Elie Wiesel's Night Study Guide

1. A-7713
"In every area of human creativity
indifference is the enemy;
indifference of evil is worse than evil, because it
is also sterile."
Elie Wiesel

2. ElieWiesel appears as the fourth child in the left
column in this photo of child survivors of
Buchenwald, a concentration camp.

3.  1928--born in Sighet,
 Romania 1944—deported to
Auschwitz
 Jan.1945--father dies in
Buchenwald
 Apr.1945--liberated from
concentration camp
 1948--moved to Paris to study at
the Sorbonne 1948--work in
journalism begins
 1954--decides to write about the
Holocaust
 1956--hit by a car in New York
 1958--Night is published
 1963--receives U.S. citizenship
 1964--returned to Sighet
 1965--first trip to Russia
 1966--publishes Jews of Silence
1969--married Marion Rose
 1972--son is born
 1978--appointed chair of
Presidential Commission on the
Holocaust
 1980--Commission renamed U.S.
Holocaust Memorial Council
 1985--awarded Congressional
Gold Medal of Achievement
 1986--awarded Nobel Peace Prize
 1995--publishes memoirs

4.  A holocaust survivor!
At 15 yrs old
 He was born in the town of Sighet, Romania in 1928.
 In 1944 the German Nazi’s deported Wiesel and his
entire family to Auschwitz, a concentration camp.
 Wiesel survived Auschwitz, Buna, Buchenwald and
Gleiwitz, all Nazi commanded concentration camps.

5.  In 1963 he became a citizen of the United States.
 He was appointed a professor of humanities at Boston
University in 1976.
 From 1980 to 1986, Wiesel served as chairman of the
U.S. President's Commission on the Holocaust.

6.  He received the Congressional Gold Medal in 1985.
 He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986.
 Wiesel has written and lectured widely
about the Jewish tradition and other Jewish
issues, as well as about human rights in
general.

7.  Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp,
which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed
and seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smoke. Never
shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw
turned into wreaths of smoke beneath a silent blue sky.
Never shall I forget those flames which consumed my faith
forever.
Never shall I forget that nocturnal silence which deprived
me, for all eternity, of the desire to live. Never shall I forget those
moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my
dreams to dust. Never shall I forget these things, even if I am
condemned to live as long as God Himself. Never. (Elie-Wiesel)

8. Let us remember, let
us remember the
heroes of Warsaw,
the martyrs of
Treblinka, the
children of
Auschwitz. They
fought alone, they
suffered alone, they
lived alone, but they
did not die alone, for
something in all of
us died with them.
ElieWiesel
I spent most of my time talking to
God more than to people.
- ElieWiesel

9.  Genocide
 Apathy can be more detrimental to
society than pure hatred.
 One’s spirit drives the soul to survive.
 The light of faith in humanity can overcome the
darkness of hate.
 Even in despair, man searches for meaning.

10.  Eliezer Wiesel (identification number A-7713)
*The narrator of the book, Elie is taken to concentration
camps in Czechoslovakia and Germany at the age of
fourteen.
 Eliezer's father (Chlomo Wiesel)
*Eliezer's father is very respected within the Jewish community
of his hometown, and he spends most of his time occupying
himself with community affairs

11.  Moché the Beadle: A poor, humble man who works
at the Hasidic synagogue in Sighet
 Tzipora: Eliezer's seven-year-old sister
 Eliezer's mother: Eliezer is separated from his
mother upon arriving at Birkenau.

12.  The original title Elie Wiesel gave the novel was And
the World Has Remained Silent.
 He wrote this book after 10 years of silence.
 By the end of the Holocaust, over 6 million Jews had
been killed.

13.  There are five motifs to look for while reading Night:
 Night – pay attention to what happens at night and what
that might symbolize. Remember what we learned
when we talked about archetypes and what night might
symbolize.
 Bearing Witness – Pay attention to which characters are
witnesses and to what they bear witness.

14.  Motifs (continued):
 Father-son Relationships – Pay attention to how Elie and
his father’s relationship develops; in addition, notice
other father-son relationships in the book.
 Loss of faith – Notice how Elie’s faith in God changes as
the book progresses. Write on your study guides where
these changes occur.

