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By :-
Ishank Ranjan
Akash Gupta
Audio & Audio File Formats
 Audio is an electrical or other
  representation of sound.
 An audio file format is a file
  format for storing digital audio
  data on a computer system.
 It can be a raw bitstream, but it is
  usually a container format or an
  audio data format with defined
  storage layer.
Audio
Format/Codec
 It is important to distinguish between a file format and
  an audio codec.
 A codec performs the encoding and decoding of the
  raw audio data while the data itself is stored in a file
  with a specific audio file format.
 In other words, Codec contains both an ADC and DAC
  running off the same clock.

Audio      Audio       Audio         Audio        Audio
Source     Acquiring   Processing    Encoding     Output
3 Categories of Audio Files
 There are 3 categories in which certain Audio files
 belong to:-
 Uncompressed: Audio files that are not
  compressed and are capable of having a large file
  size. Ex) .Wav
 Lossless: Audio files that are compressed but
  doesn’t lose any quality to the file. Ex) .WMA
 Lossy: Audio files that lose some quality when
  being compressed. Ex) .Mp3
Uncompressed Audio Formats
 There is one major uncompressed audio format, PCM,
  which is usually stored in a .wav file on Windows or in
  a .aiff file on Mac OS.
 Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a method used to
  digitally represent sampled analog signals.
 BWF (Broadcast Wave Format) is a standard audio
  format created by the E.B.U.as a successor to WAV.
 BWF allows metadata to be stored in the file
Features of
Uncompressed file Formats
 WAV and AIFF are flexible file formats designed to
  store more or less any combination of sampling rates
  or bitrates.
 This makes them suitable file formats for storing and
  archiving an original recording.
 Examples….
      WAV(.wav)
      AIFF(.aiff, .aif, .aifc)
      AU(.au,.snd)
      raw header-less PCM
Lossless Audio Formats
 A lossless compressed format stores data in less space
  by eliminating unnecessary data.
 Uncompressed audio formats encode both sound and
  silence with the same number of bits per unit of time.
 In a lossless compressed format, the music would
  occupy a smaller portion of the file and the silence
  would take up almost no space at all.
Features Of
Lossless Compressed Audio Format
 Lossless compression formats enable the original
  uncompressed data to be recreated exactly.
 They provide a compression ratio of about 2:1.
 Examples…
       FLAC(.flac)
       WavPack(.wv)
       Monkey's Audio(.ape)
       ALAC (Apple Lossless)(.m4a)
Lossy Audio Formats
 Lossy compression enables even greater reductions in
  file size by removing some of the data.
 Lossy compression typically achieves far greater
  compression but somewhat reduced quality than
  lossless compression by simplifying the complexities
  of the data.
 A variety of techniques are used, mainly by exploiting
  psychoacoustics, to remove data with minimal
  reduction in the quality of reproduction
Features of
Lossy Compressed Audio Formats
 Most formats offer a range of degrees of compression,
  generally measured in bit rate.
 The lower the rate, the smaller the file and the more
  significant the quality loss.
 Examples…
      MP3,
      Vorbis (.ogg ,.oga)
      Musepack (.mpc, .mp+, .mpp)
      AAC(.m4a, .m4b, .m4p, .m4v, .m4r, .3gp, .mp4, .aac)
      ATRAC (.aa3,.oma,.at3)
      Windows Media Audio Lossy (WMA lossy)(.wma)
Most common audio files
                The most common types of
                 audio files that are still
                 being used today are .Wav
                 files and .Mp3 files. Mp3
                 files are the most popular
                 because it’s used for
                 downloading and storing
                 music into your computer,
                 CD player, or mp3 player.
                 Wave files are used for
                 storing CD-quality sound
                 files, which can be large in
                 size.
WAVE
 WAVE means storing a pattern of music
  signals in digital wave form on computer.
 This means that any sound can be stored.
 However, these sound files are huge and
  process over 160KB per second.
 These files can be seen with a suffix of .wav
  (e.g. Fred.wav)
MP3
 MP3, or MPEG level 3 indicates a type of sound file
  found on computers.
 MP3 is designed to store music at CD quality but using
  approximately 1/12th of the space.
 This compression method is PERCEPTIVE
  ENCODING. This means that approximately 90% of
  the music which the human ear does not respond to
  (I.e. duplicate notes, quieter sounds etc.) is removed.
MIDI
        MIDI stands for Musical Instrument
         Digital Interface and is used with
         computers.
        Where a CD stores sound music, MIDI is
         the manuscript version. It also involves
         hardware within the computer (including
         cables, keyboard, computer sequencers,
         synthesisers, instruments etc)
        It stores the pitch, volume and which
         instrument is being played.(channel)
        MIDI comes from the notation side of
         music and is best thought of in terms of an
         orchestral score where lots of different
         instruments can be put together in one
         entity.
THANK YOU

