
6. (Competition’s capacity 6. (Capital intensity)
utilization) 7. (Ease of entry into
7. (Technological know-how) market)
8. (Vertical integration) 8. (Productivity ,
9. (Speed of new-product capacity
introductions) 9. (Manufacturers’
bargaining
Rowe, Mason, Dickel, Mann and Mockler. (1994). Strategic Management A
Methodological Approach(4th), p.259, Massachusedts Addison-Wesley Puldishing
Co.
SPACE
SPACE 4-1 FS
IS +1 +6
ES CA
1 6 4-6
60

62. ×
FS CA ES IS
(IS+CA,FS+ES) (X,Y) (X,Y)
4-1 SPACE
4-6 SPACE
FS IS 6 5 4 3 2 1
ES CA -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6
61

63. SPACE 1 Aggressive
posture
2
Competitive posture
3
Conservative posture
product competitiveness
4
Defensive posture
competitiveness
Rowe et al. 1994 SPACE Porter
62

64. 4-2 SPACE Porter
R&D R&D
Porter
acquisition
survival tactics
4-2 SPACE Porter
Rowe et al. 1994 Miles and
9
Snow 1978 [ ] Miles and Snow
9
Miles, R. and Snow, C. (1978). Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process,
McGraw-Hill, New York.
63

65. Rowe et al. 1994
SPACE SPACE
4-7
4-7 SPACE
FS
IS
Know-how
64

66. 4-7 SPACE
ES
CA
…
SPACE
SPACE 4-8
65

67. 4-8 SPACE
FS
1 4 4
1 5 5
1.5 5 7.5
1.5 4 6
FS 22.5÷4 5.625 22.5
IS
1 4 4
Know-how
1 3 3
1 4 4
1 2 2
1.5 4 6
IS 19÷5 3.8 19
ES
1.5 -4 -6
1 -2 -2
1 -3 -3
1 -2 -2
1 -3 -3
ES -16÷5 -3.2 -16
CA
1.5 -2 -3
1 -2 -2
1 -3 -3
1 -2 -2
1 -2 -2
1.5 -2 -3
1.5 -2 -3
1.5 -1 -1.5
1 -4 -4
CA -23.5÷9 -2.61 -23.5
66

68. 4-7 SPACE
FS IS ES CA
4-8
SPACE X Y
X CA+IS +1.19 -2.31+3.8 Y
ES+FS +2.425 -3.2+5.625 SPACE
4-3
FS
5.625
(Aggressive)
1.9 2.425
-2.61 3.8
CA IS
-3.2
ES
4-3 SPACE
67

69. SWOT SATTY
…
SPACE
Miles
and Snow
Porter
OEM ODM
68

70. 69

71. 70

72. 71

73. :Stogdill R.M. and Coons,1957
10
Stogdily, R. M. and Coons, A. E. Leader Behavior: Its Description and Measurement, Columbus:
Ohio State University, Bureau of Business Research, Monograph No.88., 1957.
72

74. Peter Drucker
2-1
73

75. 4.4 2-2
2-3
74

76. Peter Principle
Packard's Law
75

77. A A Jim Collins, 2002
A A Good to Great Jim
Collins
2003
/ ,2005/11/13
2006
76

78. 77

79. 3
3
1. 20%
2. 60%
3. 20%
60%
60%
78

80. 8
79

81. 100
80

82. 81

83. 82

84. “ ”
83

85. “ ” 5
5
5
12
84

86. 85

87. ...
86

88. Raymond A.Noe 2005 -
11
P302-303 [ ]
Gary C. Wendt
11
W. C. Symond, “Basic Training for CEOs.” ,Business Week, June 11, 2001.
87

89. IBM Mecrk &
Company
M A Group Inc. 1999
2006 10
7
88

90. A A Good to Great Jim
Collins
trait theories
behavioral theories of Leadership
89

91. 1
Robert R•Blake Jane
S•Mouton 1964
9
2 1
9 8l “
” “ ”
(1,1) (1,9) (9,1) (5,5) (9,9)
(9,9)
90

92. F. E. Fiedler
Theory of Contingency
3
91

93. Hersey Blanchard
Hersey
Hersey 4 M1-
M2- M3-
M4-
92

94. 2006 2006 6
9
Viacom CGC
Challenger, Gray & Christmas 2006
1,400 2005 1,322
2004 663
Corporate Library
1,600 CGC
• Larry Bossidy
21
EMBA
93

95. 6 EMBA
2004 1
CHEERS
94

96. Need Hierarchy
Theory
7
95

97. Formal Education IBM
benchmarks
96

98. mentor
97