15.  Motifs (continued):
 Voice vs. Silence – Who has a voice and who chooses to
remain silent? Why might Elie Wiesel title his novel
what he did originally, and why did he no longer remain
silent?
 From the 10 Core Concept notes, we will learn that
Poland had the largest population of Jews in Europe.

16.  In Poland, 90% of the approximately 3,000,000 Jews
were murdered in the Holocaust.
 As you read, look for times that Wiesel mentions the
people in surrounding towns.
 There are several groups who contributed to the
Holocaust, persecutors and by-standers included.
 Why are by-standers just as important as the
persecutors?

17. Chapter 1:
1. When and where did Elie Wiesel grow-up?
1928-1943; Sighet, Transylvania
2. Who was Moshe the Beadle?
Poor man who lived in the synagogue
What did the other people in the community think of him?
He was well-liked
Why did Elie spend a lot of time with him?
He was willing to teach Elie the mysticism of
Judaism.

18. 3. What was Elie’s father like?
“…Cultured, but rather unsentimental man” (1).
What was his position within the Jewish community?
“Held in great esteem” (1); people went to him for advice.
4. What happened to Moshe that caused great change in him?
Deported and witnessed a great slaughter in the forest
How did he change?
No longer happy; wants to tell his story
How did the rest of the community react
when he told them what he experienced?
They thought he had gone crazy!

19. 5. Why were the Jews of Sighet heartened by the news on
the radio in 1942-1943?
The allies were winning even as
Germany invaded Hungary.
6. Why did the Jews of Sighet think they were being
deported?
The front was moving closer; moved for their
own safety.
Why do you suppose their destination was kept secret
from them?
Prevent rebellion; keep them calm.

20. 7. Could the Jews of Sighet have escaped the Germans?
Perhaps some could have; remember the knocking?
How did they prepare for deportation?
Baked, packed, buried valuables
8. Who offered Elie’s family safe refuge?
Martha
9. On what day of the week was Elie’s family expelled?
Saturday
What was ironic about that day?
Jewish Sabbath—day of rest
What were the 24 hours in the synagogue like?
Horrible, unsanitary, packed

21. Chapter 2:
1. Who was Madame Schachter?
Woman on the train who kept yelling, “Fire!”
Why was she so upset?
She had been separated from her family.
How did the others treat her?
Bound, gagged, kicked her
What was the first thing the prisoners saw upon arriving
at Birkenau?
The fires of the crematories

22. Chapter 3:
1. Who were the SS men?
Hitler’s private army
How did Elie and his father get separated from Mother and
Tzipora?
Dr. Mengele’s selection
What was Elie’s last view of them?
His mother patting Tzporia’s fair hair
2. Why did some of the younger men want to escape?
The prisoners told them of the crematories
Why didn’t they go ahead?
The older men told them to refer to their religious
teachings—to stay calm

23. 3. Why did Elie and his father lie to Dr. Mengele?
He gave an older age to avoid the furnace.
Why did his father wish Elie has gone with his mother?
Why is this ironic?
So he would not be burned alive. Ironic because his
mother and Tziporiawent to the crematories.
4. What is the Kaddish?
Jewish prayer for the dead
Why didn’t Elie join his father in reciting this?
He rebelled against a god that would allow
babies to be murdered before his eyes.

24. 5. Why did the gypsy strike Elie’s father?
His father asked to go to the lavatory
How did Elie react?
He stayed silent
6. To what new camp were the prisoners marched?
Buna—the work camp in Auschwitz
Who was in charge of the block?
Young Polish man
What was his advice? Why was he replaced?
To treat each other well; he was too kind

25. 7. Who was Stein?
A relation of Wiesel’s family
Why did Elie lie to him?
To keep his hope alive
Why did Stein stop coming?
He found out his family died, presumably.
8. Akaba Drumer’s believed God was testing the Jews. What did
Elie think of his theory?
He did not believe that merciful God could allow so
much suffering why the world kept silent to the
horrors he witnessed.