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Ppt on audio file formats

  • 2. Audio & Audio File Formats  Audio is an electrical or other representation of sound.  An audio file format is a file format for storing digital audio data on a computer system.  It can be a raw bitstream, but it is usually a container format or an audio data format with defined storage layer.
  • 3. Audio Format/Codec  It is important to distinguish between a file format and an audio codec.  A codec performs the encoding and decoding of the raw audio data while the data itself is stored in a file with a specific audio file format.  In other words, Codec contains both an ADC and DAC running off the same clock. Audio Audio Audio Audio Audio Source Acquiring Processing Encoding Output
  • 4. 3 Categories of Audio Files There are 3 categories in which certain Audio files belong to:-  Uncompressed: Audio files that are not compressed and are capable of having a large file size. Ex) .Wav  Lossless: Audio files that are compressed but doesn’t lose any quality to the file. Ex) .WMA  Lossy: Audio files that lose some quality when being compressed. Ex) .Mp3
  • 5. Uncompressed Audio Formats  There is one major uncompressed audio format, PCM, which is usually stored in a .wav file on Windows or in a .aiff file on Mac OS.  Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a method used to digitally represent sampled analog signals.  BWF (Broadcast Wave Format) is a standard audio format created by the E.B.U.as a successor to WAV.  BWF allows metadata to be stored in the file
  • 6. Features of Uncompressed file Formats  WAV and AIFF are flexible file formats designed to store more or less any combination of sampling rates or bitrates.  This makes them suitable file formats for storing and archiving an original recording.  Examples….  WAV(.wav)  AIFF(.aiff, .aif, .aifc)  AU(.au,.snd)  raw header-less PCM
  • 7. Lossless Audio Formats  A lossless compressed format stores data in less space by eliminating unnecessary data.  Uncompressed audio formats encode both sound and silence with the same number of bits per unit of time.  In a lossless compressed format, the music would occupy a smaller portion of the file and the silence would take up almost no space at all.
  • 8. Features Of Lossless Compressed Audio Format  Lossless compression formats enable the original uncompressed data to be recreated exactly.  They provide a compression ratio of about 2:1.  Examples…  FLAC(.flac)  WavPack(.wv)  Monkey's Audio(.ape)  ALAC (Apple Lossless)(.m4a)
  • 9. Lossy Audio Formats  Lossy compression enables even greater reductions in file size by removing some of the data.  Lossy compression typically achieves far greater compression but somewhat reduced quality than lossless compression by simplifying the complexities of the data.  A variety of techniques are used, mainly by exploiting psychoacoustics, to remove data with minimal reduction in the quality of reproduction
  • 10. Features of Lossy Compressed Audio Formats  Most formats offer a range of degrees of compression, generally measured in bit rate.  The lower the rate, the smaller the file and the more significant the quality loss.  Examples…  MP3,  Vorbis (.ogg ,.oga)  Musepack (.mpc, .mp+, .mpp)  AAC(.m4a, .m4b, .m4p, .m4v, .m4r, .3gp, .mp4, .aac)  ATRAC (.aa3,.oma,.at3)  Windows Media Audio Lossy (WMA lossy)(.wma)
  • 11. Most common audio files  The most common types of audio files that are still being used today are .Wav files and .Mp3 files. Mp3 files are the most popular because it’s used for downloading and storing music into your computer, CD player, or mp3 player. Wave files are used for storing CD-quality sound files, which can be large in size.
  • 12. WAVE  WAVE means storing a pattern of music signals in digital wave form on computer.  This means that any sound can be stored.  However, these sound files are huge and process over 160KB per second.  These files can be seen with a suffix of .wav (e.g. Fred.wav)
  • 13. MP3  MP3, or MPEG level 3 indicates a type of sound file found on computers.  MP3 is designed to store music at CD quality but using approximately 1/12th of the space.  This compression method is PERCEPTIVE ENCODING. This means that approximately 90% of the music which the human ear does not respond to (I.e. duplicate notes, quieter sounds etc.) is removed.
  • 14. MIDI  MIDI stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface and is used with computers.  Where a CD stores sound music, MIDI is the manuscript version. It also involves hardware within the computer (including cables, keyboard, computer sequencers, synthesisers, instruments etc)  It stores the pitch, volume and which instrument is being played.(channel)  MIDI comes from the notation side of music and is best thought of in terms of an orchestral score where lots of different instruments can be put together in one entity.