26. Chapter 4:
1. Where was music played in the camp?
On the march to the warehouse
Why couldn’t the musicians play Beethoven?
Beethoven was a German composer, and the Jews
were not permitted to play his music.
2. Who beat Elie in front of the French girl?
Idek in one of his fits of madness
Why was she afraid to speak to him?
She was a German Jewess disguised as an Aryan
What did her advice show about her?
She shows the kindness and patience
that is lacking in the camps.

27. 3. Who ended up with Elie’s gold tooth?
Franek
How did this person get the tooth from Elie?
Began to beat Elie’s father for marching out of step
4. Why did Elie laugh at Idek?
Caught him having relations
with a young girl in a closet
What was the result?
25 whip lashings

28. Chapter 5:
1. What is Rosh Hashanah?
Jewish New Year’s Eve
2. What is Yom Kippur? Why didn’t Elie fast?
Jewish New Year’s Day! Day of Atonement; he felt he
fasted everyday
3. What sort of “inheritance” gifts did Elie’s father give
him?
Knife and spoon
Why did Elie give the presents back?
His father survived the second selection

29. 4. What happened to many prisoners when they lost faith?
Lost their will to live. Example: Akaba Drumer
5. How did Elie end up in the hospital?
Infected foot
What decision did he face there?
Whether to stay, or leave with the evacuees
How did he make his choice to leave the hospital so soon after
the operation?
The man with dysentery told him the camp was to be
mined, and the ones left in the infirmary would be a
“final batch for the crematory.”

30. 6. Why was the camp being evacuated?
The Russians were advancing
Why did the prisoners want the Russians to arrive first?
They would be liberated!
Chapter 6:
1. What happened to Zalman?
Had intense stomach pains and had to stop as the
prisoners evacuated. Trampled to death.
2. How did Elie and his father help each other stay alive?
They were each other’s will to live, keeping each
other awake in the snow.

31. 3. Why does Elie tell the story of Rabbi Eliahou?
To show the betrayal of his son
Why was he glad the rabbi “should continue to look for his
beloved son”?
It showed his persistence and love for his son.
4. How did Wiesel avoid suffocation?
He clawed and bit the “dead flesh”
Why do you think Juliek played the violin in this terrible
situation?

32. Chapter 7:
1. Why did the two men try to throw Wiesel’s father from the
carriage?
Thought he was dead
Why did the living “rejoice” when the order came to throw out
the corpses?
Created more room for the prisoners
2. How did the prisoners in the wagon act like animals?
Fought over bread with nails and teeth
Why did the German workmen take a “lively interest in this
spectacle” when they had merely stopped and stared at the
marching prisoners before?
Tossing the bread into the cars was a game to the
Germans

33. 3. Why didn’t Wiesel join in the scramble for food?
He knew he would not survive as a 15-year-old boy
How were Mier and his son like the other fathers and sons
Wiesel has described?
There is both protection and betrayal
4. How did Mier Katz save Elie’s life?
He saves him from strangulation
How did Elie’s father try to save Mier Katz?
Mier Katz had lost his will to live
How do you know he didn’t succeed?
Meir Katz was unable to get out of the train

34. Chapter 8:
1. Why is it that Wiesel “could have wept with rage” when his
father begged for rest upon arrival at Buchenwald?
They had come so far, only to give up at the final leg
Why did Wiesel feel like he was “arguing with death itself ”?
His father just wanted to rest, but Elie knew that was to
die in the snow.
2. What emotions did Wiesel experience as
he watched his father die the last week?
Conflicting emotions. Was told to take his father’s ration
for himself, but he continued to feed his father out of love.

35. Chapter 9:
1. What were Wiesel’s thoughts during the months after
his father’s death?
Numbness and secret relief
How did he “cope”?
He tries to forget and focuses all his energy on
finding food.
2. On what note did this book end?
Incredibly tragic

36. • Moshe chooses to live in poverty, doing odd jobs so
that most of his time can be spent devoted to religious
study.
• Eliezer wants to study Jewish mysticism (against his
father’s wishes).
• Moshe becomes Eliezer’s respected teacher and role
model.

37. • All foreign born Jews are deported, including Moshe.
• Moshe returns and tells the story of mass execution by the
Nazis.
• Moshe escapes and is a changed man; a man without faith
or joy.
• He warns the townspeople, but they refuse to believe him.
• Even Eliezer doubts him and feels pity on his old teacher
who people believe has gone mad.

38. • The war has not yet touched them directly.
• They feel their remote village is insignificant to the
Nazis.
• The end of the war is in sight, and the Jews of Sighet
are optimistic that the Russian army will liberate them.

39. • There are two ghettos in Sighet.
• All Jews must live in one and wear a gold star.
• The Jews soon feel a false sense of autonomy in the
ghettos as they set up councils to handle health care,
communication with captures, law enforcement and
sanitation.
• The Jews hope that they will live out the rest of the war
in this fashion.

40. • Before the Nazis occupy Sighet, Eliezer urges his father to
sell his shop and move to Palestine. His father refuses; he
feels he is too old to start over in a new place.
• The Weisels' former servant, Martha, begs the family to live
with her; the elder Wiesel is too proud to accept.
• Shortly before the evacuation of the ghetto, someone
knocks on the Wiesels window, but is gone before anyone
can answer. Eliezer later finds out that the police inspector
was trying to warn his family to flee.

41. • The Hungarian police mercilessly beat the Jews during the
evacuation.
• The Jews are forced to sit or stand long hours in sweltering
heat without food or drink.
• Jews are packed 80 to a cattle car; they can barely breathe,
let alone sit or stand.
• The journey takes several days and nights. Madame
Schachter screams about an all consuming fire that is
invisible to the rest of the passengers.

42. • The deportees are sympathetic toward Madame
Schachter when she begins her decent into madness,
but as her hysteria increases, some become less
tolerant of her. They beat her into submission.

43. • Madame Schachter’s cries were prophetic.
• Upon arriving at Auschwitz the deportees are shaken
by the sight of the black smoke from the gigantic
chimney.
• They are seeing the crematory, and its purpose
becomes the central source of horror throughout their
time in the camps.

44. • Selection is the process by which it is decided which
prisoners will live as laborers and which will feed the
crematory.
• Selections are conducted quickly and dispassionately.
• First, men and women are segregated.
• Groups march toward the infamous Dr. Mengele; he
questions them about age, health, and occupation.
• The questions are cursory and the decisions are random.

45. • Eliezer and his father lie to save their lives.
• While marching toward Mengele, another prisoner asks
their ages and corrects their reply; “Eighteen and forty” he
orders.
• If the two were truthful, they would be too young and too
old for labor.
• Eliezer quickly lies about his occupation calling himself a
farmer. A student may be considered useless.

46. • Birkenau is euphemistically described as the
“reception center” for Auschwitz, the death camp
where Jews and others are slaughtered and burned.
• The prisoners are selected for either labor or death at
Birkenau.

47. • Being subjected to one atrocity after another takes its
toll physically, emotionally, and spiritually.
• But, it is the ditch filled with babies that forever shakes
Eliezer’s steadfast faith in God.
• Eliezer never questions God’s existence, but he
condemns a God that permits such atrocities.

48. • Eliezer sees a second ditch and it seems that he is
being directed toward it.
• Deciding that he wishes to be the master of his own
fate he quickly plans to break ranks and throw himself
against the electrified fence.
• He offers a final prayer.
• Two steps before the ditch, the prisoners are herded
into the barracks instead.

49. • The prisoners are quickly stripped of independence and individuality
and are left naked and vulnerable as their captors examine them.
• Kept awake through the first cold night, broken, sickened, and
weeping, prisoners are forced to run for what seems like an eternity the
next day.
• They are dosed with disinfectant, showered and dressed in ill-fitting
prison garb.
• Eliezer’s father receives a savage beating for asking to go to the
bathroom; even Eliezer does nothing to help his father.
• They are to work and if their work is not satisfactory they will die.

50. • The prisoners offer total submission to their captors.
• They lose the independent will to object to their
treatment, and they are willing to turn on other
prisoners to save themselves.
• In using prisoners to maintain order, the Nazis are able
to easily control large groups of people.

51. • An unidentified prisoner advises Eliezer and his father on the ages they
must reply to survive the selection.
• Many prisoners cling to hope and humanity through religion. They are
able to accept the existence of the camps by rationalizing that God is
testing them.
• Often the prisoners in charge are as brutal as their captors. The Polish
block leader is an exception; he offers kind words and emphasizes that
prisoners must not lose their faith or abandon each other.
• Eliezer lies to a relative who asks him about his wife and children.
Eliezer gives the man the last happiness he ever knows by saying that
he has not heard from them.

52. • Buna is a labor camp and the two Wiesels are selected
for labor.
• Upon leaving Auschwitz the prisoners march for hours
to Buna.
• With so many Germans fighting in the war the
workforce has been depleted; the workforce is
supplemented with prisoners, and Eliezer works at a
warehouse with civilians.

53. • As the child dies, one of the prisoners asks, “Where is
God?” At that moment the child, who is silently
suffering a prolonged, agonizing, public death on the
gallows, symbolizes God to Eliezer.

54. • Kapos are prison officials in charge of the work crews.
• They are characterized as being brutal, sadistic, and
having enough power to be corrupt.

55. • The prisoners realize that a single bomb could kill
hundreds of prisoners, but they welcome the bombs
joyfully.
• Periodic air raids mean that the war is moving closer to
the camp, and when the front line reaches the camp
the surviving prisoners will be liberated.
• One air raid lasts an hour and Eliezer wished it would
last one hundred hours. Prisoners cheerfully clear
away the ruins of the raid.

56. • Upon facing the possible death by Allied bombs
Eliezer says, “…we were no longer afraid of death, at
any rate, not of that death.”
• A death that would also bring about the death of their
captors is not frightening after what they endured.

57. • Eliezer’s anger towards God deepens.
• Eliezer admonished God for tormenting the other
prisoners’ minds with his continued presence.
• Eliezer accuses God of active responsibility for
torturing the Jews.
• Eliezer’s rebellion against God leaves a profound void
in his heart.

58. • The prisoners run about in preparation for the display
to get some color in their flesh.
• They run past Mengele to create an illusion of strength
and to prevent Mengele from being able to note their
identification numbers.

59. • Father gives Eliezer his only belongings: a knife and a
spoon.
• Eliezer’s father believes that this will be his final good-bye
to his son.
• Eliezer tries to refuse them, but his father insists, and
Eliezer takes his “inheritance.”

60. • Eliezer’s foot becomes painfully swollen during the January
cold.
• The doctor says the he needs an operation. Another
patient warns him that being hospitalized makes one
prime target for selection.
• Faced with possible amputation if the foot is not cured, he
accepts the danger of the hospital.
• The operation is done without anesthetic. He learns that
his foot will heal, but he must recover for two weeks,
making him vulnerable to the next selection.

61. • Two days after the operation, rumors spread that the
Russian army is on its way to liberate Buna.
• The prisoners learn that they will be marched from the
camp.
• Eliezer leaves the hospital to find his father.
• They must choose either: Eliezer leaving the hospital and
joining the father in the march, or his father joining Eliezer
in the hospital. They choose the march believing that the
Nazis will surely kill any prisoners left behind.

62. • The realization that his death would leave his father
alone helps Eliezer summon the strength to continue.
• The two Wiesels take turns inspiring each other to
continue.

63. • Eliezer prays that he should not do the same to his
father.
• It is difficult for Eliezer to fight the feelings that his
own chances for survival would increase without his
father to support.
• Speaking with the abandoned Rabbi helps refocus
Eliezer’s commitment to his father.

64. • As the elder Wiesel is sent to the left with the
obviously weak, Eliezer creates a confusion that allows
him to bring his father back to the right.
• Since the Nazis are pressed for time because of the
approaching Russian army, the selection process
breaks down.
• Many prisoners are killed in the process, but Eliezer
and his father survive.

65. • An elderly man’s son lunges at him for a morsel of
bread, even as the father tries to share it with him.
• The two incite the other hungry prisoners, and after
the fight, the father and son are both dead.
• If the bond between father and son is broken, then
genocide is realized even if the crematory fires are
extinguished; they no longer need the fires to kill
them; they are destroying each other.

66. • Eliezer’s father suffers from dysentery and will surely
die; the doctors see no point in treating him.
• Caregivers are no longer willing to “waste” any
resources on the dying.

67. • Eliezer feels intense guilt and blames himself for doing
nothing when the guard attacks his father.
• Eliezer’s father is gone after their phenomenal
struggle, yet Eliezer cannot cry. Worst of all he cannot
fight the feeling that he is “…free at last.”
• Eliezer cannot save his father, so his feelings of guilt
are irrational.

68. • As the front approaches the surviving Jews are ordered
to gather in the camp. News spread that they will be
executed on the spot.
• The camp resistance movement interferes with the
execution, and instruction is given to ignore the order.
• Five days later the resistance movement stages a
rebellion , freeing the prisoners shortly before
liberation by the American army.

69. • The prisoners eat.
• “Our first act as free men was to throw ourselves onto
the provisions. We thought only of that. Not of
revenge, not of our families. Nothing but bread.”

70. • After surviving the selection, the abuse, and the
starvation of the camps, Eliezer nearly dies of food
poisoning after liberation.
• Ironically, the very sustenance he needs to survive
almost kills him when he finally gets it.

71. • Eliezer has not looked at himself in the mirror since
deportation from the ghettos.
• When he finally regains enough strength to look at
himself in a mirror, he says he sees a corpse.
• Physically he is alive, but Eliezer’s spirit has died.

72.  An autobiography is a sketch of the author’s
entire life, often from birth up until the time of the
writing.
 A memoir focuses on one aspect of the writer’s
life. Memoirs usually cover a relatively short span
of time, and their main purpose is to draw the
reader’s attention to a specific theme or
circumstance.

73.  A biography is the story of a life from another
person’s perspective.
 An essay is a short nonfiction work that addresses a
specific subject.
 A speech is a talk or an address presented to an
audience.

74.  Autobiographical, memoir
 Focus on observation - describes an event that the
writer witnessed firsthand.
 Elie Wiesel - Bearing Witness - invites us to listen, and
to remember. “Those who cannot remember the past
are condemned to repeat it.”

75.  Prewar European population: 9.5 million
 Most Jews lived in eastern Europe, primarily in the
Soviet Union and Poland.
 The Nazi party came to power in Germany in 1933.
 The Germans moved to extend their power in central
Europe, annexing Austria and destroying
Czechoslavkia.

76.  Germany invaded Poland in 1939, beginning World
War II.
 Over the next two years, German forces conquered
most of Europe.
 The Germans established ghettos in occupied eastern
territories, isolating and persecuting the Jewish
population.

77.  Nazi anti-Jewish policy expanded with the invasion of
the Soviet Union in 1941.
 Mobile killing units murdered Jews, Roma (also called
Gypsies), Soviet political commissars and others.
 The Germans and their collaborators deported Jews to
extermination camps in occupied Poland.

78.  At the largest extermination camp, Auschwitz-
Birkenau, transports arrived almost daily from across
Europe.
 By war’s end, almost six million Jews and millions of
others had perished in the Holocaust.
 Postwar European Jewish Population, ca. 1950: 3.5
million

79.  Holocaust
 Genocide
 Ghetto
 Prejudice
 Discrimination
 Kapo
 Los
 Gestapo
 Race
 Ethnicity
 Anti-Semitism
 Euphemism
 Fascism
 Death camp
 Concentration camp

80.  Holocaust means “complete destruction by fire.”
 The term is now associated with the murder of more
than six million Jewish people during World War II.

81.  Genocide is a word that combines the Greek word
“genos” (meaning race, people, or nation) and the
ending “cide” (meaning to kill).
 Genocide refers to the deliberate and systematic
extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural
group.

82.  The confinement of Jews in a set-apart area of the city.

83.  Prejudice comes from the word “prejudge” (pre-judge,
or judge beforehand).
 A prejudice is a preconceived opinion or feeling
formed without knowledge, thought or reason.
 Prejudices are often based on stereotypes.

84.  Discrimination is when actions are based upon
prejudices, stereotypes, and biases.

85.  Camp prisoner forced to oversee other prisoners.

86.  German for “Go on!”

87.  Any people united by common history, language, or
cultural traits.
 The Dutch race.

88.  A shared and distinctive cultural characteristic
pertaining to the language, religion, background, etc.
of a group of people.
 Ethnicity generally refers to a minority within a larger
society.

89.  Hostility toward or discrimination against Jewish
people.

90.  A mild or vague term that is substituted for one that is
harsh or offensive.
 “To pass away” is a euphemism for “to die.”

91.  A system of government with centralized authority
under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls,
suppression of the opposition through terror and
censorship and usually a policy of belligerent
nationalism and racism.

92.  Camps dedicated to the efficient murder of Jews and
other victims;
 E.g. Auschwitz-Birkenau, Belzec, Chelmo, Madjanek,
Sobibor, Treblinka.
 The terms was also used for concentration camps
where thousands died of starvation and disease.

93.  Camps that were primarily used for slave labor
 Holding camps or
 Transit camps

94.  Adolf Hitler
 Heinrich Himmler
 Adolph Eichmann
 Rudolph Hess
 Dr. Mengele
 Aryan Race
 Third Reich
 SS
 Gestapo
 Dachau
 Aushwitz
 Theresienstadt
 Selection
 Ghetto
 The Final Solution

95. “The Fuhrer,” dictator of Germany (Chancellor – 1933,
President – 1934), a demagogue and tyrant who obtains
power by appealing to the emotions and prejudices of
the masses.

96. The head of the SS.

97. Devised the plan for the Final Solution.

98. The commander of Auschwitz.

99. “The Angel of Death,” a doctor who performed
brutal, unnecessary experiments and
operations upon prisoners.

100. The pure Germanic race, used by the Nazis to
suggest a superior, non-Jewish Caucasian
typified by height, blonde hair, blue eyes.

101. The Third Republic of Germany which began
with Hitler’s rule in 1933 and ended with his
defeat in 1945.

102. “Schutz-Staffel” (literally defense echelon),
established in 1929 as Hitler’s blackshirted
bodyguards. They became the elite guards of
the Nazis trained in brutality and put in charge
of concentration camps.

103. •The secret police organized in 1933 to uncover and
undermine political opposition.
•German acronym for the German Secret State Police
•Part of the SS
•Notorious for terrorism against enemies of the state.

104. A concentration camp used
as a model for the death camps.

105. The largest death camp, located in Poland.

106. The “model” concentration camp used to deceive the
visiting International Red Cross. Many artists were
imprisoned here and later killed.

107. The plan devised in 1941 to speed up the
system of killing the Jews and “undesirables.”
The previous method of shooting and burying
the dead was too “costly and inefficient.” This
final method used an efficient system of gas
chambers and crematories to kill the Jews.
Six of these death camps were built and often
were kept working round the clock, killing
thousands per day.

108. Term used when the SS
forced prisoners to line up
for inspection and decided
which prisoners would live
and which would be killed.

109.  Cabbala
 Hasidism
 Job
 Kaddish
 Maimonides
 Messiah
 Zohar
 Passover
 Pentecost
 Rosh Hashana
 Lazarus
 Synagogue
 Talmud
 Temple
 Yellow star
 Yom Kippur
 Zionism

110.  Jewish mysticism, including numerology.

111.  Movement of Orthodox Judaism with strong mystical
and emotional elements.

112.  Biblical figure who has come to symbolize suffering.

113.  A prayer in Aramaic praising God. The mourner’s
Kaddish is said for the dead.

114.  Jewish rabbi
 Physician
 Philosopher

115.  Greek translation of Hewbrew Mashiach
 The anointed one.

116.  From the Hebrew meaning light or splendor.
 One of the major works of the Cabbala.

117.  Greek word for the celebration of the exodus of Jewish
people from Slavery in Egypt.

118.  The celebration of the giving of the Torah.

119.  Jewish New Year.

120.  A man described in the Books of John and Luke as
having been raised from the dead by Jesus.

121.  A Jewish house of worship and study.

122.  The most important compilation of Jewish oral
tradition.

123.  Holiest place in Judaism, located in Jerusalem.
Biblically ordained sacrifices were performed here.
Built and destroyed twice.

124.  Nazis forced Jews to wear a cloth badge with the word
Jew written in the center of a yellow six pointed star.

125.  Day of Atonement.
 Holiest day of Jewish year.
 When the Jews fast and pray for forgiveness of their
sins.

126.  Political movement advocating
the establishment of a Jewish state.